Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
la nature des sensations
• sentir des choses différentes– dans une modalité sensorielle– dans différentes modalités
• sentir plutôt que rien sentir
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Le problème de la conscience phénoménale
Brain mechanisms Sensations
Sensory inputs
Actions
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Sentir = exercer une habilité sensorimotrice
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Sentir = exercer une habilité sensorimotrice
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
detailed internalrepresentation
le cerveau génère savoir et actions
le cerveau génère les sensations
vision classique nouvelle vision
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
la nature des sensations
• sentir des choses différentes– dans une modalité sensorielle– dans différentes modalités
• sentir plutôt que rien sentir
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
sensory input = f ( action )
Sensorimotor Contingencies(D. M. MacKay, 1956)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Feeling Softness
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of softness
are currently being obeyed.
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Seeing Red
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of red are
currently being obeyed.
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
“Red” is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Non-uniformity of color sampling
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker(Françoise Vitu & Denis Lancelin)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Aline Bompas with split-field glasses
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Previous efforts
• Kohler 1951 +
• Mc Collough 1965 -
• Harrington 1965 -
• Leppman & Wieland, 1966 +
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Forced choice
more yellow-ish more blue-ish
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Judging white after removing glasses
010
203040
5060
708090
100
0.7 0.75 0.8 0.825 0.85 0.875
eyes to blue sideeyes to yellow
% responses “blue”
color
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
la nature des sensations
• sentir des choses différentes– dans une modalité sensorielle– dans différentes modalités
• sentir plutôt que rien sentir
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
big change
expanding flow
shifting flow
nothing
big change
no change
increasing amplitude
asynchrony
big change
nothing
blink:
move forward:
turn sideways:
cover ears:
cover eyes:
SEEING HEARING
Intermodal differences
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Tactile VisualSensory Substitution
Bach y Rita (1972; 1984)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
testingP. Meijer’s
“The vOICe”
(M. Auvray)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Audio-Tactile SubstitutionAline Bompas, Kevin O’Regan
right microphone
Vibrator on right leg
left microphone
Vibrator on left leg
isolating head phones
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
QuickTime™ et un décompresseurcodec YUV420 sont requis pour visualiser
cette image.
Master ENS 2004 - O’ReganBotvinick & Cohen, 1998
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Seeing Straightness
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of
straightness are currently being obeyed.
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
RETINALSTIMULATION
CORTICALREPRESENTATION
SCENE
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Cortex
Retina
Visual field
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
What is a sensorimotor law?
S = f(M)
INTRINSIC
way of describing relation which is independent of the code
(Differential geometry, Lie Groups)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
QuickTime™ et un décompresseurIntel Indeo® Video 5.0 sont requis pour visualiser
cette image.
Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
QuickTime™ et un décompresseur sont requis pour visualiser
cette image.
Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
la nature des sensations
• sentir des choses différentes– dans une modalité sensorielle– dans différentes modalités
• sentir plutôt que rien sentir
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Why is sensory experience different from other mental phenomena?
Corporality/Bodiliness– tight link to body motions
Alerting capacity/Grabbiness– transients incontrovertibly
grab attention
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Corporality/Bodilinessif voluntary motions systematically affect
input
e.g. visual, auditory, etc.also: proprioceptionnot: autonomic sensory pathways
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Alerting Capacity/Grabbiness
capacity to peremptorily interfere with cognitive processing
(can cause exogenous attentional capture)e.g. visual, auditory pathways, etc.not: vestibular, proprioceptive, autonomic sensory
pathways
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Remembering
corporality alertingcapacity
-- --
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Seeing
corporality alertingcapacity
+++ +++
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
"raw feel"
corporality alertingcapacity
remember -- --
see +++ +++
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
"raw feel"
corporality alertingcapacity
remember -- --
feel rich + -
drive ++ -
see +++ +++
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
alerting capacity
vision, hearing
pain
INCREASING SENSORYFEEL
thought, memory
obsession, worry
proprioceptionrichness
happinessloneliness
fearlove
embarassment
vestibular sense
driving
touch, smell
corporality
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
EXERCISING A SKILL !
The experience of softnessE. Myin
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
The experience of softnessE. Myin
EXERCISING A SKILL !
