Download - SAS notes 1
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
1/42
1.Overiew of SASBase/SAS is the core foundation fora variety of data management and
analytical software componentsoffered by SAS.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
2/42
1.Overiew of SASBase/SAS provides the essential tools for the
basic data driven tasks that are commonly
performed by a programmer. Data access
Management
Analysis Presentation.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
3/42
1.Overiew of SAS
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
4/42
1.Overiew of SASSAS programming language is used to
Access data from many sources
Manage your dataAnalyse the data and present it as
meaningful information in a report that canbe delivered to any platform , in any formatneeded.
Data access management analysisand presentation
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
5/42
1.Overiew of SASAccessing data:
SAS can access data
That is stored almost anywhere whether itis in a file on the system , or the data that isstored on a remote server or in anotherdatabase system.
That is almost in any format including theraw data sets, SAS data sets and filescreated by other software.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
6/42
1.Overiew of SASTypes of files that can be accessed:
Relational databases: DB2, oracle, teradata,
MS SQL server.
Non-relational database: ADABAS, PC file
formats, System 2000 software.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems:Baan, SAP BW.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
7/42
1.Overiew of SASManaging data:
SAS programming language is used to
manipulate the data .We can use it forformatting the data , creating the variables ,use operators and functions to evaluate,create and recode data values, subset the
data ,perform conditional processing mergedata sources, create , retrieve and updatedatabase information.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
8/42
1.Overiew of SASAnalyzing data and presenting
information:
Once the data is proper ,SAS is used toanalyze data and produce reports. SAS
output can range from a simple listing of a
dataset to customized reports of complexrelationships.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
9/42
1.Overiew of SASSAS is a powerful data analysis tool. We can
produce tables , frequency counts and
cross tabulation tables, create a variety ofcharts and plots, compute a variety of
descriptive statistics , including mean , sum
, variance etc, compute correlations and
other measures of association, as well as
multi-way cross tabulations and inferential
statistics.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
10/42
1.Overiew of SASPresentation:
SAS has limitless number of visually appealing output formats ,such as,
An array of markup languages including HTML4 and XML. Output that is formatted for a high resolution printer , such as
post script , PDF, and PCL files
RTF
Color graphs tht can be made interactive using Active X
controls or Java applets.these can be later sent to a variety of locations and platfoms.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
11/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceWhen SAS is started ,five main windows
open.
The explorer window
The results window
The log window
The editor window
The output window.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
12/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceTHE EXPLORER WINDOW:
This is to view and manage the SAS files and
create shortcuts to files that are notformatted by SAS. This window is used to
Create new SAS libraries and SAS files.
Open any SAS file.
Perform most file management tasks suchas moving, copying, and deleting files.
Create shortcuts.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
13/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceTHE EDITOR WINDOW:
This window is used to enter, edit, and submit SASprograms. This provides useful editor features like
Color coding and syntax checking of SASlanguage
Expandable and collapsible sections
Recordable macros
Support for keyboard shortcuts
Multilevel undo and redo.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
14/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceTHE LOG WINDOW:
This displays the messages about the SAS
session and any SAS programs that aresubmitted.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
15/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceTHE OUTPUT WINDOW:
This displays the output from SAS programs
that are submitted.NOTE: Not all SAS programs create output in
the output window. Some programs open
interactive windows. Others producemessages in the log, and few others
produce in the results viewer window.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
16/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceTHE RESULTS VIEWER WINDOW:
This helps to navigate and manage the
output from SAS programs that aresubmitted.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
17/42
2.Explore SAS workspaceAlong with all these SAs provides a set of
ready-to-use solutions , applications and
tools. These are available in the toolsmenu.
SAS also has online helpwhich is available
from the help menu.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
18/42
3.Work with SAS data setsBefore any work is done , the data has to be in a
special form called a SAS data set.
SAS data set (or a table) is a file containingdescriptor information and related data values.
This is organized as a table of rows
(observations) and columns (variables) that can
SAS process. Some SAS datasets also containan index, which enables SAS to locate records in
the data set.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
19/42
3.Work with SAS data setsAll SAS files are stored in a SAS library. This
is a collection of files such as SAS datasets
and catalogs.To access a library , a name is assigned
(libref). These are the shortcuts that are
used to identify libraries during a SAS
session.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
20/42
3.Work with SAS data setsView SAS files in a library:
Go to explorer window
Double click libraries(see three imp libraries-sashelp, sasuser, work)
Double click sashelp library
Scroll down to see several types of files in the library (sas dataset/view/catalog/MDDB)
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
21/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
Assign a library:
When a library is defined , location of the
SAS files to SAS is indicated. Once thelibrary is defined d, SAS files can be
managed within it.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
22/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
On the toolbar , click new library icon
Type the name of the library
Select enable at start up
Click browse and select the location. Click ok
Assign a library
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
23/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
Add and rename SAS data set
With explorer window active select view | show tree. (librariesare displayed)
Click SAShelp library
Drag the data set from the right pane and drop it into the desiredlibrary
Click the library to find the data set in the library. Right click andselect rename and type the new name.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
24/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
There are many ways to get data into SAS data set.
