basic toxico

7/30/2019 Basic Toxico

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1The Faculty of Public Health (Occupational Health and Safety)

Toxicology and Industrial Medicine 1

1) ( =)

2) -

3)

:

o Risk assessment o

o antidote

o

USA o Food and Drug Administration

o Environmental Protection Agency

o

o o o o o

1)Antiguity-o

2)Middle ages


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2

o ( ,, , )

3)Ages of enlightment o -(

, , )

4)Modern toxicologyo

o

()o

1) 1.1.() 1.2. (

)2) (

-)

3) ()4) (, ,

, -)

5) 6) 1) 2) 4 (

3 )oacute toxicity 24 .

osub-acute toxicity 1 osub-chronic toxicity 1-3

10 ochronic toxicity 3

10


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3

1) (carcinogen)tumor(DNA)

2) mutagenicityDNADNA

3) ()teratogenicity

4) immunotoxicity-

1) 1.1.o LD50 (mean lethal dose 50)

(50%) testo LC50 (mean lethal concentration 50)

(50%) test

(2 ,,)

1.2.TD50 (mean toxic dose) 2) ED50 (mean effective dose)

(50%)3) Therapeutic TI = LD50 TI

ED50

margin of safety = LD1 LD1ED99 ED1

ED99= 99%

LD1= 1% ( NOAEL = no observed sdverse effect level) 10 / 1. 10 2. 10 NOAEL 100 = / 100


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4o

side effect oallergic

immunogenantibodies 2-3

oindiosyncratic

o

o

olocal or systemic toxicity

1.(additive) 2 + 3 = 52.(synergistic) 2 + 3 = 6

3.(potentiation) AHBW W

4. (antagonism) AB (counter balance)

(chelate)

-


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5

2 1)

2) (DNA)

1. 2.3. 4.

1) absorption of toxic substance2) distribution3) metabolism or biotransformation4) excretion

1) 1. 2. lung 3.( )

2) 1. 2. ()3) 1. 2. 3.4) 1. 2.

3. 4. ()

() 3

1) passive diffusion 1. 2. ATP ,

, (), ,

1.1. simple diffusion ** filtration , solvent drag hydro static

pressure

pH

1.2. facililated diffusion


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** (1)

2) ()active transport

ATP (Na+ ,K+ ATPase ATP )

3) pinocytosis

//

pH(caustic)

, 2-5-1macrophages , . 50-100 . , 1

epidemis , ,

/

1)


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o vechicle o adjuvants o binding agents o coating


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3)312-24 20-50 FIFRA , TSCA , IRLG4) 25 18 2 2-2.5 5) 80-90 Ames test Sq 3 1. (gene mutation) 2.(chromosome aberrations) 3.DNA(primary DNA damage)6)


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1.

1)International Agency forResearch on Cancer IARC 50 296 o

oIARC 3 1. 2.

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23 11. 1 = 2n-1 , 2. 1 =2n+1 , 3. 2 =2n+2 , 4. 2 =2n-2)2

chromosome gap, chromosome breakdeletion , insertion

o

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() , 9-38/38 ( 3 - 16)

o(40)


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1.2. 3.()N2 78.09% , O2 20.95%, Ar 0.93% CO2 0.03%contaminantspollutants

1)o


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2) CO2, H2, N2,

, CO,,() 3)

4)ooooo

5)oo oo

o

1)v/vppm ( =*106 / = / )

2)w/vmg/m3 (. / . )

3)mppcf, million particles per cubic foot of air( / . )

1)o 8 . 40 .

(The time weight average : TWA) 72 CO = 50 ppm. TWA () 1 4

TWA = (( A x A) + ( B x B) + ....)


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o. (Threshold limit value ceiling : TLV-C) 24 TLV-C= 50ppm. 240 mg/m3 TLV-C () 2

o(Threshold limit short term exposure limit : TLV-STEL) (Emegency exposure limit : EEL)TLV 1. 2. 3. TWA = 10 ppm.TLV-C =25 ppm. STEL= 50 ppm.10( 15 4 ) () 3

American Conference of Govermental IndustrialHygienists : ACGIH2) (Boilogical exposure indicies : BEI)

oo


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5 200 NOISH Manual of Analytical Methods

1)2)1-20./

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(

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o(G.C.)

