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Sun Virtualization: Solaris

10 Containers Adminis tration

Student Guide

SA-355-S10 Rev A.1

D61772GC11

Edition 1.1

D65087

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Copyright © 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All r ights reserved.

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viiCopyright2009 Sun Microsystems,Inc. All Rights Reserved.Sun Services, RevisionA.1

Table of ContentsAbout This Course .................................................................Preface-i

Course Goals............................................................................ Preface-iTopics Not Covered...............................................................Preface-iiiHow Prepared Are You?.......................................................Preface-ivIntroductions ...........................................................................Preface-vHow to Use Course Materials .............................................. Preface-viConventions...........................................................................Preface-vii

Typographical Conventions........................................ Preface-ixAdditional Conventions................................................ Preface-x

Virtualization Trends in the Datacenter ..........................................1-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 1-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 1-2Introduction to Server Virtualization.............................................. 1-3

What is Server Virtualization.................................................. 1-4Virtualization Benefits: the Dynamic Datacenter.......................... 1-6Virtualization Technologies by Sun Microsystems....................... 1-8

Describing Solaris™ Zones and Containers..................................2-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 2-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 2-2Solaris Zones....................................................................................... 2-3

Zone Features ............................................................................ 2-5When to Use Solaris Zones...................................................... 2-6Solaris Zones and Solaris Containers.................................. 2-13Guidelines for Deploying Solaris Containers ..................... 2-13

Zone Concepts.................................................................................. 2-16Zone Types............................................................................... 2-16Zone Daemons........................................................................ 2-19Zone Models ........................................................................... 2-20Zone Networking................................................................... 2-23Zone States ............................................................................... 2-24

Creating, Installing and Booting Zones..........................................3-1

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viii Sun Vir tualization: Solaris™ 10 Containers AdministrationCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1

Objectives ........................................................................................... 3-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 3-2Configuring Zones............................................................................. 3-3Using the zonecfg Command to Configure Zones...................... 3-4

Identifying the zonecfg Command Scope .......................... 3-4

Using zonecfg

Subcommands ............................................. 3-5Using zonecfg Resource and Property Parameters ............ 3-6Zone Configuration Walk-Through .................................... 3-12Viewing the Zone Configuration......................................... 3-16Exporting the Zone Configuration....................................... 3-17

Using the zoneadm Command ....................................................... 3-19Verifying a Configured Zone ................................................ 3-19Installing a Configured Zone ................................................ 3-20Booting a Zone......................................................................... 3-20Rebooting a Zone .................................................................... 3-21Halting a Zone......................................................................... 3-21

Using the zlogin Command ......................................................... 3-22Modes of Operation................................................................ 3-22Logging In to the Zone’s Virtual Console – First Time ..... 3-23Using Failsafe Mode to Access a Zone................................. 3-24Using the init Command..................................................... 3-25Using the shutdown Command............................................ 3-25

Using an /etc/sysidcfg File to Perform Initial Zone SystemIdentification.................................................................................. 3-26

Connecting Storage to Zones......................................................... 4-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 4-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 4-2Storage in Non-Global Zones........................................................... 4-3

Direct Attached Storage, Network Attached Storage, andStorage Area Networks......................................................... 4-3

Assigning File Systems to Zones ..................................................... 4-4Unmounting File Systems from Zones .................................. 4-5Working With Loopback File Systems (LOFS) ..................... 4-6Working With Solaris ZFS File Systems ................................ 4-8Working With UNIX® File Systems..................................... 4-10Working With Network File Systems .................................. 4-11

Security Restrictions and File System Behavior .......................... 4-12Additional File System Considerations........................................ 4-15

Accessing Direct Devices ....................................................... 4-15Using the -o nosuid Option ............................................... 4-16Mounting Read-Only File Systems....................................... 4-16Sharing File Systems............................................................... 4-16

Managing Packages and Patches Within Zones........................... 5-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 5-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 5-2

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ixCopyright2009 Sun Microsystems,Inc. All Rights Reserved.Sun Services, RevisionA.1

Package Management and Solaris Zones Technology ................. 5-3How Zone State Affects Package Operations ....................... 5-4Package Parameters for Zones ................................................ 5-5

Adding Packages in Zones ............................................................. 5-10Using pkgadd in the Global Zone......................................... 5-10

Using pkgadd

in a Non-Global Zone ................................... 5-14Removing Packages from Zones.................................................... 5-15Using pkgrm in the Global Zone.......................................... 5-15Using pkgrm in a Non-Global Zone .................................... 5-17

Adding Patches in Zones ................................................................ 5-18Using patchadd in the Global Zone .................................... 5-18Using Parallel Patching to Reduce Patching Time............. 5-21Using patchadd in a Non-Global Zone............................... 5-22

Removing Patches from Zones ...................................................... 5-24Using patchrm in the Global Zone....................................... 5-24Using patchrm in a Non-Global Zone ................................. 5-24

Upgrading Systems With Non-Global Zones Installed.............. 5-25Configuring Persistent Resource Pools.........................................6-1

Objectives ........................................................................................... 6-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 6-2Introducing Resource Management................................................ 6-3

Resource Containment ............................................................. 6-3Resource Management Control Mechanisms ....................... 6-4Managing Workloads............................................................... 6-5Defining Workloads ................................................................. 6-6

