-
QoSControl and M
onitoring in IPX
May 26, 2011
Session on “QoSControl and Monitoring”
2nd Annual i3 Forum Conference, Washington DC
-
Confidential and Proprietary
2
Agenda
�S
on
us
Intr
oductio
n
�Q
oS
Pro
ble
m s
tate
ment
�S
olu
tion O
verv
iew
�i3
Foru
m A
ction I
tem
s
�C
ase S
tud
y
-
Confidential and Proprietary
3
Subscriber Features
What Do W
e Do at Sonus?
IP Peering
IP Enterprise
Mobile IP
Netw
orks
Wireline& Cable
IP Netw
ork
Legacy PSTN
Access
Wireline&
Wireless
TDM Enterprise
ASX
Telephony
App Server
Trunking
Business
Residential
Core Platform
s
GSX9000
Media
Gateway
NBS9000
SBC
PSX
Call Policy and
Centralized Routing
Engine
Sonus Global Services
NetScore
NetAssure
NBS5200
SBC
SGX
-
Confidential and Proprietary
4
Problem Statement
�G
uara
nte
ein
g Q
oS
is c
halle
ngin
g in I
P n
etw
ork
s.
�E
nd t
o e
nd p
ath
ma
y g
o o
ver
man
y t
yp
es o
f fa
cili
ties,
techn
olo
gie
s,
multip
le n
etw
ork
pro
vid
ers
�E
nd t
o e
nd p
erf
orm
ance is b
ased o
n t
he a
gg
regatio
n o
f in
div
idua
l
netw
ork
segm
ents
�T
he n
um
ber
of
netw
ork
segm
ents
in t
he p
ath
ma
y v
ary
re
qu
est-
by-
request
�T
he im
pairm
en
t le
vel of
an
y g
iven n
etw
ork
se
gm
ent
is h
ighly
variable
�D
ifficult t
o p
inp
oin
t th
e s
ourc
e o
f im
pairm
ents
or
the d
istr
ibution o
f
impairm
ents
betw
een t
he n
etw
ork
s a
cro
ss t
he p
ath
.
-
Confidential and Proprietary
5
Solution Overview
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLAs
Identifying
Impairment
Source
Procedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
�Active M
onitoring
�Passive M
onitoring
�End-to-End RTCP
Measurements
�Measurements in
Netw
ork Border
Functions
�QoS Aware Routing
-
Confidential and Proprietary
6
Active/Passive M
onitoring Pr
ocedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
�Active M
onitoring
�Passive M
onitoring
�End-to-End RTCP
Measurements
�Measurements in
Netw
ork Border
Functions
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLA
Identifying
Impairment
Source
�QoS Aware Routing
-
Confidential and Proprietary
7
How to M
easure?
�A
ctive
me
asu
rem
en
ts�
Cre
ate
syn
the
tic t
est
tra
ffic
.�
Em
be
dd
ed
or
sta
nd
alo
ne
pro
be
s.
�U
se
fuln
ess d
ep
en
ds o
n h
ow
clo
se
th
e s
yn
the
tic t
raff
ic is t
o
rea
l tr
aff
ic.
�P
assiv
e m
ea
su
rem
en
ts�
Me
asu
re a
ctu
al p
rod
uctio
n t
raff
ic.
�C
an
be
le
ss c
on
tro
ve
rsia
l (i
ntr
usio
n,
pri
va
cy c
on
ce
rns).
Probe
Probe
(1) Generate test traffic
(2) Reflect test traffic
Sniff + evaluate
(could be embedded)
Production traffic
Production traffic
Production traffic
Test metadata
Production traffic
Sniff off-
Evaluate
Encapsulate
-
Confidential and Proprietary
8
End-to-End RTCP Measurements
Procedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
�Active M
onitoring
�Passive M
onitoring
�End-to-End RTCP
Measurements
�Measurements in
Netw
ork Border
Functions
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLAs
Identifying
Impairment
Source
�QoS Aware Routing
-
Confidential and Proprietary
9
End to End RTCP
�W
here
is t
he a
ctu
al pro
ble
m?
