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Enhancement of data rates using
scheduling algorithms and
improved Air-interface for LTE
By
Mohankumar N. M.
Under the Guidance of
Dr. J.T. Devaraju
Associate Professor
The Dept. of Electronic Science
Bangalore University
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Applications with increasing datarates
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Fundamental Constraints
Shannons capacity upper bound
Achievable data rate is fundamentally limited bybandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
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Evolution of mobile technologies
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3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership
Project).
3GPP is a partnership of 6 regional standards
organizations.
ARIB (Japan)
ATIS (USA) CCSA (China)
ETSI (Europe)
TTA (South Korea)
TTC (Japan)
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3GPP Evolution
Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA
Rel-5 (2002): HSDPA
Rel-6 (2005): HSUPA
Rel-7 (2007) and beyond: HSPA+
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3GPP work on the Evolution started in November 2004.
Standardized in the form of Rel-8 (Dec. 2008).
LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)More bandwidth (up to 100 MHz) and backward
compatible with LTE.
Standardized in the form of Rel-10 (Mar. 2011).
Meets IMT-Advanced requirements: Real 4G.
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Characteristics of 3GPP Technologies
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Evolved Node B (eNB)Supports air interface
Provides radio resourcemanagement functions
Mobility Management Entity(MME)
Manages mobility and providessecurity
Operates in control plane andprovides authentication
Serving Gateway (SGW)
Provides Mobility
Responsible for Routing andForwarding
Packet Data Network Gateway(PDN GW)
Provides connectivity to Internet
Provides QoS and mobility between
3G and non-3G networks
LTE network Architecture
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LTE Specifications
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LTE-Advanced Requirements
Peak data rate:
1 Gbps DL and 500 Mbps UL
Latency
Less than 10 ms within Connected mode Less than 50 ms from Idle to Connected mode
Spectrum
Up to 100 MHz bandwidth
Support for non-consecutive bands (spectrum
aggregation)
Peak spectrum efficiency
30 bps/Hz DL and 15 bps/Hz UL
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4G Enabling Technologies
OFDM/OFDMA
Frequency domain equalization
SC-FDMA
MIMO
Fast channel-dependent resource scheduling
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Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access
OFDMA is a multi-user access scheme using OFDM.
Each user occupies a different set of subcarriers.
Scheduler can exploit frequency-selectivity and multi-user
diversity.
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Single Carrier FDMA
SC-FDMA is a new multiple access technique.
Utilizes single carrier modulation, DFT-spread orthogonal
frequency multiplexing and frequency domain equalization.
It has similar structure and performance to OFDMA.
SC-FDMA is currently adopted as the uplink multiple
access scheme in 3GPP LTE.
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MIMO
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique
improves communication link quality and capacity by
using multiple transmit and receive antennas.
Two types of gain; spatial diversity gain and spatialmultiplexing gain.
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LTE-A: Relaying
Improves coverage and cell-edge performance.
Relay node is wirelessly connected to RAN via a
donor cell.
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conclusion
LTE supports high speed internet, robust
gaming, 3-D TV etc. with high data-rate,
spectral flexibility, low latency, improved
coverage and battery lifetime. The IP-based
flat multi-core network architecture provides
seamless mobility and advanced QoS
mechanism.