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Photosynthesis & Respiration
Introduction to Energy
Biochemistry� Why do we have to learn about chemistry in biology
class?!
� Because ALL living things are made of cells, which are made of non-living chemicals (molecules)… INCLUDING YOU!
� Example: Calcium in bones, Iron in blood, Water in cells, Oxygen in lungs, Fluorine in your teeth… etc. (22 total)
� CHNOPS! You’ll see this later in the notes.
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Cells Energy� ATP – Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
� Cell’s or the body’s energy molecule
� There is an energy requirement in living systems
� ATP is called Energy Currency
� We need ATP for EVERYTHING
Animal Cells� We make energy using our Mitochondria
� Mitochondria make energy though cellular energy conversion in cycles
� Cellular Respiration
� The release of energy takes place through the breakdown of food molecules
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Cellular Respiration
� Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP – as well as the water and carbon dioxide we breath out.
Cellular Respiration� Broken into three main parts
1. Glycolysis: Sugar splitting phase (glucose is the sugar)
� 2 ATP are made
� 2 NADH are made
� 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid are made from glucose being split; each pyruvic acid molecule has 3 carbon atoms
2. Kreb’s Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose
� The Kreb’s cycle happens 2 times – this is because there are two pyruvic acid molecules entering the Kreb’s cycle.
� After both cycles, there are 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 8 NADH , 2 FADH2 , and 2 ATP molecules
3. Electron Transport Chain: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
� In total, 34 – 38 ATP is made!
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Cellular Respiration EquationC6H12O6 + 6O2 è 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
� Reactants are on the left of the arrow:
� Glucose
� Oxygen
� Products are on the right of the arrow:
� Carbon Dioxide
� Water
� ATP
What does this equation mean?!
� If the equation for Carbon Dioxide is CO2, that means there is:
� 1 Carbon molecule (nothing in front of or behind the molecule means 1)
� 2 Oxygen molecules
� Carbon and Oxygen are joined together into a compound. Since there is not a number in front of the CO2 that means there is only 1 carbon dioxide compound.
� What does the chemical formula for water mean? H2O
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Types of Cellular Respiration
� Two types of cellular Respiration
1. Aerobic Respiration – Requires Oxygen, produces more ATP
2. Anaerobic Respiration – Does NOT require Oxygen, makes less ATP
Photosynthesis�Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of all the
food you eat and all the oxygen you breathe
�The process in which plants make their own food (glucose) and oxygen is a byproduct
�Takes place in plant cells and other photosynthesizing organisms� Specific Location: Chloroplast
� Needs sun and the pigment chlorophyll
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Photosynthesis Equation6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP è C6H12O6 + 6O2
� Reactants are on the left of the arrow:� Carbon Dioxide� Water� ATP� Chlorophyll
� Products are on the right of the arrow:� Glucose� Oxygen
Cycles� Why do plants and animals need each other?!
� They are a cycle
� What would happen to plants if all animals died (and vice versa?)
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