Download - Lec1 Sdr Intro
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SDR(Software Defined Radio)
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Introduction
System Architecture
Software Algorithm Radio Frequency
Reconfigurable Architecture
Low Power Design
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Device Mobility Continues to Rise
Kodak Portable MC3
Palm PDA
with GPS Receiver
Nokia Communicator
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Future Mobile Functionality
Purchase tickets (E-commerce)Guide you in the city (GPS, )
Give local information on a point of interest (Bluetooth, WLAN)
Sound, video, animation
User determines the amount of details using hispreferences
Receive e-mail, phone calls, voice-mail (GSM, UMTS)
Make reservations for your dinner (WAP)
Take pictures / video clips (Microdrive)
Listening to music (MP3)
Store your power-point presentation (files)
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Gilders versus Moores law
97 9 9 01 03 05 07
100
10,000
1M
2x/3-6 months
2x/18 months
1000 x
Greg Papadopoulos, Sun Microsystems
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Future trends of mobilecommunications
Mobility
vehicle
pedestrian
static
GSM
3G cellular
WirelessLAN
4G cellular
IntelligentTransportSystems
Millimeter-waveLAN
HAPS
Data rate
10k 2M 50M 156M 622M
Advancedwirelessaccess
2G 3G 4G 5G
2000 2010 2020
High data rateHigh mobilitySystem roamingSeamless connections tobroadband networks
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Commercial Cellular/PCS
Time
2G:Digital voice, messaging &
data servicesFixed wireless loop,
wireless LAN servicesDigital cellular & PCSMacro, micro & pico cells
Cap
abilityEnhancementsby
Generation
1980 1990 2000 2010
1G
2G
3G
4G
2020
1G: Mobile telephoneAnalog technologyMacro cells
4G: Very high bit rate 20~50Mbps (or100Mbps)Multimedia enhancementsFrequency band: 2.2GHz, 5GHz, 7GHz
BER : VOICE (1e-6), DATA (1e-9)2004~2008 4G 2007~2010
Software Defined Radio Opportunity
SDR Forum
3G: Greatly enhanced data communications servicesNarrowband and wideband multimedia servicesHigher spectrum for wideband applicationsMacro, micro & pico cells
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Information Technologyevolution
Before 80 : Middle Age, Computing Sc. belongs to fiefs (IBM, ), no network
All proprietary, no flow : All is parchment or proprietary spreadsheet
80s : All is transparent for a computer scientist
All is file : UNIX (/dev/null, /dev/lpr, ...)
a file is a set of characters which can be manipulated by C language
85s : All is readable on a desk (or a PC) for anybody
All is document (no more interoperability & transparency)
95s: All is an available object on the network for communication
All is document, readable everywhere (HTML page) or executable
everywhere (Java)
Privilege to information access : kiosk, server
00s : All is a digital, fluid & live stream distributed over networks
Nomadic user, virtual presence (user or sw/content move), VirtualMachine & JavaBeans
Ubiquitous IT (networked planet grid) & Mobile computing
infrastructure (Xeo satellites)
05s : All is program, alive on ad hoc networks
An entity on the network is a Java Program (Jini Concept)
Intentional architecture
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Infrastructure of Information System
Distributed
Multimedia
Data
Multimedia Hyperdocument
Infrastructure with QoS, mobility & security
New Services & Usagebiometric Authentication
Adaptive & multi-modal
Human Interface
Speech recognition
Adaptability & customizationof applications according
terminal configuration &
end-users services
Mobile Terminals
Network Computers
New ServicesIntelligent Routers & Switchers
Configurability
Active & Ad hocNetworks
Interface : XML
Protocol: IP
New ServicesIndexation by content
Protection of digital ObjectsNavigation, Search engine
information filtering
Mobile/fix, wired/wireless
Extra/Inter/Intranet
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4G Mobile Communication System
IP Back bone/
Internet4G Network
PSTN
ISDN
Macro-Cell
Indoor Cordless
WPN1-155Mbps 2.4,5,60 GHz band Fixed/ Slow Mobility
Small Private Area
4G MobileOver 2-10Mbps 2-10 GHz Band Vehicular Environments Medium Area
