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Bibliography AIR FRANCE Carlier, c., ed. 'La construction aeronautique, Ie transport aenen, a I'aube du XXIeme siecle'. Centre d'Histoire de l'Industrie Aeronautique et Spatiale, Uni- versity of Paris I, 1989. Chadeau, E., ed. 'Histoire de I'aviation civile'. Vincennes, Comite Latecoere and Service Historique de l'Annee de l'Air, 1994. Chadeau, E., ed. 'Airbus, un succes industriel europeen'. Paris, Institut d'Histoire de l'Industrie, 1995. Chadeau, E. 'Le reve et la puissance, I'avion et son siecle'. Paris, Fayard, 1996. Dacharry, M. 'Geographie du transport aerien'. Paris, LITEC, 1981. Esperou, R. 'Histoire d'Air France'. La Guerche, Editions Ouest France, 1986. Funel, P., ed. 'Le transport aerien Paris, Documentation 1982. Guarino, J-G. 'La politique economique des entreprises de transport aerien, Ie cas Air France, environnement et choix'. Doctoral thesis, Nice University, 1977. Hamelin, P., ed. 'Transports 1993, professions en devenir, enjeux et dereglementation'. Paris, Ecole nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, 1992. Le Due, M., ed. 'Services publics de reseau et Europe'. Paris, Documentation fran- 1995. Maoui, G., Neiertz, N., ed. 'Entre ciel et terre', History of Paris Airports. Paris, Le Cherche Midi, 1995. Marais, J-G. and Simi, R 'Caviation commerciale'. Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1964. Merlin, P. 'Geographie, economie et planification des transports'. Paris, Presses uni- versitaires de France, 1991. Merlin, P. 'Les transports en France'. Paris, Documentation 1994. Naveau, J. 'CEurope et Ie transport aerien'. Brussels, Bruylant, 1983. Neiertz, N. 'La coordination des transports en France de 1918 a nos jours'. Unpub- lished doctoral thesis, Paris IV- Sorbonne University, 1995. Neiertz, N. 'Etude d'un mode d'interconnexion de reseaux: Ie cas d'Aeroports de Paris'. Transports urbains, no. 84 (July-September 1994), pp. 15-22. Pavaux, J. Teconomie du transport aerien, la concurrence impraticable'. Paris, Eco- nomica, 1984. Pavaux, J., ed. 'Les complementarites train-avion en Europe'. Paris, Air 'ftansport Institute, 1991. Saint-Yves, M. 'Cintennodalite air-fer, une necessite pour l'Europe'. Aviation Inter- national, no. 995 (1 December 1989), pp. 32-4. Spira, N., ed. 'Le transport aerien'. Les Cahiers franr;ais, no. 176 (May-June 1976), pp. 1-70. Stoffaes, C., ed. ''ftansport aerien, Iiberalisme et dereglementation'. Paris, Ecole nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, 1987. Thomson, J.M. 'Road, rail and air competition for passengers in Europe'. Aeronau- tical Journal, London (April 1978), pp. 139-47. Varlet, J. 'Cinterconnexion des reseaux de transport en Europe'. Paris. Air 'ftansport Institute, 1992. 253

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Bibliography

AIR FRANCE

Carlier, c., ed. 'La construction aeronautique, Ie transport aenen, a I'aube du XXIeme siecle'. Centre d'Histoire de l'Industrie Aeronautique et Spatiale, Uni­versity of Paris I, 1989.

Chadeau, E., ed. 'Histoire de I'aviation civile'. Vincennes, Comite Latecoere and Service Historique de l'Annee de l'Air, 1994.

Chadeau, E., ed. 'Airbus, un succes industriel europeen'. Paris, Institut d'Histoire de l'Industrie, 1995.

Chadeau, E. 'Le reve et la puissance, I'avion et son siecle'. Paris, Fayard, 1996. Dacharry, M. 'Geographie du transport aerien'. Paris, LITEC, 1981. Esperou, R. 'Histoire d'Air France'. La Guerche, Editions Ouest France, 1986. Funel, P., ed. 'Le transport aerien fran~ais'. Paris, Documentation fran~aise,

1982. Guarino, J-G. 'La politique economique des entreprises de transport aerien, Ie cas Air

France, environnement et choix'. Doctoral thesis, Nice University, 1977. Hamelin, P., ed. 'Transports 1993, professions en devenir, enjeux et dereglementation'.

Paris, Ecole nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, 1992. Le Due, M., ed. 'Services publics de reseau et Europe'. Paris, Documentation fran­

~ise, 1995. Maoui, G., Neiertz, N., ed. 'Entre ciel et terre', History of Paris Airports. Paris, Le

Cherche Midi, 1995. Marais, J-G. and Simi, R 'Caviation commerciale'. Paris, Presses universitaires de

France, 1964. Merlin, P. 'Geographie, economie et planification des transports'. Paris, Presses uni-

versitaires de France, 1991. Merlin, P. 'Les transports en France'. Paris, Documentation fran~aise, 1994. Naveau, J. 'CEurope et Ie transport aerien'. Brussels, Bruylant, 1983. Neiertz, N. 'La coordination des transports en France de 1918 a nos jours'. Unpub­

lished doctoral thesis, Paris IV- Sorbonne University, 1995. Neiertz, N. 'Etude d'un mode d'interconnexion de reseaux: Ie cas d'Aeroports de

Paris'. Transports urbains, no. 84 (July-September 1994), pp. 15-22. Pavaux, J. Teconomie du transport aerien, la concurrence impraticable'. Paris, Eco­

nomica, 1984. Pavaux, J., ed. 'Les complementarites train-avion en Europe'. Paris, Air 'ftansport

Institute, 1991. Saint-Yves, M. 'Cintennodalite air-fer, une necessite pour l'Europe'. Aviation Inter­

national, no. 995 (1 December 1989), pp. 32-4. Spira, N., ed. 'Le transport aerien'. Les Cahiers franr;ais, no. 176 (May-June 1976), pp.