Carrier A
IPX netw
ork
Carrier B
IPX netw
ork
CHF
CHF
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Mobile
Provider A
Mobile
Provider(s)
Border
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Border
Functions
RTP/RTCP
generation/term
ination
Packet loss detected based
on RTP sequence numbers
but where it occur?
Packets
dropped here
-
Confidential and Proprietary
10
�T
erm
ina
tin
g R
TC
P w
ill m
ask k
no
wle
dg
e a
bo
ut
pa
cke
t lo
ss.
End-to-End RTCP Measurements
Mobile
Provider(s)
Carrier A
IPX netw
ork
Carrier B
IPX netw
ork
CHF
CHF
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Mobile
Provider A
Border
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Border
Functions
RTP/RTCP
generation/term
ination
RTP/RTCP
generation/term
ination
Packets
dropped here
•Measurements do not indicate a problem because Carrier A Border
Functions rewrite RTP sequence numbers shielding packet loss from
Mobile Provider A
-
Confidential and Proprietary
11
Measurements in Netw
ork Border Functions
Procedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
�Active M
onitoring
�Passive M
onitoring
�End-to-End RTCP
Measurements
�Measurements in
Netw
ork Border
Functions
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLAs
Identifying
Impairment
Source
�QoS Aware Routing
-
Confidential and Proprietary
12
Measurements in Netw
ork Border Functions
�U
sin
g M
ea
sure
me
nts
in B
ord
er
Fu
nctions t
o id
entify
th
e p
roble
m
locatio
n
Carrier A
IPX netw
ork
Carrier B
IPX netw
ork
CHF
CHF
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
Mobile
Provider A
Mobile
Provider(s)
Border
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Gateway
Functions
Border
Functions
RTP/RTCP
generation/term
ination
RTP sequence numbers used
to calculate the total number
of lost packets. Individual
reports from Border Functions
provide “per hop”loss count
Measurement reports from
Border Functions
-
Confidential and Proprietary
13
�W
ork
s e
ve
n if
RT
CP
is b
roke
n
�U
se
SIP
Sig
na
ling
fo
r re
po
rtin
g b
y e
ach
Bo
rde
r F
un
ctio
n
Ele
me
nt.
�S
en
t in
th
e c
on
text
of
the
ca
ll d
ialo
g
�C
an
be
se
nt
with
PU
BL
ISH
or
OP
TIO
NS
�M
essa
ge
vo
lum
e w
ill b
e a
n issu
e –
a m
ech
an
ism
ne
ed
s t
o
be
id
en
tifie
d t
o r
estr
ict
the
re
po
rtin
g t
o a
co
nfig
ura
ble
fra
ctio
n o
f th
e t
ota
l ca
lls.
Reporting Border Functions Measurements via SIP
-
Confidential and Proprietary
14
QoS Aware Routing
Procedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
�Active M
onitoring
�Passive M
onitoring
�End-to-End RTCP
Measurements
�Measurements in
Netw
ork Border
Functions
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLAs
Identifying
Impairment
Source
�QoS Aware Routing
-
Confidential and Proprietary
15
�D
ecid
e h
ow
in
term
ed
iary
me
asu
rem
en
ts a
re t
o b
e r
ep
ort
ed
�R
TC
P p
iggybackin
g v
.s. S
IP m
eth
od b
ased r
eport
ing
�F
or
SIP
meth
od r
eport
ing, decid
e for
PU
BLIS
H v
.s. O
PT
ION
S
�F
or
SIP
meth
od r
eport
ing, use R
FC
6035 S
IP E
vent P
ackage
for
Voic
e Q
ualit
y R
eport
ing
�D
ecid
e w
he
the
r a
“g
en
era
te r
ep
ort
s”
ind
ica
tor
is n
ee
de
d t
o
co
ntr
ol tr
aff
ic v
olu
me
�D
ecid
e w
he
the
r to
po
log
y h
idin
g is a
n issu
e f
or
rep
ort
s
ge
ne
rate
d b
y B
ord
er
Fu
nctio
ns
i3Forum Action Items
-
Confidential and Proprietary
16
Sonus Case Study
NetAssure
NetScore
NBS5200
NBS5200
PSX
Procedure(s) to
remedy the
“Service
Impairment”
•Detecting Service
Impairments
•Guaranteeing SLAs
Identifying
Impairment
Source
-
Confidential and Proprietary
17
�E
xp
eri
en
ce
in
de
sig
nin
g,
de
plo
yin
g a
nd
tro
ub
lesh
oo
tin
g t
he
larg
est
Vo
IP n
etw
ork
s in
th
e w
orl
d.
