Download - Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Urban Reconnaissance and Surveillance

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course

Urban Reconnaissance and

Surveillance


Terminal Learning Objective

Action: Perform urban reconnaissance

Condition: Given a period of instruction and an urban environment during the practical exercise

Standards: Correctly perform reconnaissance in an urban environment


References

• FM 3-21.8• FM 3-21.92• FM 3-55.93• FM 3-21.94• FM 3-06.11• MCWP 3-35.3• FMFM 1-3B


Administrative Notes

Safety Requirements: FireRisk Assessment: LowEnvironmental Considerations: NoneEvaluation: During your practical exercise you will be required to conduct reconnaissance in an urban environment.


Enabling Learning Objective A

Action: Understand the types of reconnaissance and surveillance missions in urban terrain

Conditions: Given a classroom period of instruction and a practical exercise

Standards: Understand the types of urban reconnaissance and surveillance missions


In most cases, a reconnaissance mission involves a high risk of detection due to required movement in the target area. This risk is increased in an urban environment and requires special attention to security and stealth to properly and safely complete the mission.


A unit may receive an urban reconnaissance mission to observe known enemy locations or determine the trafficability of roads in the urban area. Reconnaissance elements may be used to determine enemy locations during movement to contact missions.

Reasons for Urban Reconnaissance


Types of Recon and Surveillance Missions in Urban

Terrain

1. Area reconnaissance2. Route reconnaissance3. Surveillance4. Reconnaissance during movement to contact missions


Reconnaissance Versus Surveillance in Urban Terrain

Active reconnaissance is difficult to accomplish in an urban environment due to the lack of suitable cover and concealment.Surveillance missions give the recon element the best opportunity to accomplish the missionwith a lower risk of compromise.


Area Reconnaissance

• Bridge recon• Obstacles• Key terrain over-watching the city• Known enemy locations and key leaders

Area reconnaissance missions for LRS teamsare limited in urban environments. UAV and other imagery intelligence can accomplish most of the area recon in an urban area. Humint is used to gather detailed information. Types of area recon missions include:


Area Reconnaissance

A mounted or dismounted reconnaissance platoon will be able to accomplish area reconmissions in a more traditional sense. With the size of their elements they can utilize converging route techniques to pinpoint enemy positions for follow on forces.


Route Reconnaissance

A route recon can be conducted through abuilt-up area to determine the enemy defenses and intentions in the area. This operation is conducted in the same manner as standard route recon missions. Routerecons in urban areas should be conducted utilizing mounted techniques to provide additional protection to the recon element.


Route Reconnaissance

The element conducting the route recon inan urban environment should not utilize a planned attack route. The use of this route would allow the enemy to prepare for the attack force by reinforcing defenses along the route. An urban route recon is designed to determine the enemy’s intention throughout the area and on multiple routes.


Surveillance

Surveillance offers the recon platoon the ability to observe a location with minimal exposure. A surveillance position can limit the area that is observable and may force the recon team to use multiple surveillance sites. Movement between sites should utilize cover and concealment and be conducted during hours of limited visibility.


Movement to Contact Reconnaissance

During movement to contact missions in urban terrain, ground forces will utilize recon elementsto move ahead of the main force to pinpointenemy locations. Once the enemy elements are fixed the ground forces can move forward to destroy them.


Questions

Name 2 types of recon in an Urban Area.


Questions

Name 2 types of recon in an Urban Area.• Area Recon• Route Recon• Surveillance• Movement to Contact Recon


Enabling Learning Objective B

Action: Insertion and extraction in an urban environment


Standards: Successfully utilize individual and team movement techniques during a MOUT practical exercise


Insertion and ExtractionIn Urban Terrain

Considerations• Type of environment

- Permissive / High intensity- Semi-permissive / Low intensity

• What is the enemy accustomed to seeing• What assets are available• Task organization and attachments


Insertion and ExtractionIn Urban Terrain

Possible infiltration/exfiltration means• Vehicle military/civilian• Foot patrols• FRIES• Disguised as workers


Individual Movement inUrban Terrain

Dismounted movement in urban terrain shouldbe avoided if possible. The recon element should use covered and concealed routes on the outskirts of the urban area. When the element is forced to move in urban terrain they should use the interior of buildings and subterranean routes when possible.


Movement Past Windows

• Avoid bottom/basement windows if possible • Stay below the window level and near the bldg• Step or jump past the window without exposing the legs


Movement Around Corners

• Observed before moving (below height expected)• Masking of weapon (common mistake) • Pie method (used when speed is required)


Movement Over Walls

• Recon opposite side of wall• Roll over wall (keep low silhouette)• Speed movement and a low silhouette deny the enemy a good target


Crossing Open Areas

• Open areas should be avoided• Natural kill zones• Cross using bounding over-watch technique• Use of smoke for concealment• Thermals are unaffected• Enemies use of suppressive fire• Recon shortest route and next position before moving


Team Movement Outside Building

• Over-watch method• Move parallel to building• Maintain 12” separation between wall and soldier• Stay in the shadows/maintain low silhouette• Maintain 3-5 meters separation between soldiers• Mounted recon for over watch positions - Allows greater standoff/optics/fire support - Speedy extraction


Movement Inside of Buildings

• Avoid silhouetting from doors and windows• Hallways- never move alone• Stay 12 to 18 inches away from walls when moving• Avoid rubbing against walls - ricochets -compromise


Questions

Why do you maintain 12 inches off of a wallWhen moving in a MOUT area?