Introducing Resource Pools.............................................................. 6-8When to Use Resource Pools.................................................. 6-9

Resource Pools Framework ............................................................ 6-11The Pool Daemon.................................................................... 6-12The /etc/pooladm.conf Configuration File..................... 6-13

Implementing Pools on a System .................................................. 6-15Configuring Resource Pools........................................................... 6-16

Enabling and Disabling the Resource Pools Service.......... 6-16Configuring Pools ................................................................... 6-18Moving CPUs Between Processor Sets ............................... 6-28Validate a Configuration........................................................ 6-28Binding to a Resource Pool................................................... 6-29Monitoring Statistics for Pool-Related Resources ............. 6-31Remove a Pools Configuration ............................................. 6-32

Configuring Resource Management With Zones ..........................7-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 7-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 7-2Introducing Resource Management With Zones .......................... 7-3

Enhancing Solaris Containers With Newer Solaris 10 FeaturesUsed With zonecfg................................................................. 7-3

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x Sun Virtualization: S olaris™ 10 Containers AdministrationCopyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1

Managing Scheduling Classes and the Fair Share Scheduler...... 7-5Describing CPU Shares ............................................................ 7-6Combining FSS With Other Scheduling Classes .................. 7-7 Configuring FSS .............................................................. 7-10

Configuring CPU Shares for Zones............................................... 7-14

Using the cpu-shares

Zone Property................................. 7-14Using prctl to Configure CPU Shares................................ 7-18Monitoring the Effect of CPU Shares Using prstat ........ 7-19

Configuring Temporary Resource Pools ...................................... 7-20Using the dedicated-cpu Zone Resource.......................... 7-20Displaying Temporary Resource Pool Configurations .... 7-23

Configuring the capped-cpu Resource for Zones ....................... 7-26Configuring Memory Capping for Zones .................................... 7-27

How Resource Capping Works ............................................ 7-27Resource Capping Guidelines.............................................. 7-28Enabling and Disabling the rcap Service............................ 7-29

Using zonecfg to Configure Memory Caps ....................... 7-30Using rcapadm to Configure Memory Caps ....................... 7-31Monitoring the Effect of Memory Caps Using rcapstat .7-31Setting the Memory Cap Enforcement Threshold ............. 7-32

Performing Zone Advanced Network Management...................... 8-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 8-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 8-2Introducing IPMP .............................................................................. 8-3Using IPMP on a System With Zones Installed............................. 8-5

IPMP in Shared-IP Zones......................................................... 8-5IPMP in Exclusive-IP Non-Global Zones ........................... 8-13

Renaming, Moving, Cloning, and Migrating Zones ...................... 9-1Objectives ........................................................................................... 9-1Additional Resources ........................................................................ 9-2Renaming a Zone ............................................................................... 9-3Moving a Zone ................................................................................... 9-4Cloning a Zone ................................................................................... 9-5

Clone a Zone.............................................................................. 9-5Migrating a Zone................................................................................ 9-8

Migrate a Non-Global Zone .................................................... 9-9How to Validate a Zone Migration Before the Migration Is

Performed.............................................................................. 9-11Performing Zone Backups and Restores .................................... 10-1

Objectives ......................................................................................... 10-1Additional Resources ...................................................................... 10-2Creating Backups on Systems With Installed Zones .................. 10-3

Relating Non-Global Zone Configurations to Backup andRecovery Requirements ...................................................... 10-3

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xiCopyright2009 Sun Microsystems,Inc. All Rights Reserved.Sun Services, RevisionA.1

Making Zone Backups From the Global Zone.................... 10-7Making Backups From Within a Non-Global Zone......... 10-11Backing Up Loopback File System Directories................. 10-11Saving and Restoring Non-Global Zone Configuration

Information ......................................................................... 10-12

Recovering Individual Non-Global Zones........................ 10-13Configuring the lx Branded Zone.................................................11-1

Objectives ......................................................................................... 11-1Additional Resources ...................................................................... 11-2Branded Zones Technology............................................................ 11-3

Linux Distribution Support .................................................. 11-4Planning the lx Branded Zone Configuration ............................ 11-5

System and Space Requirements.......................................... 11-5Branded Zone Network Address ......................................... 11-6Managing the lx Branded Zone Resources ........................ 11-6Determining the Zone Name and Zone Path...................... 11-6

Configuring the lx Branded Zone................................................. 11-8Configuring the lx Branded Zone Walk-Through ............ 11-8Displaying the Configuration of a Branded Zone............ 11-10

Installing the lx Branded Zone.................................................... 11-12Obtaining the Linux Archives............................................ 11-13lx Branded Zone Software Installation Walk-Through.. 11-14

Booting the lx Branded Zone ...................................................... 11-16Boot an lx Branded Zone .................................................... 11-16Enable Networking in an lx Branded Zone ..................... 11-17

Administering Applications in lx Branded Zones................... 11-18

IPMP Overview.................................................................................A-1Objective............................................................................................ A-1Introducing IPMP .................................................................... A-1Probe-Based IPMP ................................................................... A-2Configuring Probe-Based IPMP Using the Command Line.....

A-4Link-Based IPMP Configuration......................................... A-10Configuring Link-Based IPMP Using Files........................ A-10

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