1-70. Stoffaes, C., ed. ''ftansport aerien, Iiberalisme et dereglementation'. Paris, Ecole

nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, 1987. Thomson, J.M. 'Road, rail and air competition for passengers in Europe'. Aeronau­

tical Journal, London (April 1978), pp. 139-47. Varlet, J. 'Cinterconnexion des reseaux de transport en Europe'. Paris. Air 'ftansport

Institute, 1992.

253

254 Bibliography

BRITISH AIRWAYS

Birkhead, Eric. 'The Financial Failure of British Air 1l'ansport Companies 1919-1924' Joul7UJl of Transport History, vol. 4, no. 3, 1960; 133-45.

Bray, Winston. The History of BOAC, 1939-1974, London, BOAC, 1975. British Air 'Transport in the Seventies, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Civil Air

1l'ansport (the Edwards Report), London, HMSO, May 1969. Campbell-Smith, Duncan. The British Airways Story: Struggle for Take-Off, London,

.Coronet, 1986. Cronshaw, M. and Thompson, D. Competitive advantage in European aviation - or

whatever happened to BCaI? Fiscal Studies, 12, 1991, pp. 44-66. Dobson, Alan. Peaceful Air Warfare, Oxford, Clarendon, 1991. Doganis, Rigas. The Airport Business, London, Routledge, 1992. Ellison, A.P. and Stafford, E.M. The Dynamics of the Civil Aviation Industry, Farnbor-

ough,1974. Hayward, Keith. Government and British Civil Aerospace, Manchester, 1983. Higham, Robin. Britain's Imperial Air Routes, 1918 to 1939, London, 1960. Higham, Robin. British Airways Ltd., 1935-1940, Journal of 'Transport History, Vol. 4,

No.2, 1959; 113-123. Knight, Geoffrey, Concorde: the Inside Story, London, 1976. Lyth, Peter J. 'The changing role of government in British civil air transport, 1919-

1940', in Robert Millward and John Singleton (eds) , The Political Economy of Nationalisation in Britain, 1920-1950, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Lyth, Peter J. ~ Multiplicity of Instruments: 'the 1946 decision to create a separate British European Airline', Journal of Transport History, vol. 12, no.2, 1990, pp. 1-24.

Lyth, Peter J. 'Experiencing turbulence', in James McConville (ed.), Regulation and Deregulation in National and International 'Transport, London, Cassell, 1997.

Miller, Ronald and Sawers, David. The Technical Development of Modem Aviation, London, 1968.

Nicolson. D.L, British Airways in the Eighties, Journal of the Institute of Transport, (May 1974).

Pryke, Richard. The Nationalised Industries: Policies and Perfonnance since 1968, Oxford,1981.

Shibata, Kyohei. Privatisation of British Airways: Its Management and Politics 1982-1987, EUI Working Paper EPU No. 93/9, European University Institute, Florence, 1994.

Thompson, A.w.J. and Hunter, L.C. The Nationalised 'Transport Industries, 1973.

LUFTHANSA

Bongers, Hans M. Es lag in der Luft. Erinnerungen aus fUnf Jahrzehnten Luftverkehr, DUsseldorf, Econ, 1971.

Bongers, Hans M. Deutscher Luftverkehr. Entwicklung, Politik, Wirtschaft, Organisation. Versuch einer Analyse der Lufthansa, Bad Godesberg, Kirschbaum, 1967.

Dienel, Hans-Liudger. 'Das wahre Wirtschaftswunder. Flugzeugproduktion und innerdeutscher Flugverkehr im West-Ost-Vergleich, 1955-80', in Johannes Bahr und Dietmar Petzina (eds), Innovationsverhalten und Entscheidungsstrukturen. Ver­gleichende Studien zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung im geteilten Deutschland, 1945-1990, Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1996, pp. 341-72.

Bibliography 255

Reul, Georg. Planung und Griindung der Deutschen Lufthansa AG, 1949-1955, Koln, Botermann & Botermann, 1992.

lteibel, Werner. Geschichte der deutschen Verkehrsflughiifen. Eine Dokumentation von 1909 bis 1989, Bonn, Bernard und Graefe, 1992.

Weigelt, Kurt, Von der alten zur neuen Lufthansa, Bad Homburg, published privately, 1966.

KLM

van Bakelen, EA. (ed.), Teksten vervoen-echt: Luchtrecht, Zwolle, Tjeenk Willink, 1983.

Bouwens, Bram and Dierikx, Marc, Op de drempel van de lucht. Tachtig jaar Schiphol The Hague, SdU, 1996.

Davies, R.E.G. A History of the World's Airlines, Oxford University Press, 1967.

Dierikx, Marc. Bevlogen laren. Nederlandse burgerluchtvaart tussen de wereldoorlogen, Houten, Unieboek, 1986.

Dierikx, Marc. Begrensde Horizonten. De Nederlandse burgerluchtvaartpolitiek in het interbellum, Zwolle, Tjeenk Willink, 1988.

Haanappel, Peter, Petsikas, George, Rosales, Rex, and Thaker, litendra (eds), EEC Air Transport Policy and Regulation and their Implications for North America, Deven­ter, K1uwer, 1990.

Hellema D.A., Wiebes, c., Zeeman, B. (eds), laarboek Buitenlandse Zaken: Derde laarboek voor de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse buitenlandse politiek, The Hague, SdU, 1997.

Maas, P.E (ed.) Parlementaire Geschiedenis van Nederland na 1945. Deel III: Het kabinet Drees-Van Schaik (1948-1950). Band B: Anti-communisme, rechtsherstel en infrastructurele opbouw, Nijmegen, Gerard Noodt Instituut, 1992.

Slot, P.I. and Dagtoglou,P.D. Toward a Community Air Transport Policy. The Legal Dimension, Deventer, K1uwer, 1989.