ITS SDR/Multi-mode
Terminal
BWA20-155Mbps 3,40 GHz band Fixed User MetropolitanArea
Micro-Cell
Digital
Broadcasting
Cell
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Future System
Small user interface: pen, voice, gestureMany standards
Real-time processing
Long execution time
Work in a dynamic environment
Quality changes from place to place
Hybrid networking: DECT, GSM, UMTS, WLAN,Bluetooth
Energy-efficient
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ONE phone for many Standards
SDR forum
- Multiple standards
(peaceful co-existence)
- Rapid increase of subscriber
(need high spectrum utilizationtechniques)
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Wireless DataStandards
1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2400 MHz 5200 MHz
GSM
1800 UMTS 802.11 HIPERLAN/1
UMTS 802.11GSM
1800 HIPERLAN/1
TX
RX
EDGE UMTSBT
802.11
HIPERLAN/1
Channel BandwidthData Rate
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Two Forces Drivingthe Wireless Internet
The cellular industry
Wide area coverage.
Global roaming.
Mobile users atvehicular speeds.
Subscription-based.
Licensed bands.
The wireless LAN industry
Local coverage.
No handoff or roaming.
Fixed users. Revenue through equipment sales.
Unlicensed bands.
The
Wireless
Internet
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Heterogeneous wirelesscommunication networks
by Havinga, [email protected]
There exist many wireless communicationnetworks frequency bands
requirements on mobility transmission speed and quality
Examples: Static: wireless LANs (802.11), Bluetooth,
Radio Local Loop Pedestrian: DECT, PHS Vehicle: 2/3G cellular, pagers, broadcast
TV/radio
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Future wireless
communication Two trends will have major impact Wide proliferation of various wirelessaccess networks
Each with their own preferred type ofservice
Different quality: data rates, latency,mobility support, ..
Software radio technologies Programmable radios, Tunable front-ends
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Heterogeneous networks,why?
Due to roaming the network changed e.g. from indoor wireless LAN to outdoorcellular radio
There is coverage from multiple wireless
networks Possibility to select the most appropriatenetwork for a given application, based on forexample Service classification
User requested QoS parameters Available network capacity (bandwidth, latency)
Energy consumption needed
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Heterogeneous networkarchitecture
Goaldesign a flexibleand openarchitecture suitable for avariety of different wireless access technologies, forapplications with different QoS demands, and different
protocols. Key requirements
Different access technologies (Software Defined Radio) Heterogeneous network support (use combination of networks) Mobility management (seamless handover) Wireless system discovery Selection of efficient configuration
Simple, scalable, low cost Energy efficient (always on) Secure Compatible/interoperable with existing and future work Quality of Service support (end-to-end, and local applicable)
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Evolution of the Cell Phone Two co-existent 3-G cellular standards:
Wideband CDMA Also called UMTS, UTRA, IMT-2000.
Standardized by 3GPP.
Evolution of the GSM backbone.
cdma2000 Standardized by 3GPP2.
Evolved from IS-95 CDMA (cdmaONE).
Common traits:
2 GHz PCS band (licensed). Variable asymmetric data rates for multimedia: ~144 kbps to vehicles.
~ 2 Mbps to fixed locations near base station.
Software-defined-radio (SDR) implementation.
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Standardization of WirelessNetworks
Wireless networks are standardized by IEEE.
Under 802 LAN MAN standards committee.
ApplicationPresentation
Session
Transport
NetworkData Link
Physical
ISO
OSI
7-layer
model Logical Link ControlMedium Access (MAC)
Physical (PHY)
IEEE 802
standards
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IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs
Key features of MAC: Infrastructure or ad-hoc network. Coordinated (PCF) or distributed (DCF) operation.
DCF uses CSMA/CA.
PHY defines data rate and operating band:
Infrared at 1 or 2 Mbps. RF at 1 or 2 Mbps in using FH or DS 2.4 GHZ ISM
band. 802.11b amendment
5.5 or 11 Mbps using DS and CCK in 2.4 GHz band.
802.11a amendment 6-54 Mbps using COFDM in 5-6 GHz U-NII band.
IEEE 802.11 can also be used for broadband access.
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IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN
Working group on broadband wireless access Focus on providing access to small/medium businessand residential opportunities.
Early stages of development. Task 1
PHY for the 10-66 GHz licensed bands. LMDS band: 500 Mbps in 28-31 GHz band. Task 2
Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless. Task 3
PHY & MAC for 2-11 GHz MMDS licensed bands. Task 4
Fixed broadband version of 802.11a.
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Bluetooth Bluetooth SIG formed in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia, IBM,
Toshiba, and Intel. Design goals:
Inexpensive: $5 single chip solution. Short range: 10 m or less. Low data rate: < 720 kbps. Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc networking. Data (ACL) and voice (SCO) support.
Technology: 2.4 GHz ISM band.
79 channels of 1 MHz each. Frequency Hopping at 1600 hops/sec. Nonorthogonal binary GFSK modulation.
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Bluetooth Profiles
Hands-free headset.
Cordless telephone.
Synchronization of PDA, cell phone,
computer. Serial port emulation.
Wearable computing.
Wireless LAN access. Ad-hoc network.
Peripherals: Printer, scanner, fax machine.
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IEEE 802.15 Wireless PAN
Standardization began in 1997 under the Ad HocWearables Standards Committee. Same goals and constraints as Bluetooth:
2.4 GHz band, 10 m. range, inexpensive. Task 1
Standard almost identical to Bluetooth. Task 2 Coexistence of wireless LANs and PANs.
Task 3 20 Mbps High-rate PAN similar to Bluetooth 2.
Task 4 Low rate 2-200 kbps PAN with extremely low power
consumption for perpetual sensors.
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W-LAN (MS) PHY LayerParameter GSM 2G Cell W-CDMA 3G Cell W-CTDMA 3G IEEE 802.11 WLAN Bluetooth HomeRF
Operating
Frequency
890-915 MHz (RX)
935-960 MHz (TX)
2110 - 2170 (RX)
1920 - 1980 (TX)
2110 - 2170 (RX)
1920 - 1980 (TX)
2400 - 2483.5 MHz
ISM
2400 - 2483.5 MHz
ISM
2400 - 2483.5 MHz
ISM
Spread SpectrumMethod
TDMA/FDMA/FDD CDMA/FDD CDMA/TDD FHSS None or FHSS FHSS, TDMA orCSMA/CA
Data Rate 9.6 - 64 kbps 32 kbps -384 kbps 256 kbps -4 Mbps 1 Mbps
2 Mbps
0.7 Mbps
2 Mbps (future)
1 Mbps
2 Mbps
Modulation
Method
(Index)
GMSK (BT=0.3) QPSK data
modulation on up
and dow n;
Spreading is QPSK
on up and BPSK on
dow n.
QPSK data
modulation on up
and dow n;
Spreading is QPSK.
SF = 2-16
2-FSK (0.32)
4-FSK (0.16,
optional)
2-FSK (0.32)
TBD (TBD)
2-FSK
4-FSK (required)
Hop Rate opt, 21.66 Hz
(1/4.615 ms)
na na 2.5 Hz 0 / 1600 Hz (max) 50 Hz
Channel
Switching Time
na 224 msec 220 msec 300 msec
Rx/Tx Turnaround
Time
half duplex full duplex half duplex 19 msec 220 msec 25 microsec
Antenna Divers ity na Optional Optional Optional Not Required
Tx RF Powe r
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Wide Frequency bands
System Frequency bands
Cellular
PDC
CDMA one
PHS
800 MHz
1.5 GHz
1.9 GHz
Wireless LAN
IEEE802.11
MMAC
Altair
2.4 GHz
5.15 ~ 5.25 GHz
19 GHz
Pager
NTT
POCSAG 250 MHz
Cordless phone Analog 250/400 MHz
SDR : SW , ( , , , , )
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New Digital BroadcastingTechnologies Europe
DAB, Digital Audio Broadcasting Designed as a follower of FM stereo system DQPSK/OFDM, 2k DFT E.g., 6 high-quality stereo channels in 1.5 MHz BW Data services Designed for mobile reception
DVB-T, Terrestrial digital TV transmission system 64-QAM/OFDM, 8k DFT E.g., 4 normal quality TV channels (MPEG2) in place of a single analog
channel of 7 or 8 MHz stationary & portable reception, mobile reception under study DVB-S, Digital satellite TV transmission system QPSK
much commonality with DVB-T in source and channel coding DVB-C, Digital Cable TV transmission system 64-QAM much commonality with DVB-T and DVB-S in source and channel coding
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SDR : Abstract All functions, modes, and applications can be
reconfigured by software. Flexibility to handle a variety of multimedia
services and standards. Adaptability to accommodate environment,
required level of security, and availableresources.
Automatically set its parameters of operation onthe basis of cost efficiency or requested QoS
Radio equipment reconfigured by downloadablesoftware, at any layer of the protocol stack. New capability can be added without hardware
changes flexible/ reconfigurable hardware platforms
Configurable-ASIC, DSP, MCU, FPGA
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SDR Forum
- 1996 MMITS (Modular MultifunctionInformation Transfer Systems) Forum
- Motorola, Lucent, Harris, Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens,Alcatel, Orange, Panasonic, Sony, ,
, LG ETRI,, - SDR
-
SDR - SDR
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SDR Forum
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S/W SDR
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Hardware in software-defined radioterminal
-analog stage contains amplifiers, mixers,synthesizers, ADCs( analog-to-digital converters),DACs( digital-to-analog converters)
-With different RF specification such as carrierfrequency, bandwidth, modulation scheme, andtransmission power
-digital stage contains FPGAs, DSPs, CPU, ASICs, andI/O interfaces functions such as digital up/downconverters, digital filters, and modems.
- ASIC : digital filtering, frequency mixing, signalgeneration
- FPGAS (DSPs) : channel codec, speech codec
(Its reconfigured by replacing program.)
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Softwares insoftware-defined radio terminal
-Basic programs : radio function libraries : the sets thatexpress basic radio functions (contain filter programs for
FPGA, modem programs for DSP, or the hardware control
commands)
- OS and device driver : The OS is run to control overall
operation of system. The device drivers are programs for
each hardware control such as amplifier, a synthesizer,
ADC and a DSP.
- Application program : .
This program prepared for a specific radiostandard, such as GSM, IS-95, or IMT-2000.
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SDR Benefit
Potential for significant life-cycle costreductions
Uniform communication acrosscommercial, civil, federal and militaryorganizations
Over the air downloads of new featuresand services as well as software patches
Debug is impossible for mobile terminalsafter they are sold. PC Open Modular Architecture
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SDR API : ,
,
Protocol : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 , , , software
radio
SDR framework : Open System, IDL : interface, minimum CORBASoftware Download: SDR
software downloadRF Module:
, RF , , Wideband ADC and DAC
Baseband DSP Module: software , DSP , HW/SW
interface
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SDR-processing requirements
for Mobile Communications (GSM)Modem w/ basic equalizer
2 MFLOPS for CDMA sector2.5 MFLOPS for a wideband CDMA4 MFLOPS for a G4
Requires high performance devices s.t
PowerPC G4
PowerPC with Altivec CPUs
TMS320-C6x
SHARC/Tiger-SHARC DSPs
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SDR
( ETRI SDR )
DigitalRadio SDR SWR
LNA/PA, Down/upconverter
DSP SW
.
HW
DSP
SW
HW s/w
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SDRMicro controller :
firmware .RTOS :
.Protocol Stack : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2,
. :
. : .Middle ware : Client/server
. .
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Distributed Layered Virtual Machine
CommunicationsApplications
Common Applications
Networking Aspects(Network Waveforms)
Radio Aspects(Basic Waveforms)
Infrastructure Aspects
Hardware Platform
Mapping, Data Bases,Location Awareness, ...
Encapsulated Waveforms,Bridging, Location Estimation, ...
Network Layer &Protocol Stack,State Machines
Physical Layer &Data Link LayerState Machines
Infrastructure State MachinesReal-time CORBA/IDL
Antennas, RF (Band, Bandwidth)Operating System (UNIX,)
Instruction Set Architecture
Map Update Agent
SINCGARS(SG) Bridging
HAVEQUICK
Front EndProcessing
NetworkSecurity
ProtocolStack
Modem INFOSECData ProcessingVoice
Domain/Resource ManagerReal-Time Distributed Processing Services
ASICsFPGAs
DSPsGP Hosts
WaveformPersonalities
OSs
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SDR Layers
OS Interface Standard(POSIX)
Middleware (ORB)
Operating System
Hardware
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Computational Framework
Management Framework
Waveform/ApplicationsFramework
Services Frameworks
Application
PlatformServices
Platform
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Sourceset
Evolutionsupport
Channel set
Source codingand decoding
Service andNetwork support
INFOSEC RF/channelaccess
IFprocessing
Modem
Channel coding anddecodingJoint control
Multiple personalities
External environment
SDR Architecture
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Software Radio Layering Model
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Standardization
Application
APIs
Bindings
RTOS
BSP
HW
Application
APIs
Bindings
RTOS
BSP
HW
Application
APIs
Bindings
RTOS
BSP
HW
Application
APIs
Bindings
RTOS
BSP
HW
Standardized
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Smart-Radio-on-a-Chip
IP-basednetwork
Monodyne
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Design Issues of SDR Modem
SDR
ADC/DAC
DSP
MICROWAVE
CIRCUIT
Using signal processingcompensate a microwave
circuit deterioration Recognize what kind ofsignal processing is done
in RF-Band and Base-band
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4G Modem Technologies
Reliable High Rate/Broadband Transmission Flexible applying of various modulation
Adaptive SDR System to Varying Channel & QoS
More Capacity & Spatial Diversity =>
Space-Time Processing Multiple Access for Higher rate packet
High Spectral Efficiency => OFDM
For Varying Channel & QoS => Link AdaptationTechniques
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Signal processing in base-bandand IF/RF
base-band IF/ RF
Echo cancellation
Equalization
spectrum spreading
de-spreadingSynchronization
SDR RF (GSM2Plus + CDMA + 3GPP + 3GPP2 )
RF front-end - / RF
modulation/
Demodulation
, PDC/PUC (Programmable Down/UpConverter)
Timing recovery / RF coding/decoding
CDMA,OFDM
RF
PLL VCO
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Digital Radio
Diplexer
Downconvert(LNA/Mixer
/Filter)
FrequencySynthesizer
Upconvert(Mixer/Filter/Amp)
IFProcessing
(Amp)Bit-streamProcessing
RFProcessing
AnalogOutput
DigitalAnalog
BasebandProcessing
(Modem)
DigitalOutput
Diplexer
Selects the channel according to different carrier frequency
and different channel bandwidth using fixed analog-definedchannel selection filters.
S f D fi d R di
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Software Defined Radio(Heterodyne )
A/DD/A
Diplexer
Amp
IF
/De-
IFProcessing
(Channelizer/De-
channelizer)
Bit-streamProcessingProcessing
(Modem)
Baseband
Processing
(Modem)
DigitalAnalog
the multi-channels are fed to the single wideband analog-stage.Then all channels are converted to digital signal with onewideband high-speed ADC. The desired channel is then selectedfrom the digitized multi-channels with the software-definedchannel selection filters in the digital-stage.
