ce1356 building services

8/13/2019 Ce1356 Building Services

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HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

EEE D e p a r t m e n t

2 M a r k s Qu e s t io ns a n d A n s w e rs

CE 1356 BUILDIN !E"#ICE!

Prepared By

N.KARTHIK

AP/EEE DEPT


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U nit$1

2 M a r k s

1% De&ine a 'oi(er and distin)uis* 'etween &ire tu'e 'oi(er and water tu'e 'oi(er

Boiler is equipment used to convert water into steam under high pressure

with the help of heat. It is otherwise called as steam generator and works at a

pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure. In fire tue oiler! the water

surrounds the tues through which the hot gases are passed. In water tue oiler

the hot gases surround the tues through which the water is passed. In fire tue

oiler the output is low. In water tue oiler the output is high.

2% +ow does &usi'(e p(u) work is a 'oi(er,

"usile plug is a device fi#ed at the surface of the oiler close to the fine

chamer. This device is made up of a gun metal which has low melting point than

the metal of the oiler shell. $nder normal working conditions of the cotroller the

water in the oiler will e at the safe level and fusile plug will e immersed is the

water. %hen the controller fails the water lend comes down and due to

overheating of oilers the fusile plug melts the steam in the oiler flows to the

fine chamer and puts&off the fine. Thus a ma'or e#plosion of oiler and its

accessories is prevented ( fusile plug.

3% Distin)uis* 'etween (i&t and es-a(ator

Elevators or lifts are generall( provided for multi&store(ed uildings. )ifts

are the onl( mode of transport which are moving trul( vertical


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Escalators are otherwise known as powered steps Escalators are ver( useful

to carr( more numer of people etween one floor to the other at an( instant.

$suall( escalators are operated continuousl(.

.% /*at is a 'u&&er and 'umper in (i&t termino(o)ies,

Bu&&er0 $ This is placed at the pit to asor the shock of either the ca or the

counterweight when it lands on it. *il uffer and spring uffer are generall( wed

e#tensivel(.

Bumper0 $ This is a device which works similar to uffer and replaces uffer if

required.

5% /rite at (east t*ree spe-ia( &eatures reuired at (i&ts and es-a(ators &or

p*si-a(( *andi-apped and e(der( persons%

+, )ifts should e at the entrance level and should have sufficient space atleast to a

dimension of +.+ # +-m allowing maneuvering and turning of a wheel chair

, Internal lift control uttons should e at a height etween 00mm and from the

floor.

1, Buttons should e easil( operated light touch t(pe with visual and tactile

indication of floor selection.

6 /*at is a *o(d 'a-k in a -on4eor,

A holdack is a mechanical device which allows the pullet to matte in onl(

one direction. This is used when the elt is moved is an inclined position and

during this t(pe of movement whenever the power fails the load in the elt tends

to move it is the reverse direction if the holdack is not provided.


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% List t*e di&&erent tpes o& 4i'rators%

There are several t(pes of virations availale for compacting the connect.

The( are

2i, Internal virator 23eedle virator,

2ii, "ormwork virator 2E#ternal virator,

2iii, Tale virator

% /*at is a 'at-* mi7er, /*at are its tpes,

The atch mi#er is used mostl( commonl( for ordinar( uildings.

The atch mi#ers are of the following three t(pes

2i, Tilting mi#ers

2ii, 3on&tilting mi#ers

2iii, 4eversing mi#ers

8% !tate 9(emin):s (e&t *and ru(e

"leming5s left hand rule states that if the left hand is held in a wa( that the

forefinger! middle finger and the thum are at right angles and if the fore finger

represents the direction of magnetic field and the middle finger represents the

direction of current! then the thum represents the direction of motion of

conductor under the influence of the force e#perienced.


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1;% /*at is e(e-troma)neti- indu-tion,

According to this principle! whenever a conductor cuts a magnetic flu#! an

emf is induced in the conductor causing a current to flow through it when the

circuit is closed. The direction of emf is given ( "lemings right handrule.