Smit, G.I., Wunderink, R.C.I., and Hoogland, I. KLM in beeld. 75 jaar vormgeving en promotie, Naarden, V+K/lnmerc, 1994.

de Vries, Leonard. Vlucht KL-50, Amsterdam, Meyer Pers, 1969. Wassenbergh, H.A, Aspects of Air Law and Civil Air Policy in the Seventies, The Hague,

Nijhoff, 1970.

ALITALIA

D'Avanzo, G. I lupi dell'aria: l'ltalia e gli italiani in un secolo di evoluzione del trasporto aereo, Rome, 1992; Vent'anni Alitalia, Freccia Alata, special edition, 1967.

Camera dei deputati, Problemi delle gestioni aeroportuali, Rome, Servizio commissioni parlamentari, 1972.

Camera dei deputati, Situazione dell'aviazione civile in Italia. Indagine conoscitiva della X Commissione permanente, Rome, 1976.

Struttura di mercato e regolamentazione del trasporto aereo, E Padoa Schioppa Kos­toris, Bologna, iI Mulino, 1995.

256 Bibliography

LOT

Czownicki, Jerzy. Ekonomiczna Efektywnosc Samolotow i lotnisk komunikacyjnych, Warsaw, Szkola Glowna Planowania i Statystyki, 1976.

Czownicki, Jerzy Dariusz Kalit1ki, Elzbieta Marciszewska, Transport Lotniczy w Gos­podarce Rynkowej, Warsaw, Szkola Glowna Handlowa, 1992.

Filipczyk, Joanna. Ponadnarodowy System Transportowy w Warnnkach Integracji Eur­opejskiej. Dissertation, Academy of Economics Katowice, private printing, 1995.

J;)nuszkiewicz, Wlodzimierz. Transport i Spedycja w Handlu Mifdzynarodowym, War­saw, 1986.

Kneifel, J.L. Fluggesellschaften und Luftverkehrssysteme der sozialistischen Staaten: UdSSR, Polen, USw. Nordlingen, Verlag R Steinmeier, 1980.

Mikulski, Mieczyslaw, Andrzej Glass, Polski Transport Lotniczy, Warsaw, Wydaw­nictwo Komunikacji i bp;nosci, 1980.

Morawski, Wojciech, Krysztof Baduch, Bogumila Krzyzewska, Romana Plejewska, Zofia Podgrodzka, Krystyna Zaborska, Prognoza Potneb pnewozowych do roku 100912000, Warsaw, Osrodek Badawczy Ekonomiki Thansportu, 1974.

Prucha, Vaclav. (ed.) The System of Centrally Planned Economies in Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe after World War II and the Causes of its Decay, Prague, Vysoka Skola Economicka v Praze, 1994.

Osinski, Jerzy. Sytuacja Ekonomiczna Transportu Lotniczego 1960-1970, Warsaw, Branzowy Osrodek Informacji Thchnicznej i Ekonomicznej Lotniczwa Cywilnego, 1972.

Osinski, Jan. Henryk Zwirko. Biuletyn Informacyjny Lotnictwa Cywilnego. 50 Lat PLL LOT. Wydanie Specjalne 20/80, Warsaw, BranZowy Osrodek Informacji Technicznej i Ekonomicznej Lotniczwa Cywilnego, 1980.

Slawilska, Jadwiga. Dzialalnosc Lotnisk Komunikacyjnych w Polsce w Latach 1991-1995, Warsaw, Glowny Inspektorat Lotnictwa Cywilnego, Osrodek Analiz I Infor­macji, 1996.

Sobcki, Eugeniusz (ed.). Podstawowe Informacje Dotycz9ce Lotnictwa Cywilnego, Warsaw, Glowny Inspektorat Lotnictwa Cywilnego, Osrodek Analiz I Informacji, 1994.

Sobecki, Eugeniusz, Jadwiga Slawinska. Rys Historyczny Rozwoju Wladzy Lotniczej w Polsce, 1919-1994 Warsaw, Glowny Inspektorat Lotnictwa Cywilnego, 1995.

Szumielewicz, Kazimierz. Polskie Linie Lotnicze S.A., Warsaw, PLL LOT Zakladowy , Osrodek Informacji Technicznej i Ekonomicznej, 1996. Zylicz, Marek. Mifdzynarodowy obrot lotniczy, Warsaw, Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i

lilcznosci, 1972. Zyliez, Marek. International air transport law, Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1992.

USA

Bender, Marilyn and Altschul, Selig. The Chosen Instrnment, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1982.

Bernstein, Aaron. Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destrnction of Eastem Air Lines, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1990.

Bilstein, Roger E. Flight Patterns: Trends of Aeronautical Development in the United States, 1918-1929, Athens, University of Georgia Press, 1983.

Bilstein, Roger E. Flight in America: From the Wrights to the Astronauts, rev. edn, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Bibliography 257

Bilstein, Roger E. 'Air Travel and the Thaveling Public: the American Experience, 1920-1970', in William F. Thimble, ed., From Airships to Airbus: the History of Civil and Commercial Aviation, vol. II, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

Bishop, John C. 'Delivery of Goods by Air: The United States Air-Cargo Industry, 1945-1955', in Essays in Business and Economic History, Los Angeles, Economic and Business Historical Society, 1989.

Daley, Robert. An American Saga: Juan Trippe and His Pan Am Empire, New York, Random House, 1980.

Davies, R.E.G. Airlines of the United States since 1914, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982.

Davies, RE.G. Rebels and Refonners of the Airways, Washington, Smithsonian Institu­tion Press, 1987.

Ingells, Douglas. 747: Story of the Boeing Super Jet, Fallbrook, Calif., Aero Publishers, 1970.

Kent, Richard J. Jr., Safe, Separated and Soaring: A History of Federal Civil Aviation Policy, 1961-1972, Washington DC, 1980.

Komons, Nick A. Bonfires to Beacons: Federal Aviation Policy under the Air Commerce Act, 192fr1938, Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1978.