COGNITIVELY ENGAGING IN
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
cognitively engaging in:
Having an experience
the exercise of a skill
thinking, remembering motor skills:
perceiving:
different qualities
Sensory Quality Phenomenality
bodiliness & grabbiness
bodiliness
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness
J.K.O’Regan & A.Noë
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001
http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
La conscience phénoménale en une phrase
Avoir une sensation (perceptive) = être en train d ’accéder au savoir qu ’on exerce actuellement une habilité sensorimotrice d ’un type spécifique
spécificités des habilités sensorimotrices perceptives:
monde comme source d ’informations (mémoire externe)
corporalité
capacité d ’alerte
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Mystères de la conscience phénoménaleMYSTERE EXPLICATION DONNEES
ineffable habilités pratiques,
pas d'accès cognitif
qualité distinctives
intra- et inter-
modales
habilités différentes
selon les modalités
adaptation couleurs
substitution
sensorielle
qualité plutôt que rien
(something it's like)
habilités différentes
comparés à autres
activités mentales
"présence" corporalité et
capacité d'alerte
cécité aux
changements
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Ressources
Transparents du cours et autres infos: http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr
Articles en ligne sur la conscience: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.htmlPSYCHE http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/JCS http://www.imprint.co.uk/
Abstracts de conférences régulières:ASSC http://www.assc.caltech.edu/Tucson (Toward a Science of Consciousness) http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.html
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Quelques suggestions d’articles 1!! = contraire de mon approche; * = compatible mais n’expliquant pas la P-consciencetrès neuro:
* Moshe Bar & Irving Biederman, Localizing the cortical region mediating visual awareness of object identity (awareness area)
* Nancy Kanwisher, Neural events and perceptual awareness (review on NCC)!! Christof Koch (NCC)!! Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, & Christof Koch (Single neuron awareness)Erik D. Lumer *and Geraint Rees (Awareness and rivalry)Lumer, Friston & Rees (aware percepts in rivalry)Maknik & haglund (optical images correlate with percept not with input)Sahraie, L. Weiskrantz, J.L. Barbur, et al (aware and unaware areas in blindsight)D.L. Sheinberg & N. Logothetis (aware vs unaware neurons in rivalry)!! R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, G.M. Edelman, & G. Tononi !! G. Tononi, R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, & G.M. Edelman (awareness in large numbers of
synchronous neurons)!! S. Zeki, S. Aglioti, D. McKeefry, & G. Berlucchi (V1-V2 wavelength; V4 color constancy)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Quelques suggestions d’articles 2plutôt psycho ou philo:
* Bernard Baars (comparison of aware and aware states)** Chalmers (phil discussion of NCC: good!)!! Churchland (misguided hope in neural hypotheses)!! Cotterill (master module)!! Crick & Koch (time for NCC!)!! Eccles (presynaptic vesicular grids of the boutons )? Hernegger (how brain generates sensations? Interesting?)** Hurley & Noë (cortical dominance and deference)Rees, Kreiman & Koch (review on NCC)!! John Smythies (biochemical basis of coma)** Ruediger Vaas, (Why neural correlates of consciousness are fine, but not enough (seems good!)* Baars (global workspace article)* Myles Bogner, Uma Ramamurthy, & Stan Franklin, Consciousness and conceptual learning in a socially situated agent (seems interesting!)!! Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg, and Jean-Pierre Changeux !! Stevan Harnad Consciousness: An afterthought (an attempt to account for P-consc. Interesting?)!* Anthony Jack & Tim Shallice, Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness (doesnt explain P-consc?)!!!! Steven Lehar, Gestalt isomorphism (mystical?)* Don Mathis & Michael Mozer (temporally stable computational states…)* Josh McDermott, Global workspace theory: Consciousness explained? (interesting critique of Baars)?? George McKee, The engine of awareness: Autonomous synchronous representations (somehow time provides qualia…)
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan
Sensory consciousness
J.K.O’Regan & A.Noë, A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001
Corporality/Alerting Capacity (bodiliness/grabbiness)J.K.O’Regan, E. Myin & A.Noë, Towards an analytic phenomenology (in
press)
D. Philipona, J.K.O’Regan, J.-P. Nadal, Is there anything out there? Inferring space from sensorimotor dependencies. Neural Computation (in press).
Phenomenality
Sensory Quality
Mathematics: Inferring Space
http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr