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Rama Setu:
Heritage
Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam
Describes Ramas victory over the ocean; he releases the arrow
which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a tsunami.
This episode is validated by the heatflow and geotectonic maps of
Bharatam in the Rama Setu region.
S. Kalyanaraman, Ph.D.,Sarasvati Research Centre,Former Sr. Exec.,Asian Development Bank,[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope
Location map.Inset:
bathymetry map
of the Gulf of
Mannar
(reproducedfrom Murty et
al., 1994)http://www.Setusamudram.in/htm
http://www.setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htmhttp://www.setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm -
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Seismic activity
Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.gBhuj earthquake, Aceh quake).
The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled withearthquake fault-lines
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Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lostDestruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and
Nagapattinam
Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions
2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine
National Parks
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Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate
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Tectonic setting of the Bay of BengalThe potential for giant tsunamigenic earthquakes in the northern Bay of BengalPhil R. Cummins Nature 449, 75-78(6 September 2007) doi:10.1038/nature06088
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/nature06088.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/nature06088.html -
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Project location
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Bore-hole locations on Rama Setu Collapsed canyons
forming a ridge
Destruction of
fragile coralislands bysediments
Likely reactivation
of sub-seaheatflows
No tsunami-protection walls
(as in Japan)
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Tsunami funneling effect in a
channel
The Sethusamudram canal similar toAlberni canal.
In the March 28, 1964, Alaska earthquake
tsunami, outside of Alaska the largesttsunami amplitude was at the head of the
Alberni canal well inland and not at the
open coast as everyone expected.Due to (a phenomenon known as) quarterwave resonance.(Prof. Tad Murthy)
http://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htm
http://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htmhttp://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htmhttp://mail.google.com/mail/?realattid=f_eywidjrs&attid=0.1&disp=inline&view=att&th=11120b4c79f17b1ehttp://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htmhttp://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htm -
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Nightmare ship salvage operation if
Setusamudram is aligned as a mid-
ocean channel passageSuez canal uses
special bollards
every 200 ft. tosalvage agrounded vessel
Such bollards are
possible only if aland-basedcanal is used.
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Geological, archaeological evidence:Dept. of Earth Sciences (March 2007)
Rameswaram: Mesolithic microlithic tools indicating the
human habitation and activity 8000to 9000 years B.P Talaimannar: Bone and fossils of
human and animal form, human
habitation -- late Pleistocene (about13,000 B.P)
Human activity on both sides of
Rama Setu
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Ramashotspot
Heatflow inRama Setu100 to 180milliwatt per sq.m. comparable toHimalayan
hotsprings
Will dredging inthe area activate
these heat zones?.
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Thorium/titanium placer deposits due
to churning action of ocean currents,
with Rama Setu acting like a sieve orcentrifuge
Thorium deposits in Kerala (Aluva, Chavara), Tamilnadu(Manavalakurichi) that support nuclear power source forIndia will be desiccated if Rama Setu is damaged. Ifanother tsunami strikes, the placer deposits will besubmerged in the ocean.
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1.US Navy operational directive, 23 June
2005
2. Inauguration of SSCP 2 July 2005.
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958),Convention of the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone
recognizes HISTORIC Waters
Sirimavo Bandaranaike and India (Indira Gandhi) June1974: declaration Gulf of Mannar as Historic waters
This claim is not recognized by the United States.
U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1993 and 1994,1999 in Gulf(or tadi eduttavan tandal kaaran) treating theseas international waters.
Geopolitics:USA naval bases : Diego garcia, Trincomalee, Straits of MalaccaChina naval bases: Gwadar, Haumtota, Sitwe
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Traditions
Setutirtha snaanam as sacred. Mahatittha in Sri Lanka.
No ploughs are used in Ramanathapuram district : peoples belief that the earthis sacred since Sri Rama made three sivalinga using this earth
Any fisherman extracting stone together with algae does prayascittam
Skanda Purana (III.1.2.1-114), Vishnu Purana (IV.4.40-49), AgniPurana (V-XI), Brahma Purana (138.1-40) refer to theconstruction of Rama Setu. Skanda Purana (VI.101.1-44)describes the installation ofthree Shiva linga at the end, middle
and beginning of Rama Setu and making the same bridgesubmerged and thereby creating Setu-Teertham. This is alsorelated in Kurma Purana (21.10-61). Garuda Purana (1.81.1-22)lists sacred places including Setubandh and Rameswar. NaradaPurana (Uttara Bhag 76.1-20) extols the greatness of Rama-Setu.
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E id f S lit t
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Evidence from Sangam literature
venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu
ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapalveezh aalam po_lao_viyavintanr-aal ivazhunkaloore (Akanaanoor-u paadal 70)
Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey toSri Lanka, he sat below a big banyan tree on
the banks of the sacred Setu (tiruvan.aikkarai)and was engrossed in conversation with hisfriends. The birds on the banyan tree werechirping. Sri Rama stopped the chirping by his
command.
l b ( ) d b
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Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn byNetherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is,
Rama temple).
Islamic expansion and changing Western views
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Islamic expansion and changing Western views
of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries (Al-Birunis
record)http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=070Schwartzberg Atlas, v.
, p. 33.
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=070http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=070 -
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Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13th
century
Parantaka Chola copper plate (10th cent.)
The copper plates indicate
that Aparajitavarman went
to Setutirtha. (Nagaswamy R.1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper
Plates. State Dept. Of Archaeology,
Tamilnadu. Madras. See: LHernault F.
1978. LIconographie de Subrahmanya
au Tamilnad, Institut Franc ais d
Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.)
Setupati coinage,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Coin_Setu_Bull_Rev_a.jpg -
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Rama Setu in sculptures (9th and
10th centuries CE) Stone steles from the Ramayana
wall carvings at PrambananTemple, Java, Indonesia (builtduring the ninth and tenth centuriesCommon Era). Classical Javanesedance performances of theRamayana are held seasonally at
Prambanan temple. A 2006earthquake in Central Java,however, caused considerabledamage to the World Heritage Site.
Devi Sita talking to Sri Hanuman Vaanara Sena carrying stones, in
their arms and on their heads, tobuild Rama Setu, followed by SriRama, carrying a sword.
Fish and other sea creatureshandling stones from Rama'sbridge to Lanka, during theconstruction of Nala Setu (RamaSetu).
Source:
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/2616http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/2616 -
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Kilakkarai and other places produce sankha, a cultural
symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev.
Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100
crores to procure sankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)
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Save marine wealth:
Vegetarian sea-cow, green turtle
The only place in theworld where dugonglives.
Dugong is a sea-cowwhich eats onlysea-grass.
There are over 3,600
unique aquaticspecies in the Gulfof MannarBioreserve nationalparks.
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Project does NOT make
nautical/economic sense
According to Capt. Balakrishnan, the savingin time from Kolkata to Tuthukudi(Tuticorin) for a ship will be only 1.5 hrs.
Crossing channel at 6 nautical miles payingpilotage charges (approx. Rs. 5 lakhs perpassage)?
Even many small ships with only 30,000Dead Weight Tonnes may prefer tonavigate around Srilanka instead of usingthe channel.
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Rama Setu: ancientmonument of internationalimportance, whether man-
made or natural; even astone or a cave or a river isa monument under the1958 Act.
From Setu to Himachalamdefines the sovereignBharatam according to theSuvey of India logo since1767.
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Why save Rama Setu ?
To remember Sri Rama. The only surviving
monument related to Sri Rama whowalked from Ayodhya to Srilanka
This social, cultural memory is sacredSri Rama vigrahavaan dharmah (the very
embodiment of dharma)
Sri Rama is the role model for bharatiyavalues based on dharma and forintegrity
of the rashtram