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ACGIH , ,, ,

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= 16 . = 2 .o half time 5 .

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1. carrier gas 2. injection sample () 3.Column 4. detector 5. recorder 6. chromatogram2)(

) 1. Hollow cathode lap 2. Atomizing furnace 3. Mono-chromator 4. detector 5. (signal processor)3)- HPLC( liquid-liquid Chromatography : LLC) 1. 2. filter 3. pump 4. pressure gauge 5. (thermostat)6.

column 7. detector 8.recorder

1)%


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2)4 1.2. 3. 4.

3) () oSGOT serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

12 . 5 metabolism 8 40 karmans unit

oSGPT serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase () SGOT 5 - 35 karmans unit

4)()oBUN blood urea nitrogen

BUN 7.18 %

o5) ()

( )6)

7)

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8 (100) 45 (8 x 45)/ 100 = 3.6 4 o 10

1)ooooooo,

, 2)o Industrial Hygiene , Occupational Hygiene

oErgonomics /o Occupational Safety -

3)


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o 30 60 3)o 12 o

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3)Audiometric Date Base Analysis - ADBA


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8(Occupational Diseases) /

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3). 10 4). 15 -

1.3. Heat syncope

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1.4. Heat edema 1.5. Heat cramps

()

2)2.1. Heat rash

2.2. 2.3.

3)3.1. 3.2.

1)o350 95 02)oo/

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3)

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Occupational hearingloss Noise Induced Hearing Loss = NIHL


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- 85 dB A 250-4,000 Hz- tinitus-

- 1. 2.() 3. () 4. 5.

- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

o 160 dB A/

1)o3 30

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White Finger ; VWF) 2)3)

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-

2)oAir sickness or Motion sickness

o(Hypoxia)

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9(Infectious diseases) (Microorganisms)

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o 3-5 -

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2. 3. 4. 1-5

1) AIDS = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Human

Immunodeficiency Virus 6 5

1. 2. 3. 3 1. 2. 1 37.8 0


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1 10 3. Enzyme Linked Immunosobent Assay ELISA 2)

oHBs Ag = +

, Anti HBc = + , Anti HBs= +

3) 2-8 o 4 1. 2. 3.

- 4 . 4-8

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oQ- fever = 2) 3)


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10oo

2 oo

1)o , , , , , ,

o3 orboral

1.respresentstive element S 2.transition metal D 3. intertransition metal F

2)1). e 1-3 , , , 2). e 4-8 , , ,

4 1.IV 2. V 3. VI 4. 9 , ,3)o() (

) () ()

()o(12 )

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lead colic

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7) 3 ,


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8) , 7(4000f/min

9)beryllosis 2 1). 2).


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11 solvent organic solvents 10

2 o

o o

1. 2. 3.

o -

1)o 4-16

pentane, hexane ,heptane , octane

o gasoline (heptane octane

o-

-

-

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- 1150 ppm

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2 1. 2.

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o2)o = o =

o =

o =

oo


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1)2) - (Ventilatory Function Tests)

Spirometer ( /) Monographs o Vital Capacity VC

/o Forced Vital Capacity FVC VC o Forced Expiratory Volume FEV 1 1 FVC

70 75 % 65 % o Peak Expiratory Flow Rate PEFRo ,

Ph , 3)o

o ILO

4) ()5)

1)o o o o

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1) 3

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) 3. 1 3-4 4.5. 2 6. LDL-Choleterol HDL-Choleterol

1.2.

3. 4.

2)WHO 50 160/95 .3 95 104 .

105 119 . 120 . 1. 2. 50 50 3.4. 5.6. 7.8.

3) peptic ulcer1.2.1. 10 2. 4-5 2 3.4. 5.6.7.8 9.


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1 24 .

8 .

1. 0600-1400, 1400-2200, 2200-0600 2. 0800-1600,1600-2400,2400-0800 3.2 0700-1500,1500-2300,2300-0700

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basic toxico

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