Software Radio
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Software Radio(Homodyne )
Hardware/Software Co-design
Software
DAC
DAC
ADCADC
ProcessorReconfigurable(Programmable)
- ProcessorNetworkNetwork
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A tl di it l i
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A mostly digital receiverarchitecture
Go digital at the earliest possible stage
Use system level design choices tosimplify the analog RF requirements as
much as possible Rely on low power digital design
techniques to compensate for increasedbaseband complexity
AnalogFront-End
A/DConverter
DigitalBaseband
Processing
RFFilter
Custom Analog IC Custom Digital IC
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Step 1: make as much of the circuitrydigital as possible
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Step 2: achieve programmability at higherfrequencies to reduce hardwares to be usedfor multi-mode cellphone
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Dual Mode (2G/3G)
Transceiver Configuration
ANTCONT
FRONTEND
P.A.
FRONTEND
P.A.
WBFIL
WBFIL
NBFIL
NBFIL
A/D
CONT
DESPREAD
SPREAD
RAKE
MOD
DEM
CODEC
DEM
MOD CODEC
DSP
for 3G System
for 2G System
W CDMA CDMA2000
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Baseband processing
RF
Conversion
to IFand A/D
CDMA2000
S/W part(DSP)
WCDMA
S/W part(DSP)
Flexible H/W part
(FRBA or FPGA)
H/W part
(ASIC)
ModulatorDemodulator
Despreader
Searcher
Time Tracker
AFC
Channel estimator
Lock detector
RAKE combiner
Power control
Channel codec
Rate matching
Multiplexing
I/O controller Process controller Program memory
AlgorithmPartitioning
16
W-CDMA,CDMA2000
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Problems in SDR
Existing portable phones are verycompact, with long battery life, HighMIPS and low cost.
Illegal use causes serious interference Download problem.
The volume of s/w downloadedincreases -> time is lengthened
Manufacturer-specific know-how canbe leak out security
S/W Virus or hackers The method of managing several units
for multi-mode and multi-mode systemsand placement of broadband antenna
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More Performance for futureSDR
High frequency MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated
Circuit) analog Interface between analog and digital
wideband/high speed/high resolution ADCand DAC chip
Digital Processing- DSP (Digital Signal Processor) ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Ci
rcuit) FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
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Some Quotes from SDR Forum
SDR delivers a robust set of features to the consumer in a cost efficientmanner for the provider. - Brian Tropper, President, TropperTechnologies
SDR bridges multiple standards as well as legacy and future systems. -Dr. Eric Christensen, Technical Staff Engineer, Motorola
SDR has great a future and will open the doors for software developers.- Mark Adams, VP, Software Technology, Inc
Time is now. Vendors have technology in place to offer products. -Mark Cummings, President, CEO, enVia
Its inevitable. - Graham Mostyn, VP System Engineering, ChameleonSystems
SDR is a mainstream way to solve problems. - Rodger Hosking, VP,Pentek
Harris is a strong supporter of SDR. - John Fitton, Senior Scientist,HarrisCorp.