Leary, William. Aerial Pioneers: The U.S. Air Mail Service, 1918-1927, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985.

Lewis, W. David. 'Eastern Air Lines', in William Leary, ed. The Airline Industry. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Industry, New York, Facts on File, 1992.

Preston, Edmund. Troubled Passage: the Federal Aviation Administration during the Nixon-Ford Tenn, 1973-1977, Washington DC, 1987.

Rochester, Stuart I. Takeoff at Mid-Century: Federal Aviation Policy in the Eisenhower ~ars, 1953-1961, Washington DC, 1976.

Serling, Robert J. Eagle: the History of American Airlines, New York, St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Sigafoos, Robert A. and Easson, Roger R Absolutely Positively Overnight: the Unoffi­cial Corporate History of Federal Express, Memphis, St. Luke's Press, 1988.

Smith, Richard K. 'The Intercontinental Airliner and the Essence of Airplane Per­formance', Technology and Culture 24, July 1983, pp. 32-47.

Solberg, Carl. Conquest of the Skies: a History of Commercial Aviation in America, Boston, Little, Brown, 1979.

Wilson, John RM. Thrbulence Aloft: the Civil Aeronautics Administration amid Wars and Rumors of Wars, 1938-1953, Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1979.

Glossary

Cabotage

Capacity or available tonne-kilometres (CTK/ATK)

Chosen instrument.

Code sharing

Combi

Computer reservation system (CRS)

Double designation

1st Freedom

2nd Freedom

3rd Freedom

4th Freedom

5th Freedom

6th Freedom

Frequent Flyer programme

Gateway

Grandfather rights

Hub and spoke

Load factor

Right of airline from country A to carry revenue passen­gers between two points in country B, (often a colony or former colony of country A)

Measure of airline output. ATK is the payload capacity multiplied by the stage distance

National airline, 'chosen' for receipt of government sup­port

Market practice in which two airlines share the same two­letter code used to identify carriers in a computer reser­vation system (CRS)

Combined passenger/cargo aircraft

System owned by airlines, used by travel agents, for dis­playing flight information and reserving seats

1\vo scheduled airlines from the same country allowed to fly an international route

Right to fly over another country without landing

Right to land in another country for technical reasons only, e.g. refuelling

Right to carry revenue passengers from your country (A) to another country (B)

Right to carry revenue passengers from another country (B) to your country (A)

Right of airline from country A to carry revenue passen­gers from country B to country C (or D)

Right of airline from country A to carry revenue passengers from country B to country C, via its base in country A

Marketing scheme designed to enhance loyalty to a particular airline

An airport in western Europe or the east coast of the United States from which intercontinental flights begin

Long-standing landing and take-off rights - slots - held by an airline at a particular airport

Route system by which an airline can channel passenger traffic through a strategically located 'hub' airport

Percentage of aircraft capacity filled with fare-paying passengers or freight

258

Non-scheduled service

Pool

Scheduled service

Slot

'IUrbofan

'IUrbojet

'IUrboprop

Utilization

Widebody

Yield management

Glossary 259

Non-regular or charter services

An international air route between two (usually Eur­opean) cities, the capacity on which, and the revenue from which, is shared between the two national airlines according to a pre-arranged formula

Regular services at generally published tariff rates

Thke-off or landing time at an airport reserved to an airline

Jet engine with a front fan in which a portion of the airflow bypasses the combustion chamber

A pure jet engine, in which thrust is derived solely from the jet exhaust

Propeller-turbine aircraft engine

Aircraft flying hours, based on revenue earning hours only

Aircraft with more than one aisle in the passenger cabin, e.g. Boeing 747, 767; Lockheed L-I011 Tristar, McDon­nell Douglas DC-IO, Airbus A300, A310

Revenue-maximizing fare-fIXing system run by a CRS

Index

ABA (Swedish airline), 126, 142 Abraham, Reinhard, 96, 98 ABC World Airways Guide, 150 Adenauer, Konrad, 95 aavance booking charters (ABC), 7 advertising

Iberia, 150 KLM, 150, 151 SAS, 150

Aer Lingus, 76 Aeroflot, 204, 206, 210, 211 Aero Lloyd, 88 AerolJoyd Warszawa, 196 Aerolot, 196 Aeroport de Paris (ADP), 31, 32, 36,

45 Aeroporti di Roma (AR), 177 Aeropostale, 18 AerospatiaIe, 98 Aero 'TI"ansporto Italiani (ATI), 165, 172,

185 Aero T.Z., 196 Aeroville, 32 Air Afrique, 43 Air Algerie, 43 Air Atlas, 43 Air Austria, 152 Airbus aircraft, 37, 44, 242

A300, 25, 60, 95, 96, 98, 172, 173 A310, 138,203 A319,98 A320, 25, 40, 98 A321,173 A34O, 25, 27, 98

Airbus Industrie, 5, 24, 25, 27, 41, 44, 90, 98

Air Canada, 117 Air Ceylon, 152 Air Charter International, 30, 39 Air Commerce Act, 225 aircraft colour, 148 aircraft procurement

Air France, 22 A1italia, 166 British Airways, 53 KLM,132 LOT, 199 Lufthansa, 93 US airlines, 229

260

Air France, 5, 15, 18-46, 62, 76, 77, 81, 87, 90,98,102,109,111,112,114,126,147, 152,154,170,186,197,207,224

Air Inter, 20, 21, 30, 32, 40, 44-6, 154 Airline Deregulation Act, 228 Air Littoral, 131, 139,154 Air Liberte, 45 Air Orient, 18 Airport environment

Air France, 31 KLM,141 US airlines, 238

Airspeed Ambassador (BEA Elizabethan), 67

Air 'TI"ansport Advisory Council (ATAC), 52 Air 'TI"ansport Command (ATC), 235-7, 241 Air 'TI"ansport Licensing Board (ATLB), 52,