11% Di&&eren-e 'etween a motor and a )enerator%

Motor0

A motor is a machine which converts electrical energ( in to mechanical

energ(. %hen a motor works with a Director current 2D.6, suppl(! it is termed as

D.6.7otor.

enerator0

A 8enerator is a machine which converts mechanical energ( in to electrical

energ(. %hen it produces a direct current is called D.6. 8enerator.

12% /*at is t*e di&&eren-e 'etween A%C and

D%C, D%C Motor and A%C Motor0

%hen a motor works with a Direct current 2D6, suppl(! it is termed as D6

motor! when a motor works with Alternate current 2A6, suppl( it is termed as A6

motor.

AC enerator and AC )enerator0

%hen a generator produces a direct current is called D6 generator. %hen

Alternating current is produced from a generator! it is called alternator 2or, A6

generator.


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13% /*at do ou mean ' Es-a(ators,

Escalators are used to carr( more numer of people etween one floor to

the other at an( instant.

1.% Mention at(east two ad4anta)es o& *dro e(e-tri- power p(ant%

+. %ater is a cheap and renewale source of energ( where as the fuel used in other

plants is e#pensive and e#haustile.

. There is no air pollution! radiation ha9ard! ash disposal prolem.

1. 6ost of maintenance is less.

15% E7p(ain t*e -on-ept o& &(ow o& wind on eart*

"low of wind is the effect of solar heat. The energ( form the sun heats up

the earth surface. As the earth rotates aout its own a#is and also revolves around

the surface of the earth is su'ected to alternate heating and cooling. This change

is temperature results is change in pressure and thus wind starts flowing from

higher pressure 9one to low pressure 9one. Thus the earth atmosphere is a

marvelous solar driven heat engine that can generate aout +0 million 7% of

power.

16% /*at is a 4i'rator,

:irator is an electric device used to compact the concrete ( e#pelling the

entrapped air.


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1% /*at are t*e -(assi&i-ation o& 4i'rator,

+. Internal virator 2needle virator,

. "ormwork virator 2E#ternal virator,

1. Tale virator

;. Platform virator

-.


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E#plain in detail with

necessar( sketches

. 6ompare of contrast a 6ochran oiler with a %ilco# oiler

1. %rite short notes on?&

+, )ift of Escalators , 6onve(ors 1, :irators of concrete mi#ers

;. 8ive an account on construction of working of A.6. of D.6 8enerators

-. E#plain in detail aout construction of working of @(droelectric power plants

=. %rite short notes on?

+, 8as of electrical , Air Electricit(


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U n it$2

2 Marks

1% Di&&erentiate 'etween -ondu-tan-e and e7isten-e

Condu-tan-e0 It is the propert( of an( sustance that allows the flow of current in

it. It is measured in mho

"esistan-e0$ 4esistance is the propert( of an( sustance that opposes the flow of

current in it. It is denoted ( the s(mol B and is measured in ohms.

2% De&ine power )i4e its units

Power is defined as the rate at which the work is done. It is denoted ( the

letter Cp5 and is measured in Cwatts5.

3% Quote some e7amp(es &or t*e sour-es o& AC supp( and DC supp(%


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5% /rite t*e !I units &or t*e &o((owin) e(e-tri-a( uantities

+. 6urrent densit( . Electric flu#

1. Potential drop ;.


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% De&ine E(e-tri-it

It is defined as the flow of electrons in an( conductor

8% /*at is t*e ro(e o& &use in an e(e-tri-a( insta((ation,

The function of a fuse is to protect the electrical appliances from heav(

current. Thus whenever a high voltage is passed through a fuse wire it

automaticall( melts and reaks the circuits. "use is alwa(s provided in live wires

and not on neutral and earth.

1;% De&ine eartin) in an e(e-tri-a( wirin)

Earthing is connecting the electrical appliances to the ground so that an(

unforeseen current such as leakages! faults etc is immediatel( discharged to the

earth. The pursose of earthing is to ensure all parts of the s(stem other than live

parts are at earth potential at all times 2or, the purpose is to avoid electric shock to

human od(.

11% Mention at (east two wirin) sstems t*at are -ommon( adopted%

i,


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an emf is induced on the conductor wounded 2secondar(, on the other side of the

laminated core provided the secondar( coils lies within the magnetic field of the

primar(.

13% De&ine -ondu-tan-e0$

It is the reciprocal of resistance of it is measured in mho

1.% /rite at (east two app(i-ations o& a trans&ormer= >rans&ormers are used

in=

i, Transmission and distriution of electric power!

ii, 4adio! Television and Telephone circuits

iii,


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1% /*at are t*e two tpes o& e(e-tri-a( supp(

+. Direct current 2D6, suppl(

. Alternating current 2A6, suppl(

1% /*at are t*e tpes o& iorn -(ad swit-*,

+. Doule pole iron clad switch 2DPI6,

. Triple pole iron clad switch 2TPI6,

1. Triple pole iron clad switch with neutral link 2TP3I6,

18% /*at is a &use,

"use is provided at man( places in electrical installations! especiall( along

with main switch and at distriution fuse oard.

2;% /*at do ou mean ' eart*in),

Earthing is connecting the electrical appliances to the ground so that an(

unforeseen current such as leakages! faults etc are immediatel( discharged to the

earth.


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Draw neat sketches for various

t(pes of earthing of e#plain in detail

1. %hat are the various wiring s(stems adopted in a uilding> E#plain in detail

;. Draw a neat sketch of la(out of electrical feltings in a residential flat E#plain

-. 8ive an account on Transformer of its applications

=. %hat are the various features that have to e ensured in locating>


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U nit$3

2 Marks

1% De&ine (are (east its tpes

Bright light which interferes with visual perception is called glare. A right

area in the field of vision reduces the ailit( to perceive visual information needed

for task performance.

T(pes?&

+. Discomfort glare

. Disailit( glare

1. Direct glare

;. Indirect glare

2% /*at are t*e draw'a-ks o& -orpus-u(ar t*eor,

6orpuscular theor( failed to e#plain partial reflection! partial refraction and

other phenomena such as interference! diffraction and polari9ation.

3% /*at is Ca(orimetr,

6alorimetr( is the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or

ph(sical changes. 6alorimetr( involves the use of calorimeter. The word

calorimetr( from latin word calor meaning heat.

T(pes?&

+. Direct calorimetr(

. Indirect 6alorimetr(


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;% /*at is t*e &reuen- and wa4e(en)t* o& 9M wa4es,

The frequenc( of an "7 radio wave is aout +007@F G +00 #+0=@9. This

means aout that the wavelength is aout 1m long.

5% De&ine t*e re(ations*ip 'etween &reuen- and wa4e(en)t*%

The higher the frequenc(! lesser will e the wavelength and relationship

etween frequenc( and wavelength is given (!

G+

Where Wavelength

frequenc(

6% Di&&erentiate 'etween U# radiation and I" radiation%

U# radiation I" radiation

+. $: radiation has wavelength

slightl( less than those of violet

light

I4 radiation has wavelength slightl(

grater than those of red light

. It is emitted ( the sun and also (

other o'ects at high temperature.

It can e felt as heat radiation from the

sun and from other heated odies

1. These radiation helps to keep the

od( health( ut e#cessive

amounts can cause damage to the

skin and e(es and can e used to

kill harmful acteria on kitchens

and hospitals

It is made use of radiant heating

devices for detecting patterns of heat

emesis ions for seeing in dark for

communication links.


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% /*at is a so-ia( an)(e, +ow is it measured,

It is defined as the angle sutended at the centre of the sphere etween the

lines 'oining the opposite edges of a segment of a sphere with the centre. It is

denoted ( Cw5.

6onsider an area CA5 which is a segment of a sphere of radices . )et C65

e the centre point of the sphere which is 'oined to ever( point on the edges of

area! A. 3ow he solid angle w sutended ( this area at the centre of the sphere is

given (.

GA

steradianr

% /*at is M%+%!%C%


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1;% Distin)uis* 'etween -o(our temperature and -o(our renderin)

Co(our temperature Co(our renderin)

+. The colour temperature of a lamp

descries how the light appears when

human e(e looks directl( at the

illuminated ul.

6olour rendering descries how a light

source makes the colour of an o'ect

appear to human e(es.

. It is measured ( a unit called

kelvin2H,

It is measured ( colour rendering

inde#.

1. The scale that starts at a 9ero 2&+1

degrees 6,

The scale has value from 0 to +000

percent.

;. A theoreticall( perfect radiator called

a lack od( is used as the standard of

comparison.

This ailit( is measured ( comparing

the appearance of o'ects under the

light source with their appearance under

a reference source such as da(light.

11% /*at is -a((ed as spe-trum,

%henever a eam of light passes through a prism it get dispersed into its

component colours of all wavelengths called spectrum which include wavelengths

of visile light.


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12% E7p(ain *ow t*e propa)ation o& (i)*t is per-ei4ed,

7odern theor( proposes that light has a dual character.


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1.% Di&&erentiate 'etween additi4e -o(our and su'tra-ti4e -o(our%

Additi4e -o(our !u'tra-ti4e -o(our

+. If coloured lights are added

together then the( will produce

other colours

If colours are sutracted from white light

then other colours will e produced.

. %hen the three primar( additive

colours are comined in equal

proportions the( add to produce

white light

%hen the three primar( sutractive colours

are comined in equal propotions the(

sutract components of white light to

produce darkness.

1. Eg?&

4ed J 8reen G Kellow

8reen J Blue G c(an

4ed J lue G 7agenta

4ed J 8reen J Blue G %hite

6(an sutracts 4ed These

pairs are7agenta sutracts 8reen formed as(ellow sutracts Blue complementar(

colours

;. The( are used for stage lighting!

colour television and in colour

printing

The( are widel( used for paint pigments!

colour photographs and colour printing.

15% /*at is a 4isua( task,

:isual tasks are the tasks 2work, that are carried out with the help of vision.

16% /*at are t*e &a-tors a&&e-tin) 4isua( tasks,

+.


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1% /*at is )(are,

Bright light which interferes with visual perception is called glare.

1% /*at are t*e two tpes o& 4isua( tasks,

i, Paper ased tasks

ii, 6omputer ased tasks

18% /*at are t*e modern t*eor o& (i)*t,

+. 6orpuscular theor(

. %are theor(

1. Electromagnetic theor(

;. Luantum Theor(

2;% /*at are t*e tpes o& )(are

+. Discomfort glare

. Disailit( glare

1. Direct glare

;. Indirect glare


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1. %rite short notes on

i,


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U n it $ .

2 marks

1% De&ine >*ermodnami-s,

The term Thermod(namics stem from 8reekwords. Therme means heat

and d(namics means power.

The term of thermod(namics is a ranch of science that deals the stud( of

heat which is in motion.

2% Distin)uis* 'etween (atent *eat o& &usion and (atent *eat o& e4aporation,

(atent *eat o& &usion (atent *eat o& e4aporation

i, )atent heat of fusion is defined as the

amount of heat required to convert unit

mass of the sustance from solid to

liquid at its melting point without an(

rise in temperature.

i, The latent heat of evaporation 2or,

vapori9ation is defined as the amount of

heat required to convert unit mass of the

liquid into its vapour state at the same

temperature.

ii, "or e#ample water e#ists as ice at

0oc. when it starts melting it is

converted in to water ut the ice

temperature 20oc, is maintained for

some amount of time till all the ice

melts totall(.

ii, "or e#ample the water which is in

liquid form starts evaporating 2converts

to steam, at +00oc. After reaching

+00oc more the water is heated more the

steam is generated without the change

in temperature.


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3% De&ine re&ri)eration w*at is t*e prin-ip(e re&ri)eration,

4efrigeration is defined as the process of cooling and maintaining a

temperature well elow that of the surrounding atmospheric temperature.


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% /rite at (east two pre-autions to pre4ent &ire -aused AC sstem,

Escape routes like staircase common corridors! lift loies etc should not e

used as return air passage.


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1;% De&ine -oo(in) (oads,

Buildings are uilt to provide a safe and comfortale internal environment

despite variations in e#ternal conditions. The e#tent to which the desired interior

conditions can e economicall( maintained is one important measure of success of

a uilding design.


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15% /*at do ou mean ' air *and(in) units,

Air heading units are the equipments that deals with the hot and cold air

which air used to condition the air inside a room.