�B
uilt
op
era
tio
na
l to
ols
to
su
pp
ort
th
ese
ne
two
rks
�T
oo
ls p
rod
uctize
d a
nd
ma
de
ava
ilab
le t
o t
he
en
tire
So
nu
s
cu
sto
me
r b
ase
Sonus Case Study
-
Confidential and Proprietary
18
Active M
onitoring: Sonus NetAssure
NetS
core
N
etS
core
N
etS
core
N
etS
core
C
entr
aliz
ed
Centr
aliz
ed
Centr
aliz
ed
Centr
aliz
ed
Repo
rtR
epo
rtR
epo
rtR
epo
rtServ
er
Serv
er
Serv
er
Serv
er
NetA
ssure
NetA
ssure
NetA
ssure
NetA
ssure
Anal
yzer
Anal
yzer
Anal
yzer
Anal
yzer
NetAssure
Agent
PoP
/NoC
IP N
etw
ork
Netw
ork M
anagement
Netw
ork
Operations
PoP
/NoC
NetAssure
Agent
SLA Monitoring
and alerting
Visualization
Customized
reports
Sig
nalin
g
Media
Call
Qualit
y R
ecord
s (C
QR
s)C
all
Qualit
y R
eco
rds
(CQ
Rs)
GSX9000
PSX
Centralized
Routing
Engine
ASX NBS9000
SBC
EMS
GSX9000
ASX
NBS9000
SBC
PSX
Centralized
Routing
Engine
-
Confidential and Proprietary
19
�N
ee
d t
o m
on
ito
r a
t d
iffe
ren
t la
ye
rs
�N
etw
ork
layer
–IP
Sw
itches, R
oute
rs
�S
erv
ice layers
–M
edia
Gate
ways, S
BC
s, P
olic
y E
ngin
es
�M
imic
th
e p
rod
uctio
n t
raff
ic a
s m
uch
as p
ossib
le
�S
ynth
etic c
entr
aliz
ed r
outing e
ngin
e tra
nsactions, flexib
le
genera
tion o
f S
IP m
essages a
nd C
all
Flo
ws, IP
packe
ts
treatm
ents
in n
etw
ork
ele
ments
�In
la
rge
ne
two
rks,
de
plo
yin
g a
ha
rdw
are
-ba
se
d m
on
ito
rin
g
so
lutio
n m
ay b
e p
roh
ibitiv
e -
> b
uilt
a
so
ftw
are
ba
se
d
so
lutio
n.