53,78 Air 'TI"ansport & 'TI"avel Co. 127 air taxi, 99 Air UK, 131, 153 Air Ukraine, 204, 217 Air Union, 1, 18,43,77, 112, 152, 170, 186,

187 Air Vietnam, 43 Aktiengesellschaft fiir Luftverkehrsbedarf

(Luftag), 88, 95, 100 Alaska Airlines, 223 Ala Littoria, 159-61, 163 Albarda, Horatius, 147, 148 Alcazar (pan-European partnership), 154 A1enia

ATR-42, 173, 242 ATR-72,203, 207, 217, 242

A1italia, 4, 15, 27, 44, 76, 77, 112, 159-89, 224

Allegheny Airlines, 246 All Nippon Airways, 110, 154 ALM (Antillean Aviation Company), 130 American Airlines, 10, 79, 215, 218, 223,

224,228,230-4,241,243-5,248 America West, 223 AMR Service, 218 Amsterdam Connection, 140 ANAV (agency for air traffic control), 177 Antonovaircraft, 105

An-24, 202, 203, 205, 214 APEX (Advanced Purchase Excursion

fare), 7, 76, 79

Index 261

Association of German Airports (ADV), 104

Association of European Airlines (AEA), 186

ATC (European air traffic control), 10, 109 ATLAS (European buyers' consortium),

112, 171 Attali, Bernard, 25, 30, 40, 41 Austrian Airlines, 110, 152, 154, 217 Austrian Airways, 152 Aviolinee Italiane, 162 Avro Lancaster, 167, 168 Avro York, 54 Azienda Autonoma Assistenza al Volo

(ANA V), 166

BAC (British Aircraft Corporation), 24 One-Eleven, 58, 59, 73, 232 Super One-Eleven, 60 Three-Eleven, 60

BAe-146, 203 BahnCard (Germany), 116 Balbo, Italo, 160, 161 Brabazon Programme, 54 BCal (British Caledonian Airways), 46, 53,

64,78,79,82 Belavia, 204, 217 Berlin Agreement, 211 Berlin Airlift, 88 Bermuda Agreement, 19 Beteille, Roger, 25 Beugel, Ernst van der, 147 Blanc, Christian, 41 Bloch 161, 200 BOAC (British Overseas Airways

Corporation), 5, 23, 28, 91, 112, 126, 128, 147, 162, 173, 174, 186, 187

Boeing aircraft, 3, 15,23,41,90,98, 106, 203, 229, 236

307,229 Stratocruiser, 60 70~5,6,24,28,35,37,38,54,55,58,60,

78,96,169,232,233 720,96 72~ 25,37, 58, 172,232, 237 737, 25, 26, 38, 58-60, 96-8, 138, 139, 203,

204,214,238,244 747, 8, 14, 26, 28, 37, 44, 60, 98, 112, 137,

138,149,151,152,171,172,175,227, 233, 237, 247

757,60 767, 27, 138, 203, 204, 215 777,27 supersonic aircraft, 98, 137

Bongers, flans, 96, 100, 101, 106, 112-14 Bongers, Martin, 88-91 Boyd, Alan, 244 Braniff, lbm,237,240, 247 Branson, Richard, 80 Breguet 763, 23 Bristol Britannia aircraft, 55, 68, 70, 78 British Airports Authority (BAA), 64 British Airways, 12, 15, 27, 32, 41, 44, 46,

50--83, 87, 90, 93, 109, 112, 114, 148, 153,154,156,197,207,224,242,248

British Eagle, 78 British European Airways, 91, 112, 162-4,

167,173,178,186,187,200 British Midland, 64, 75 British Rail, 81 British South American Airways (BSAA),

51, 52, 61, 65 British Skyways, 45 British 'Iransport Commission, 81 British United Airways (BUA), 7, 59, 61,

78,79,202 British West Indian Airways (BWIA), 68 Brussels Airport, 154

Cadman Report, 50, 51 Caledonian Airways, 78 Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, 160 Capital Airlines, 234-6 Caproni aircraft, 161 Carandini, Nicolo, 163, 182 Caravelle (Sud-Aviation), 5, 23-5, 27, 35,

37,38,137,169,182,187 cargo

Air France, 43 Alitalia, 171 RJlM, 145, 148, 137 Lufthansa, 108,109

Cargolux, 108 Carlwn, Jan, 14 Carmichael, James fl., 235, 236 Casey, Albert, 241 Cathay Pacific, 44 Channel Thnnel, 81 Chicago Convention, 187 Ciampino Airport (Rome), 176, 177 CIDNA,18 Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), 225 Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), 4, 9, 62,

225,227,228,233-5,237,238 Civil Aviation Act, 52, 53 Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), 53, 73, 79,

164,166,176,177,187,226 Civil Aviation Office, 196

262 Index

Club Europe, 83 Club World, 83 collaboration and competition

between airlines: Air France, 43; A1italia, 186; British Airways, 76-8; KLM 151; LOT, 216, 217; Lufthansa, 111; US airlines, 245

with other transport modes: Air France 44; British Airways 81; A1italia 188

Cologne Airport, 115 colonial routes

Ala Littoria, 160 A1italia, 173 British Airways, 61 Air France, 27 KLM, 128, 129, 144

Comecon airlines, 109 Comecon Standing Committee on Air

Thansport, 211 comfort

business class, 30, 133, 138 economy class, 6, 28, 34, 39 first class, 30 senator class, 11 0 tourist class, 6, 28

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS),217

Commuter jets, 97 Computer Reservation Systems (CRS)

general, 39, 42, 44, 155, 182,207,217, 218,245

Alpha 3 program, 38 Amadeus, 44,45, 111,217, 246 ARCO,182 Galileo, 44, 217 SABRE (Semi-Automated Business

Reservations Environment), 245 Socrate,45

Concorde, 24,27,29, 38, 39,44,59, 74,98, 137

Condor F1ugdienst GmbH, 107, 112, 113 Continental Airlines, 44, 46, 189, 223, 247,