16% /*at are t*e two tpes o& air *and(in) units

+.


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UNI> 5

2 Marks

1% List t*e si)ni&i-ant to7i- )ases t*at are produ-ed durin) &ire

a, 6aron mono#ide

, 6aron dio#ide

c, @(drogen sulphide

d, 3itrogen dio#ide

2% i4e at (east two re-ommendations o& NBC wit* respe-t to &ire sa&et%

+. A uilding or portion of the uilding ma( e occupied onl( if all means

of e#it and fire protection measures are in place and continuousl(

maintained for the occupied part of the uilding.

. )ifts and escalators should not e considered as fire e#it.

3% +ow -an 'e tim'er made &ire resistant,

The structural elements made of timer ignite and rapidl( destro(ed in case

of fire. The use of timer cannot e totall( avoided as a construction

material! the surface of the timer is coated with paints and / or certain

chemicals such as a ammonium phosphate! ammonium sulphate! ora#!

oric acid! 9inc chloride etc to make if fire resistant. 7ore over it acts as

the fuel to the fire.


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.% Des-ri'e t*e ua(it o& -on-rete wit* respe-t o& &ire resistan-e%

This material is a ad conductor of heat and ti si an effective

material for fire resisting construction. The concrete offers a much higher

resistance to a fire than an( other material. The actual ehaviour of

concrete in case of a fire depends on the qualit( of cement and t(pe of

aggregate forming the concrete and in case of reinforced and prestressed

structures is also depends on the position of steel in concrete.

5% List at (east t*ree &ire es-ape e(ements in 'ui(din)s

+. A separate fire life should e provided for use of fire ridge in the event

of fire.

. Ever( tall uilding should have a minimum of staircases.

1. The lifts and escalators should not e considered as e#its.

6% /rite at (east t*ree spe-ia( desi)n -onsiderations to 'e -onsidered &or

p*si-a(( *andi-apped and e(der( peop(e wit* respe-t to &ire sa&et%

+. "lashing lights can e activated simultaneousl( with an audile alarm

s(stem to alert persons with hearing impairments.

. *ld age and disaled person need to e included in all fire drills.

1. "lashing lights virating eds or variale velocit( fans can alert deaf

and lind people.


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% /*at is smoke dete-tor, i4e e7amp(e

It is a device that5s detects smoke commercial! industrial and mass

residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm s(stem while household

detectors! known as smoke alarms! generall( issue a local audile and/or

visual alarm from the detector itself. E#ample ? optical smoke detector.

% /*at are t*e 4arious &ire a(arm sstems,

The fire alarm s(stems are of two t(pes

a, Automatic Alarm


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11%De&ine sprink(er *ead

In the automatic sprinklers the heat actuated devices known as the sprinkler

heads are fitted at regular usuall( 1m along the pipes.

12% List t*e 4arious tpes o& sprink(er *eads t*at are -ommon( used

a, "usile link

, 6hemical @ead

c, 8lass Bul

d, *pen


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15% /*at are t*e 4arious pre-autions to 'e taken in t*e arran)ement o&

automati- sprink(er sstem,

+. The pipes should e fitted on the ceiling of the room at a height notmore than ; meters.

. In order to make the s(stem more effective! the arrangement should e

made to cause an automatic alarm in case of a fire.

16%/*at do ou mean ' a (o'',

)o( is an open area inside the entrance of a pulic uilding.

1%/*at is a dr riser,

It is an arrangement of fire fighting within the uilding ( means of vertical

rising mains not less than +00mm internal diameter with landing valves on

each floor which is dr( ut is capale of eing charged with water usuall(

( pumping from fire service appliances.

1%/*at is a wet riser,

The riser is alwa(s charged with pressuri9ed suppl( of water.

18% /*at are t*e stru-tura( e(ements t*at s*ou(d 'e )i4en due

-onsiderations &or desi)n,

+. %alls 6olumn

. "loors roofs

1. %all openings

;. Building fire escape element staircase.

2;%/*at is a 4isi'(e smoke dete-tor,

A source of light is directed at a receiving photocell. In case of fire! smoke

scatters the light and an alarm is triggered.


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