cours d’anglais (technique) i boulguid redouane safi morocco

Redouane Boulguid, Safi/Morocco School-Year 2013-2014

en faveur des Etudiants de

la Licence Professionnelle

Ingénierie et Conception des Systèmes

d’Information ENSA-Safi

-Par Mr. Redouane Boulguid

In the mid-1970s, computers started getting small and inexpensive enough for people to have them in their homes.

Many home computer users started using the network to communicate between computers and share messages with each other.

You may wonder how computers talk to each other. In 1963, the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) was developed. Different manufacturers use the same 128 codes to make the English alphabet, Arabic numerals, punctuation marks, and many other things.

During the last half of the 1970s, it was obvious that ARPANET wasn't big enough to handle all of this activity. The program was shifted to the National Science Foundation (NSF), which developed a larger network called the NSFNET.

In 1990, this became known as the INTERNET.

How does an E. Mail travel? Email travels along imaginary roads from your computer

to one or more servers and then to your friend's computer. Servers are the key to sending and receiving emails. You

can think of servers like bridges. Some bridges are small carrying only a few cars. Other

bridges are very large carrying many, many cars. If the bridge goes down, no traffic gets through. It's the

same on the Internet, if a server goes down your email can't travel from your computer to your friend's computer.

So, What is a Computer? Computer is an advanced electronic device that

takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use.

It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

A computer, then has four (4) functions:

a. accepts data Input

b. processes data Processing

c. produces output Output

d. stores results Storage

Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a

computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.

Process: Process is the operation of data as per given

instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system.

Output: Output is the processed data given by computer

after data processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use.

What are Computers for?Key Points to remember:1. Computer is a device which converts

DATA into INFORMATION;2. DATA is a collection of facts & figures;3. Computer is used in Business,

Administration, Management, Medecine, Space Technology…

4. Computer is a versatile machine that can be used in almost all the fields.

1. Computer can perform any task faster than any other machine;

2. INFORMATION is meaningful DATA;3. Processing refers to the manipulation of

data within the computer;4. Speed, Accuracy (truth-quality),

versatility (skillfulness), Storage, Diligence (steady application/industrious), etc. are the characteristics of a COMPUTER.

Computer System ?

All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple equations:

COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

• Hardware =

Internal Devices + Peripheral Devices All physical parts of the computer (or everything

that we can touch) are known as Hardware.

• Software = Programs Software gives "intelligence" to the computer.

• USER = Person, who operates computer.

Major Parts of the Computer:

1. Mouse

2. Keyboard

3. Scanner:

4. Digital Camera:

5. Web Camera:

6. Joysticks:

7. Track Ball (Point) :

8. Touch Pad/Screen:

9. Light Pen:

10. Bar Code Reader:

11. Microphone:

12. Graphics Tablets:

13. Magnetic Ink Character Reader (Used in Bank):

14. Magnetic Card Reader (Used in Shops, Colleges, Stations etc):

16. Biometric Devices :

[Biometrics:The process by which a person's unique

physical and other traits are detected and

recorded by an electronic device or system as

a means of confirming IDENTITY: Scanning of the human iris is a reliable form of biometrics.]

[Biometry: a. the analysis of biological data using

mathematical and statistical methods b. the practice of digitally scanning the

physiological or behavioural characteristics of

individuals as a means of identification. the statistical calculation of the probable

duration of human life.] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition - 2009.

17. Bluetooth:

Bluetooth's founding members include Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba.

Processor ?CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU).

The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. This unit is responsible for all events inside the computer. It controls all internal and external devices, performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU is the device that interprets and executes instructions.

Output Devices :1. Monitor :

2. Printer (Dot Matrix):

InkJet:

Laser:

3. Projector :

4. Plotter :

5. Speaker:

Storage Devices? 1. Primary memory (main

memory) :A. RAM (Random Access Memory/Read-

Write Memory)

B. ROM (Read-only-memory):

2. Secondary memory (storage devices)

A. Hard Disk (Local Disk)

B. Optical Disks: CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW

C. Pen Drive

D. Zip Drive

E. Floppy Disks

F. Memory Cards

G. External Hard Disk.

A. Hard Disk :

B. Optical disk :

C. Pen Drive:

D. Zip Disk (super disk):

E. Floppy Disk :

F. Memory Cards:

G. External Hard Disk:

Peripheral Devices: 1. The Modem/ Internet Adapter:

2. Switches/Hub :

3. Router :

4. TV Tuner Card :

Internal Components? 1. The MotherBoard (Main Board – System

Board): It is the main Printed Circuit Board (PCB) that holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the (CPU) & Memory, & provides connectors for other peripherals. It contains significant sub-systems such as the Processor & other components. (http://en.m.wikipedia.org)

2. Expansion Slots:

An Expansion Slot as well as a row of contacts that is designed to establish an electrical connection between the Motherboard & the electronics on the card, which are mostly integrated circuits.

An Expansion Card can provide various functions as:

Sound-Modems-Network-Interface Adapters-TV & Radio Tuning-Video Processing-Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)-Security devices-RAM/ROM Memory…

(www.technopedia.com)

3. CMOS Battery : A small battery that powers certain components

on a computer’s motherboard while the computer is turned off.

The Battery is a 3 Volt Lithium button cell and has a lifespan of up to ten years. Without it, many important computer systems would not be able to function. (www.ehow.com)

4. Cooling Fan :

5. Network Card :

6. Graphics Card :

7. Power Supply Unit (SMPS) :

8. Memory Slots :

Personal Computers and the Net - The Language of Computers, How Does Email Travel? - Servers, Bridges, Carrying, and Internet – Jrank -(Articles http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/129/Personal-Computers-Net.html#ixzz2lBdByevY).

Computer Fundamentals, Compiled by: Hemanta Baral , Stratford College London (DfES Registered Independent School), Stratford, London.

www.wikipedia.org

THANKS A LOT FOR YOUR ATTENTION

cours d’anglais (technique) i boulguid redouane safi morocco

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