Enter data directly into SAS using view table window
Read raw data into SAS using import wizard or proc
statements Read and modify existing data sets using SAS programming
statements
Convert other software data files into SAS data set bySAS/Access
Read other software data directly using SAS/Access
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
25/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
Open a SAS data set:
Select the library from the explorer window
Select the data set that is to be viewed and
worked on
Scroll the view table and notice study the
data values.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
26/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
Descriptor portion of SAS:
The descriptor portion of SAS data set
contains information about the data set.This includes
Name of the data set
Date and time of the creation of the data
set Number of observations
Number of variables
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
27/42
3.Work with SAS data sets
View properties of data set
Right click on the data set and select
properties
Click on the column tab to view the details ofthe variables
The format of the column can be changedusing format option.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
28/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
The SAS language contains
statements,expressions, functionsand
CALL routines , options, formats andinformats elements that many
programming languages share.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
29/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
SAS also simplifies programming with its library ofbuilt in programs known as SAS procedures. SASprocedures uses data values from SAS data sets
to produce preprogrammed reports, requiringminimal effort. BASE/SAS procedures enables to
Manipulate data
Store and retrieve information
Perform statistical analysis Create reports.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
30/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Components of SAS programs:
SAS basically has two steps the DATA step
and the PROC step. These two types ofsteps, alone or combined, form all SAS
programs.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
31/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
DATA steps typically create or modify SAS data
sets. They can also be used to produce custom
designed reports. Data steps are generally used
to
Put the data into SAS data set
Compute the values for new variables
Check for and correct errors in the data set. Produce new data sets by subsetting, merging
and updating existing datasets.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
32/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
PROC (procedure) steps typically analyze and process data inthe form of a SAS data set,and they sometimes create SASdata set that contain the results of the procedure. PROCsteps control a library of prewritten routines that perform
tasks on SAS datasets, such as listing, sorting andsummarizing the data.
PROC steps are generally used to
Print a report
Produce descriptive statistics
Create a tabular report
Produce plots and charts
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
33/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Characterization of SAS programs:
SAS programs are made up of SAS statements. ASAS statement has two important characteristics-
It begins with a keyword.
It ends with a semicolon.
A data step begins with the keyword DATA and theproc step begins with keyword PROC. Ends witha RUN statement which tells SAS to process allthe preceding lines of the step.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
34/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
SAS statements are free format.
They can begin and end anywhere on a
line. One statement can continue over several
lines
Several statements can be run on a line.
SAS statements are not case sensitive.Blanks or special characters separate thewords in a SAS statement.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
35/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Copy a SAS program into the editor window:
Define the library
Create the dataset
Copy a sample SAS program in the editorwindow (notice SAS keywords are colorcoded and the program steps separatedinto expandable blocks.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
36/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Submit the program and view the output:
When a program is submitted ,SAS compiles and executes thecode and returns any results to the output window.
With the editor window active select run|submit.
View the log:
Each time a step is executed , SAS generates a log ofprocessing activities and the results of the processing. The
SAS log collects messages about the processing of SASprograms and any errors that may occur.
Click the log window to activate the log.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
37/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Use the results window:
Once the output is created , the results
window opens. The results node at the topof the window contains a folder for the
output of the procedure. The folder is
labeled with the procedure name and the
title of the report.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
38/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Create HTML output:
Select tools > options > preferences.
Click the results tab.
Select the create HTML check box.
Click ok.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
39/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
Modify the program:
We can add options to the programs to
Remove the date from the top of eachpage.
Replace the default the SAS system title.
Use the column label rather than thecolumn name in the output.
Remove the obs column.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
40/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
To remove date from the top of each page useNODATE system option and paste it at the top ofthe program.
options nodate; To replace the default title , use TITLE statement.
title life is beautiful;
To remove obs column and use column labels,use options on PROC PRINT statement.
Proc print data=xyz label noobs;
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
41/42
4.Create and run SAS programs
View and Save results:
HTML results can be created and saved in HTML files.
In the results window, scroll the HTML results.
With results viewer window active, select file > save as. In thefilename box, type the name and click save.
The results window now shows a new folder for the results of
the program .double click on the folder to view the output.
-
8/6/2019 SAS notes 1
42/42
4.Create and run SAS programsSave a SAS program and set up a favorite folder:When SAS programs are saved , we can store them in a folder that is easy toaccess from the explorer window.
With the editor window active, select file > save as.
This opens to default folder on the system . In filename box , type the name
and click save. The file is saved with a .sas extension, indicating that it is aSAS program.
In explorer window, double click favorite folders
Right click in the favorite folders window and select new favorite folder.
In the new favorite folder window type , type folder name in the name box.
Click browse. The select window opens to the same default location where theprogram was saved. Click ok.