Lessons Learned from Active M
onitoring (1)
-
Confidential and Proprietary
20
�A
ctive
mo
nito
rin
g s
uff
ers
fro
m t
he
N^2
pro
ble
m:
Ne
ed
to
sim
plif
y p
rovis
ion
ing
an
d d
ep
loym
en
t o
f p
rob
ing
ag
en
ts
�N
ee
d t
o h
ave
an
in
telli
ge
nt
me
ch
an
ism
to
de
tect
se
rvic
e
dis
rup
tio
ns,
an
d t
o iso
late
fa
ults
�D
yna
mic
Thre
sh
old
ing –
learn
ing a
bout th
e n
etw
ork
�In
telli
gent S
yste
ms to
corr
ela
te e
vents
genera
ted
by v
arious p
robes
Lessons Learned from Active M
onitoring
-
Confidential and Proprietary
21
Passive Monitoring: Sonus NetScore
Netw
ork
Elements
User Interfaces
&
Reporting Tools
Alarm
s
Perform
ance Reports
Drill Down
CDRs
NetScore
Analytics
Engine
Correlation and Analysis
-
Confidential and Proprietary
22
�S
on
us’s
pa
ssiv
e m
on
ito
rin
g r
elie
s o
n m
inin
g t
he
CD
Rs v
/s
full
me
dia
ca
ptu
re a
nd
an
aly
sis
–th
e la
tte
r a
pp
roa
ch
ma
y
be
de
em
ed
im
pra
ctica
l /c
ost
ine
ffe
ctive
in
la
rge
ne
two
rks
�Q
oS
me
tric
s
�P
acket lo
ss (
1stand 2
nd
ord
er
sta
tistics),
jitte
r, R
ound T
rip
Tim
e (
when R
TC
P a
vaila
ble
or
via
pro
bin
g)
�M
edia
im
pairm
ents
are
typic
ally
indic
ative o
f a tem
pora
ry
pro
ble
m r
ath
er
than a
chro
nic
one.
�S
erv
ice
Pa
ram
ete
rs m
etr
ics
�A
nsw
er
Seiz
ure
Ratio (
AS
R)
and A
vera
ge L
ength
of
Convers
ation (
ALO
C)
are
typic
ally
indic
ative o
f serv
ice
metr
ics.
�S
om
e c
arr
iers
focus s
ole
ly o
n the m
etr
ic A
LO
C a
s a
n e
arly
indic
ato
r of serv
ice im
pairm
ents
of any type.
Lessons Learned from Passive M
onitoring (1)
-
Confidential and Proprietary
23
�Im
po
rta
nt
to d
efin
e t
he
Entities
(or
co
mb
ina
tio
n t
he
reo
f) f
or
wh
ich
th
e s
erv
ice
me
tric
s a
re c
alc
ula
ted
�In
div
idu
al Entities
(wh
en
id
en
tifia
ble
)
�A
dja
cent B
GF
�P
eering IP
X
�S
erv
ice P
rovid
er
�D
estination –
(Countr
y C
ode, N
ational D
estination C
ode, etc
..)
�A
co
mb
ina
tio
n o
f Entities
�P
eering IP
X A
ND
Destination
�A
dja
cent B
GF
AN
D D
estination
Lessons Learned from Passive M
onitoring (2)
-
Confidential and Proprietary
24
VoIP
VoIP
Service
Provider A
Service
Provider B
Carrier A
IP netw
ork
Carrier B
IP netw
ork
CHF
Border
Functions
Border
Functions
TDM
CHF
Border
Functions
Media
Gateway
Border
Functions C
CHF
Border
Functions
Media
Gateway
Border
Function A
Carrier C
IP netw
ork
Destination 1
Destination 2
CDR M
ining
Route 1, Destination 1
Route 2, Destination 2
Entity 1: Border C, Destination 1
Entity 2: Border A, Destination 1
Border
Functions C
-
Confidential and Proprietary
25
�M
ea
su
rem
en
ts c
an
be
use
d f
or
Qo
S A
wa
re R
ou
tin
g
�M
ore
po
we
rfu
l if n
etw
ork
wid
e Q
oS
vie
w is u
tiliz
ed
QoS Aware Routing
QoS m
etrics
Route priorities
per destination
Routing
request/responses
Border Functions
Element -1
Border Functions
Element -2
Border Functions
Element -3
QoS Measurement
Aggregator
Centralized Routing
Engine
-
Confidential and Proprietary
26
Thank You