SDR is indispensable. - Mitsuyuki Goami, General Manager, KokusaiElectric CoSDR will be the only way radios operate. - Karl Davis, Senior Principal
Software Engineer, Raytheon
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Software Radio Phase Space
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SDR Adoption Timeline,SDR Forum
Duration
2000
2001
2003
2005
Base Stations
Product Introduction
Limited use byInfrastructureManufacturers
Increased use due to 3G
Terminals
Almost no usage
Initial usage as multi-mode, multi-band Cellular/PCS in high-endand roaming products
Used for 3G capabilities(information centric product,embedded applications in computers,
autos...)Widespread adoption by mostmanufacturers as coreplatform
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Reconfigurable Radio Systems
Business Model
Regulation
Spectrum
Standards
Enabling Technologies
Terminals Applications
Base Stations Middleware
Network Services
S
ystem
Application
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R&D in Reconfigurable Radio Systems &Networks in Europe
Applicatio
n
Baseband
IF
RF
Antenna
Spectrum
Business Model
Network
Base Station
Terminal
0
1
2
3
4
5(number of projects)
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Asian ActivitiesProject Players Focus
3GPP WCDMASDR Test Bed Samsung (WCDMA+CDMA2000)
(GSM+WCDMA)
Receiver technology, globalroaming, multi-mode operation
Software RadioBase & PersonalStation
Prototypes
NTT Adaptive array
antennas,modulation,signalprocessing, over-the-air
downloadsARIB - SoftwareReceiverTechnology
ARIB (Toshiba, Anritsu, GunmaUniv, Koden Electronics, KDD,Shizuoka Univ, Tokyo Inst ofTech, Tohoku Univ, NEC, JRC,Fujitsu, Japan Defense Academy,
CRL)
Receiver technology,reconfiguration, softwaredownloads
SDR Test Bed SK Telecom Reconfigurable equipment andservices - Planning Phase
HardwarePlatform of theSW Radio
National Natural ScienceFoundation of China & TsinghuaUniv
Reconfiguration & HardwareArchitecture
European Activities
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European ActivitiesProject Players Focus
LCM Mobile CommunicationsLaboratory
Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology in Lausanne &Institut Eurecom
3G real time test bed;adaptive antennas,reconfiguration, multi-userantennas, base stations
TRUST (TransparentlyReconfigurable UbiquitouSTerminal)http://www.ist-trust.org
European Commission (France Telecom, Telefonica,Siemens, Motorola,Panasonic, Bosch)
User terminalreconfiguration, multi-mode,multi-band operation
PASTORAL (Platform AndSoftware for Terminals:Operationally Re-configurAbLe)
SODERA (re-configurable lowpower radio architecture forSDR)
European Commission (STMicroelectronics, Alcatel,France Telecom, CSELT,Sirius, Thomson)http://www.ist-sodera.org
Re-configurable, real-timeplatform for 3G mobile baseband development
MOBIVAS (Mobile Value-Added Services)
European Commission (Thomson, NEC, Unis,Innovators, HellenicTelecommunications Org,Ecole Nationale Superieuredes Telecommunications)
Define, design, develop, andvalidate an integratedapplication architecture forSDR software downloads
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North American ActivitiesProject Focus
CHARIOT (Changeable Advanced Radiofor Inter-Operable Telecommunications),
Government &Virginia Tech
Smart antenna and reconfiguration
JTRS(Joint Tech. Radio System) sw , SDR forum
2001.11 SCA 2.2ISI(Information Sciences Institute) CPU, GPS ,
SORT (Software radio technologies)
SLATS (Software libraries for advancedterminal solutions)
PROMULA (Programmable Multimoderadio for multimedia wireless terminals)
Standardization
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SDR -
C4I
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SDR(,) ,
1996,
, S/W ,
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SPEAKEasy
1970 DARPA
Phase-1 (1992 - 1995 ):
4- ,
Phase-2 (1995 2000 ): -RF , ,
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Joint Tactical Radio System
, , /
30-512 MHz
Joint Tactical Radio System 2CAN/PRC-117F SDR , Harris
GloMo Project
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GloMo Project(Global Mobile Information)
BBN Technologies- Support for distributed real-time
MMWN(Multimedia applications in Mobile WirelessNetworks)SRI International
- Advanced secure wireless integrated networksCamegie Mellon University