248 Convair aircraft, 182,231

CV-110,231 CV-24O,133,201,231 CV-340, 55, 168 990,232

Corsair, 45 Cot, Pierre-Donatien, 31, 36-8 Crandall, Robert, 241 CSA (CeskoSlovenske Aerolinie), 44, 197,

201, 205, 206, 211, 214, 217 Culmann, Herbert, 91

Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, 238 Dassault Falcon, 237, 245 de Havilland aircraft, 23, 54, 134

Comet, 23, 24, 59, 236; Mark 1, 5, 54, 55, 67,134,232,233; Mark 3,54,232,233; Mark 4, 54, 55, 58, 60, 68, 70

Dash-8,203 DH. 121 (see Hawker Siddeley Thident)

Dellaert, Jan, 142 Delta Airlines, to, 44, 46, 73, 79, 114, 154,

218,223,224,232,242,246-8 Denver International Airport, 244 d'Erlanger, Gerard, 68 Desbrueres, Henri, 19 Deutsche BA, 63, 82,114 Deutsche Bank, 95 Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), 115 Deutsche Luft Hansa, 126 Deutsche Lufttransport GmbH (DLT), 114 domestic routes

France, 40 FRG,99,114 Britain, 78 GDR,99 Italy, 165 Poland, 195-7, 205, 212, 213 USA, 234

Dornier aircraft, 25, 160 Douglas aircraft (see also McDonnell

Douglas) 3, 15, 23, 95, 106, 132, 165, 167 DC-2, 132, 200 DC-3, 65, 94, 132, 133, 168, 182, 229, 230,

235 DC-4, 132, 133, 152, 167, 168, 229-31,

235 DC-6, 95, 133, 134, 167, 168, 182, 231,

232 DC-7,5,54,55,62,68, 133, 135, 136, 145,

147,168,169,182,226,231,232,243 DC-8, 6, 55, 60, 136, 137, 145, 148, 149,

167,169-72,182,232,233,237 DC-9, 25, 59, 137-9, 145, 166, 170-2,

227 C-47, 132, 133, 167,200,230 C-54 (Skymaster), 132, 133, 229, 230

Douglas of Kirtleside, Lord, 69, 77, 78, 81 Diisseldorf Airport, 115 Dulles International Airport (Washington DC), 239

EAGT (Jedinyi Awiacjonnyi Gruzowoj Thrif (Common Air Freight Thrif), 211, 216, 219

Index 263

EAPT (Jedinyi Awiacjonnyi Pasazierskij Tarif (Common Air Passenger Tarif), 206,211,213,216,219

Eastern Airlines, 43, 60, 223, 232, 233, 244, 247

ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference), 131, 186,203

Edwards Report, 52 education

Ajitalia, 185 Air France, 34, 35 Lufthansa, 110

engines Bristol Olympus, 59; Pegasus, 167 General Electric (GE), 60 Pratt & Whitney, 161, 233 Rolls-Royce, 58, 232, 233; Avon, 134;

Conway, 169; Dart, 55; Medway, 58; Merlin, 161; RB-211, 60

Estonian Air, 204 Euralair, 154 Europair, 43 Eurostar rail service, 45, 81 Eurowings, 114, 155

Falque, Alain, 32 fares

general,11 Air France, 30 British Airways, 78 LOT, 198, 211-13 Lufthansa, 110 US airlines, 228, 234, 243, 244, 249

Federal Airport Act (1997), 239 Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 226, 227,

229, 238, 239 Federal Express (FedEx), 223, 224,

237 Fiat aircraft, 160-2, 164, 167

G-12, 161, 167 G-18, 161

Finmeccanica, 171 Fiumicino Airport (Rome), 177, 188 Flying Tiger Line, 237 Finnair, 112 fleet statistics

Air France, 26 Alitalia 1946-56, 168 Alitalia 1957-95, 170 BOAC, BEA and British Airways, 56,

57 KLM,135 LOT, 201 Lufthansa, 97

Fokker aircraft, 3, 132 F. VIIB, 200 F. VIlA, 199 F-27, F-28, 139, 148 100,139

Frankfurt Airport, 103, 105, 108, 115 Frequent Flyer programme (FFP), 43

Galichon, Georges, 34, 36, 38 Garuda Indonesia, 129, 151 Gatwick Airport, 64, 65, 79 Gente dell' aria (union), 160 German Air, 114 German Cargo, 108 German Airport Association, 90 Gibraltar Airways, 76 globalisation and strategic alliances

Air France, 39, 45 Alitalia, 189 British Airways, 79-82 KLM,151-6 LOT, 217 Lufthansa, 116, 117 US airlines, 246-9

Gold Carpet Service, 243 Golden Thlip (hotel chain), 148 government aims

Air France, 19 KLM,I28 LOT, 197 US airlines, 226

Gulf War (1991), 40 Guthrie, Sir Giles, 70

Handley Page, 2 Hannover Airport, 115 Hapag (Hamburg-Amerika Line), 113 Hapag-L1oyd,7, 113, 114 Hardie, Charles, 70 Hartsfield Airport (Atlanta), 240 Hawker Siddeley, 25, 58

1fident aircraft, 58-60, 73 Heathrow Airport, 7, 12, 63, 65, 77 Henkes, Klaus, 92 Hertz car rental, 246 high-speed trains, 13, 81, 143, 240 Hobby Airport, Houston, 238 HOItje, Gerhard, 91, 96, 98 Hogan, William J., 241 Houston Intercontinental Airport, 238 hub and spoke system, 11,21,30,32, 176,

206,246 Hughes, Howard, 80 Hymans, Max, 18, 20, 33, 36, 112

264 Index

lATA (International Air ltansport Association), 4, 6-9, 19, 22, 28, 30, 33, 35,37,41,44,76,79,106,111,181,183, 198, 206, 210-12