Questions

Why do you maintain 12 inches off of a wallWhen moving in a MOUT area? To avoid Ricochets that follow wallsTo avoid rubbing or bumping walls and alerting the enemy to your location


Questions

When is the pie method used for clearing around corners?


Questions

When is the pie method used for clearing around corners? When speed is the priority


Enabling Learning Objective C

Action: Understand Subterranean movement techniques

Conditions: Given a classroom period of instruction

Standards: Be able to explain the proper technique for moving through a subterranean system


Subterranean Route Considerations

• Obtain blueprints or maps• Unique conditions/hazards

– Long movements/short tunnels– Noxious gases– Obstacles– Booby traps

• Marking of route– Chalk– Chemlights


Movement Through Subterranean Systems

• Team organization– One soldier tasked with frontal security– One point man– One soldier tasked with rear security– Engineer-Identifying/eliminating obstacles – Team leader-Navigation/recorder– Two soldiers remain at the point of entry as

a security post. They are responsible for enemy detection and serve as a communications link between the team leader and higher


Enabling Learning Objective D

Action: Select suitable surveillance positions in an urban environment


Standards: Successfully select a suitable surveillance site during the practical exercise


Surveillance Site Considerations

• The team needs to determine the best site or sites for observing the target

• Affords best cover and concealment and possible exfiltration routes

• Subsurface site can be constructed– Considerations-noise, time, observation of upper

levels of a possible objective. These factors will force most teams to seek sites higher off the ground


Surveillance Site Selection

• Surveillance vs firing positions• Sites allow observation, minimizing exposure

– Windows, loop holes, rooftops, and rubbled buildings

– Off avenues of approach– Use of primary and alternate sites


Windows

• Provide convenient observation ports•. Avoid observing from the standing position• Optics- Prepare to reduce reflection• Observe far from window to avoid detection• Break up silhouette using natural obstacles• Utilize screen to limit external visibility• Utilize a camo technique to blend in with surroundings


Windows


Loop Holes

• A loop hole is a hole in a wall that allows a soldier to observe from • Loop holes are the most effective sites to avoid enemy observation • They can be utilized in the same manner as a window • Loop holes normally have small fields of observation and may not be positioned in a location to allow the team to see their target


Loop Holes


Roof Tops

• The peak of a roof provides greater vantage point increasing field of vision and the ranges at which they can observe objective

• The disadvantage to rooftops is the lack of cover from above and the lack of a suitable escape route if compromised.


Roof Tops


Rubbled Buildings

• Rubbled buildings provide excellent surveillance sites. • Off avenues of approach• Affords cover and concealment• Ensure to recon for stability to avoid injury and compromise


Rubbled Buildings


Questions

What are the disadvantages to a subsurface surveillance site in an Urban area?


Questions

What are the disadvantages to a subsurface surveillance site in an Urban area?

• Noise• Time• Area to be observed (upper levels)


Questions

Which urban surveillance site gives the best opportunity to successfully accomplish the mission?


Questions

Which urban surveillance site gives the best opportunity to successfully accomplish the mission? METT-TC dependant


Enabling Learning Objective E

Action: Utilize pre-made surveillance positions and camouflage techniques in an urban environment


Standards: Understand types and techniques for using pre-made surveillance positions and camouflage in urban terrain


Surveillance Positionsand Camo Techniques

• Pre-made surveillance positions can consist of any device created to aid in observation

- PVC pipe dark room- Ventilation box for rooftops

• Camouflage techniques will limit your ability to be seen by exterior forces

- Screen over windows- False walls- Painter smocks


PVC Pipe Darkroom

• A screened in room large enough to observe from• Placed over a window in a normally darkened room•Allows for observation out a window without a back light from other activities in the room•Consists of an observation area with two screened light proof curtains to enter and a light proof barrier all around


PVC Pipe Darkroom


Ventilation Box

• Can be made of cardboard or tin• Placed on a roof to blend in with other ventilation outlets• Extremely hard to carry in and emplace secretly• Tight cramped area for observation a limited ability to switch out


False Walls

• Use walllockers or cubicles to create a false room away from window• Wall lockers can be covered with a grey and white sheet to match most brick walls and limit signature• This allows for a working area in the room without compromising the mission


False Walls


Painters Smock

• Wear as an overgarment for BDUs

•White with gray stripes works best

• Utilize paint patterns across the smock to break up pattern and blend in


Screened Windows

• Screen will limit external vision into a room from all angles except straight on• Use a black nylon coated screen with small holes to limit sun reflection• Double up for better coverage• Place inside of window to limit noticeable change


Screened Windows


Summary

Download - Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Urban Reconnaissance and Surveillance

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