- Pyxis-Middleware for distributed multimediaprogramming
Rutgers University- Dataman project-information services for lowpowered mobile clients
- Numble-many time, many where communicationssupport for information system
l
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GloMo Project
SAIC- SEAM-LSS(Simulation and Evaluation of AdaptiveMobile Large Scale networks Systems)Virginia Tech MPRG(Mobile and Portable RadioResearch Group)[8]
- Software radio using reconfigurable computingStanford University
- Low power distributed mobile networks- Reconfigurable multimode, multi-band information
transfer systemsUTPA(University of Texas-Pan American)
- - Generic control channel mechanism
Gl P
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GloMo ProjectUCLA(University of California in LA)
- Handheld untethered nodes for high performancewireless network systems- Design of mobile adaptive networks using simulation
and agent technology(GloMo SIM)UCSC(University of California, Santa Cruz)
- SPARROW(Secure Protocols for Adaptive, Robust,Reliable, and Opportunistic WINGs)University of California, Berkeley[10]
- Towards a wireless overlay internetworking
architecture- BARWAN(Bay Area Research Wireless AccessNetwork)University of Kansas
- RDRN(Rapidly deployable radio networks)[11]
CH R V h
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CHARIOT, Virginia Tech(Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter Operable Telecommunications)
-
- Analog Device ADSP-21020
- Analog Device ADSP-21020 multistage
-
- -
AFFL/IF
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AFFL/IFMultiband Multimode Radio
Radio SW
QoS
JTRS compliant plug and play HW/SW
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Global Cellular/PCS Markets US - delayed to exploit capital investment in analog systems Europe - GSM to share common R&D & platforms Japan - Exhausted PHS & PDC spectrum for CDMA
Proliferation of standards and spectral capacity
call for multiband, multimode services on single carrier systems
Commercial SDR Drivers
Market
USA
Japan
Europe
First Generation
AMPS & Derivatives
NTT-Analog, JTACS
Various Analog Stds
Second Generation
TDMA, CDMA, GSM
PHS, PDC, GSM
GSM
Third Generation
UW136, Edge/NA,
3GCDMA-DS, 3GCDMA-MC
3GCDMA-DS
IMT-2000, 3GCDMA-TDD
B d l f l P
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Business Model for Wireless PCS
APn
Application
Providers
MMM
Multi-
Media
Mgr
CPn
Content
Providers
OEM System
Suppliers
OEMn
Network
Operator
NO
Enhanced
Capability
UmUsers
Wireline
Operator
WL
Wireless
Personal Area
Network
PAN
Roaming
Network
Operating
RN
Function
Developer
(SDR)
FD
Service Provider
ClearcutCommunications
SP
Regu-
latorsFI
Financial Institution
Transaction Flow
Peter G. Cook, Stephen Hope
G i B i M d l
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Generic Business Model
Integrator
Fee : OS, ORB, SCA ...
Responsible for 1 WF
Integration
validation
certificationWF Assembler
GLUE
Editor SW
Editor
HW
Manufacturer
SW 3d party
Editor
HW
Upgrade
System
ProviderResponsible for multiple WFs
Interconnect with
net provided by
Customer
ConsultantSpecify
Define System
Asynchronous lifecyclesProduct 8 yearsChips 3 yearsSw/ Com. 2 yearsVarious Military Programs
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GNU Radio
Its a free software defined radio A platform for signal processing on
commodity hardware
Create a practical environment forexperimentation & product delivery Expand the free software ethic into
what were previously hardware intensivearenas
http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio http://www.opencores.org/projects/pci
Eric Blossom, [email protected]
C l i
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Conclusion SDR is useful
cost saving (not necessary replacinghardware)
enhancing the system performance of
functions SDR depends on
- progress of hardware technology and
- high speed and low power consumptionDSP and ADC/DAC, tunable and low lossfilter, ultra wideband power amplifier
Standardization of SDR
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Software Radio Architecture Object-Oriented Approaches to wirelessSystems Engineering - J. Mitola III
Simulation and Software Radio formobile communications - H. Harada & R.Prasad
Software Defined Radio, Origins,Drivers and International Perspectivesedited by Walter Tuttlebee