Iberia, 44, 110-12, 162 IBM,245 ICAO (International Civil Aviation

Organisation), 33, 111, 180 ICE (German high-speed train), 116 Ilyushin 11-12, 200

11-14,94,200,205 11-18,200,202,204,212,214 11-62, 95, 202-5

Imperial Airways, 50, 60, 61, 64, 82, 210 Irtterflug, 15, 87, 92, 99, 102, 105, 108, 109,

113, 214, 241 IRI (Istituto per la Ricostruzione

Industriale), 159, 162-5, 169, 172, 177, 179, 183, 188

Italian aircraft industry, 161 Italian Air force, 159, 160, 185 ITAVIA,166

Japan Airlines, 44, 46 Junker~ 2, 88, 94, 160, 196, 199, 200

Kahn, Alfred E., 228 Kelleher, Herbert, 238 Kennedy International Airport, 238, 239 Kenya Airways, 155 Kimpfmiiller, Emil, 114 Klein, Hemjo, 116 Klimaszewski, Bronislaw, 214 Kracht, Felix, 25 King, Sir John (later Lord), 50, 75, 79, 81,

82 KNILM,129 Kroonduif, 130 KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines), 4,5,15,27,

32,41,43,44, 76, 82, 98, 101, 102, 111, 112, 126-56, 162, 178,202,207,212, 218, 224, 248

KLM Cityhopper, 153 KLM Noorzee Helikopters, 152 KSSU (maintenance consortium), 44, 152

labour productivity general,8 Air France, 42 Alitalia, 184 British, 66,67,71,72,74 KLM,147 WT, 210, 214 US airlines, 242

LAI (Linee Aeree Italiane), 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 173

Laker, Sir Freddie, 8, 53, 79, 80, 228 Latvian Air, 204 Leber, Georg, 116 Le Bourget Airport, 31 Lesieux, Louis, 31 Linate Airport (Milan), 177 Lindbergh, Charles, 232 Linee Aeree ltansatlantiche Italiane

(LATI), 161, 163 Lino report, 177 Lisunov Li-2, 200 Lithuanian Air, 204 Littlewood, Bill, 230, 231 Litwinski, Jan, 199 Lockheed aircraft, 3, 23, 95

Electra, 134, 136, 137,200,232,236 Constellation, 106, 132, 133, 144,226,

230-2 Super Constellation, 5, 35, 95, 133, 136,

168, 169, 179 L-1649 Super Starliner, 23 L-I011 ltiStar, 60

Lorenzo, Frank, 247, 248 LOT (Polskie Linie Lotnicze), 15, 95,

195-219 LOT Ground Services (LGS), 208, 215 LTU (Luft ltansport Unternehmen), 113 Lufthansa, 1,4, 15,27,32,41,43,44,46,76,

77, SO, 87-117, 140, 147, 152, 156, 186, 197,207,217,218,224

Lufthansa City Centres, 110 Lufthansa Cityline, 114 Lufthansa Service Ltd (LSG), 111 Luton Airport, 64, 78

Macchi aircraft, 161 Malev (Hungarian airline), 189,205,211 Malpensa Airport (Milan), 177 Marignane Airport (Marseille), 99 Marshall, Sir Colin, 75, 82 Marshall Plan, 23, 33 Marta Leasing, 204 Martinair Holland, 7, 153 Martin aircraft, 229, 231, 236 Martin, Hans, 129 Martins Air Charter, 136, 153 MBB (Messerschmidt-BOlkow-Blohm), 25 McDonnell Douglas aircraft, 25

DC-10, 8, 44, 96, 98, 138, 152, 171, 172, 175,203

MD-11,l72 MD-SO, 138, 172, 173

Index 265

Meridien (hotel chain), 39--41 Meyer, Ulrich, 93 Menichella, Donato, 163 Military Aircraft Command (Polskie), 195 Milward, Sir Anthony, 69 MinelVe,45 Ministry of Aeronautics (Italy), 159, 160,

162,167 Ministry of Civil Aviation (GB), 64, 66 Minjstry of Defence (Italy), 177 Ministry of Finance

Britain, 53 France, 19,20,34 FRG,112 Netherlands, 143

Ministry of Ownership TIansformation (Poland), 208

Ministry of State Shareholding (Italy), 165 Ministry of TIansport

France, 19,20,31,34 FRG, 89, 95, 99, 112, 115 Italy, 166, 177 Poland, 199, 208 USA, 155, 228, 229, 244

Montparnasse Comity, 44 Morgenthau, Henry, 103 MTU, 25 Munich Airport, 89 Mussolini, Bruno, 161, 163

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 225

National Airlines, 246 National Airport (Washington DC), 239 National TIansportation Safety Board, 227 Nieuwenhuis, Hendrik, 128, 129 Nigerian Airways, 152 Netherlands Government Air TIansport

Organisation, 129, 132 Netherlines, 153 NLM,153 NLM City Hopper, 141, 148, 153 Norddeutscher Lloyd, 113, 114 Nordio, Umberto, 183-5 North American Airlines, 235 NV Luchthaven Schiphol, 142 North Atlantic Route

Air France, 28 A1italia, 168, 174, 180 British carriers, 61 )ULM, 141, 144, 155 Lufthansa, 101 LOT, 205 US airlines, 248

Northwest Airlines, 141, 150, 151, 153-5, 218,223,224,237,248

O'Hare Airport (Chicago), 142 oil shock (1973), 37, 44, 70, 148, 183; (1979)

30, 38 Okcrcie Airport (Warsaw), 202, 204, 206-9,

213 Olympic Airlines, 76 Orly Airport, 21, 31, 38

P-152 (East German jet aircraft), 94 Pacific Southwest Airlines, 238 Pan American Airways (Pan Am), 1, 4, 13,

23, 24, 28, 34, 54, 62, 76, 80, 100, 114, 162,178,202,223,230,232--4,236,237, 245-8

Patterson, William A., 231, 240 Pendolino (Italian high-speed train), 188 Pennsylvania Central Airlines, 235 People Express, 247 Philippine Air Lines, 152 Piaggio, 162 PIASA (Panamanian carrier), 152 Pieck, Artur, 92 Plage & Laskiewicz, 200 Plesman, Albert, 127, 129, 132, 134, 144 PLL LOT SA, 199, 215, 218 Przedsiebiorstwo Panstwowe Porty Lotnicze

(PPL),208 Podlaska Wytwornia Samolotow, 200 Point Air, 45 Polikarpov Po-2, 195 Polish Air Force, 198 pool agreements, 9 pressurized cabins, 133, 229 privatisation

A1italia, 164 British Airways, 73, 74 KLM,150 LOT, 199, 208

Professional Air TIaffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), 247

Qantas,82 Quesada, Elwood P., 226

railway transit system, 239, 240 RATP (Parisian public transport system),

31 Return Ferry Service, 51 Rickenbacker, Eddie, 91 regulation

general,6

266 Index

regulation (Contd.) Air France, 22 KLM,130 LOT, 199 Lufthansa, 92 US airlines, 227

RLAF (French Military Air Network), 18 Roissy-Charles-de-Oaulle Airport, 21, 30-2,

37, 38, 45, 46, 63 R.,omiti, Cesare, 183 Roos, Joseph, 21, 36 Royal Air Force (RAF), 51, 64, 65, 126 Royal World Airlines, 154 Ruhnau, Heinz, 91, 93 Rutas Aereas de Colombia (RAS), 152

Saab 340b, 217 Saatchi & Saatchi, 75 SABENA, 43, 44, 77, 82, 89, 100, 112,

152-4, 186, 201 SAS (Scandinavian Airline System), 34, 43,

44,79,101, Ill, 112, 117, 147,152, 154, 248

SAM (Italian charter carrier), 188 Satolas Airport (Lyon), 45 Schiphol Airport (Amsterdam), 141-3, 153,

155 Schiller, Karl, 89 Schonefeld Airport (East Berlin), 106,

109 Seebohm, Hans-Christoph, 115 SOT A-Farman, 2, 18 SIAl aircraft, 161

S-95,167 Sikorsky, 229, 236 Skala, Andrzej, 205 Sky train, 79, 80 Slattery, Sir Matthew, 68-70 Slick Airways, 237 Slowinski, Jerzy, 202 Smith, Cyrus R., 230-2, 240, 241, 245 Smith-Kroes, Nellie, 138 SNCA (Societe Nationale de Construction

Aeronautique du Sud-Est), 23 SNCF (French railways), 31, 45 SNECMA, 24, 25 SNIAS-Aerospatiale, 25 Societa Adria Aero Lloyd, 160 Societa Aerea Mediterranea (SAM), 160,

181 Societa Anonima Aero Espresso Italiana,

160 Societa Anonima Aviolinee Italiane,

160

Societa Anonima Navigazione Aerea (SANA),160

Societa Italian a Aeroplani Idrovolanti (SIAl), 160

Societa Italiana Servizi Aerei (SISA), 160 SODEXI,45 SOTAIR, 28, 39 South African Airways, 174 South American routes

A1italia, 173, 179 British,61

Southwest Airlines, 223, 240, 244, 247 Stainton, Sir Ross, 74 Stansted Airport, 64, 65 Stonecipher, Harry c., 242 Strauss, Franz-Josef, 97 Sud-Aviation, 24 Sud-Est SE. 161, 200 Siidflug, 113 supersonic aircraft (see Concorde) supersonic flights, 24 Swinton Plan, 52, 63 Swinton, Viscount, 51 Swissair, 32, 34, 44, 98, 110-12, 126, 139,

152, 154, 217

Tabso,211 TAT, 76 Tarom, 203, 205, 211 Tatra Air, 217 Thxas International, 243 legel Airport (Berlin), 115 Tempelhof Airport (Berlin), 103 TOV (French high-speed train), 32, 45 Thai International, 117 Thomas Cook, 113 Thomas, Sir Miles, 68 Thomson, Sir Adam, 78, 79 Tjaereborg, 113 Touraine Air ltansport, 40, 43, 46, 63, 82 ltansavia, 136, 153 ltans-Europa-Express (TEE), 115, 116 lteaty of Potsdam, 88 lteaty of Rome, 131, 186 ltippe, Juan, 91, 232, 233, 236, 245 TVI (Touristic Union International), 113 Thnis Air, 43 Thpolev

Th-104, 200, 214 Th-134, 94, 202, 203 Th-154: 202, 204

TWA (ltans World Airlines), 2, 4, 24, 28, 76,80,91,100,162,163,168,169,173, 178, 179, 186, 223, 230, 237, 241

Ulbricht, Walter, 91 UPS (United Parcel Service), 223, 224,

237 UTA (Union de ltansport Acrien),

20,23,26,30,32,40-2,44,46, 132

United Airlines, 2, 10,43,79, 117, 154, 218, 223, 224, 231, 232, 236, 237, 246--8

USAir, 223, 246, 248 US Air Mail, 224, 225

ValuJet, 227 Velani, Bruno, 163, 181, 182, 187 VIASA, 102, 152 Vickers aircraft

Vanguard,55, 58,60, 63, 78 Ve10, 58-60, 70, 73 Viking, 65

Index 267

Viscount, 5, 55, 60, 63, 67, 95, 96, 134, 136,137,168,169,182,186,202,232, 236

Virgin Atlantic, 12, 64, 79, 80-2 VTOL aircraft, 97, 98, 100

wages Air France, 42 Alitalia, 185

Wal, Gerrit van der, 137, 148 Wall Street Heliport, 239 Weber, liirgen, 91, 93, 109, 117 Weigelt, Kurt, 89, 112 Weiss, Stanley, 235 Western Pacific Airlines (WPA), 244 Western Airlines, 234 Wings Holdings Inc., 155

XP Express Parcel System, 146