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Acteurs, Thèmes et Echelles des systèmes
d’information en élevage, quel potentiel pour des
systèmes collaboratifs. L’exemple du système LIMS
Livestock Information and Management System
développé pour la communauté économique d’Afrique
australe SADC (Southern African Development
Community).
1
P. Bonnet Selmet CIRAD pascal.bonnet@cirad.fr
“Systèmes d’information et outils de pilotage du secteur
élevage : Postures et méthodes” CIRAD Montpellier 11-
13 Juillet 2011
Outlines
Introduction
Contexte, principe et préambules (terminologie) / Contexts and principles
– Contexte politique / Political context
– Contexte technique et organisationnel / Technical and organisational context
Méthodologie / methodology
– Analyse de la situation et analyse comparative des pays / situation analysis of LS information systems in member states in SADC
– Solutions d’étapes mises en œuvre / Solutions put in place and stages
premier « canal légal et hiérarchique» renforcé / a first hierarchical channel strengthened
deuxième canal collaboratif amorcé / a collaborative channel open
– Place des outils dans la participation des acteurs / Tools for the participation of stakeholders
Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction
Introduction: Information System for the livestock
sector of a « Regional Economic Community » SADC
15 SADC Member States: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Contexte, principe et préambules /
Contexts and principles
Contexte politique / Political context Regional Integration of SADC – Regional agenda and vision for the region
Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan RISDP
Dar Es Salaam declaration on Food security
Free Trade Agreement FTA, Common External Tariffs CET and Common market…
Regional Agricultural Policy
– Regional Sector-wide programs & projects (Health, Food security, Trade facilitation & SPS, ARD etc..)
Livestock Sector: PRINT “Promotion of the Regional Integration in the Livestock Sector”
Theories of « Regional Integration » as a basis for
designing an « integrated information system »
Integration’ Theories and Entry Points 1. Integration through the Market
n Importance of market related data (price) and information on trade & production
n Free Trade Area / « Comparative advantage » of countries
2. Integration by State and Planning
n Role of public services and information related to public goods
n Plan for Territorial & Regional Development (Complementarities, Transboundary Projects)
n Regional Agricultural Policy
3. Integration / Coordination by actors and organisations
n Importance of networking and partnership for coordinating regional activities (Multi-stakeholders context)
n Regional association and confederations, commodity chains, PPP
Stakes: Why a Regional perspective for LIMS? monitoring of Trade, LS
component of Food security, eco-regional management of TAD’s
(disease)…
Monitoring of Regional
Price trends
AVERAGE BEEF PRODUCER PRICES (N$/KG)
8,00
9,00
10,00
11,00
12,00
13,00
14,00
15,00
16,00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July August Sep Oct Nov Dec
N$/K
G
AVG 2006 AVG 2004 AVG 2005
Trade figures: HS0201 Meat of
bovine animals, fresh or chilled
Disease
CBPP
FMD
Contexte technique et
organisationnel / Technical and
organisational context
Information is central in this process
Need for Regional Statistics and Information on the sector to monitor achievements of programs & policies – Data & Information as “public goods” : animal health, infrastructures,
legislation..
– Data & Information as “private goods” or “privatized goods”?: market data (prices), production & trade figures..
Objective 1: make accessible an increasing amount of valuable statistics to guide the regional policies – Needs to to "share information" across organizational boundaries (e.g. public –
private sector, various ministries, stakeholders)
– Needs to "share information" across thematic boundaries (e.g. animal health - human health, animal science)
Objective 2: make available a series of Collaborative Tools that would foster the interaction between actors & within networks – Needs to "share information" across spatial boundaries (e.g. transnational)
– Needs to "share information" across electronic boundaries (interoperability, connectivity of systems)
IS Information System / Système
d'information
Un système d'information (SI) est un
ensemble organisé de ressources
(matériels, logiciels, personnel, données
et procédures) qui permet de
regrouper, de classifier, de traiter et
de diffuser de l'information sur un
environnement donné. (wikipedia)
LS Terra incognita ?
Les acteurs de l’élevage au centre
des processus et systèmes
d’information dans leurs territoires
respectifs
LOCAL
GLOBAL GLOCAL
Region at the cross roads: multilevel
actors in between Local & Global
administrative
technical
International: FAO – OIE - WHO Continent: AU IBAR
REC: SADC
ECOWAS..
Country
CSO
Ministries
Agric stats
Local Actors and their territories: Farmers and Firms, Coop. Associations..
local
Global
Can global IS be used for local decision ?
Can Local IS be upscaled
to guide decision making at national and regional levels?
What collaboration can be expected between IS ?
Global
Actors
Local
Actors
SoftWare
ContentWare
HumanWare
HardWare
Collaboration in IS – 4 Dimensions
AVERAGE BEEF PRODUCER PRICES (N$/KG)
8,00
9,00
10,00
11,00
12,00
13,00
14,00
15,00
16,00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July August Sep Oct Nov Dec
N$/K
G
AVG 2006 AVG 2004 AVG 2005
Local Area Network
WHO WHY
HOW
HOW
WHAT, WHERE, WHEN
Procedures
Méthodologie / Methodology
Situation analysis
In countries: visit of a broad array of local to national IS, decipher their roles, characterize 4 dimensions
Review of international initiatives and their usable tools & IS “models” : a broad array of themes and sources – Thematic: AH Tadinfo, Aris, Wahid, HH WHO HMN (health
metrics network)… versus Multi themes: Devinfo UN (MDG indicators)
– Regional versus national: SADC regional trade database, national custom databases
– Standardized (use of standards ISO) versus heterogeneous contents
SA 1/ Organogram of information flows,
networking and organisation
2) Data collected, themes
3) Databases applications and platforms
used and consequences in terms of
hardware and software specifications
required
4) Interconnectivity – interoperability
within the country (sub systems), and with
international systems
5) Reporting for policy analysis,
Institutional and Professional
actors of IS in SADC
Human ware
functional and hierarchical lines
Community of users and contributors
Focus on Humanware: Our Targets
Main: Public Sector with a Development Mandate – Ministries: Animal Production AP and Animal Health AH
divisions / departments within Min. of Agric. or Min. of LS
– Trade and Industry, Planning departments and NSO’s…
Secondary: Private Sector MESOACTORS – Livestock Industry of the region: e.g. SALMF, SAMIC,
Namibian Meat Board, Botswana Meat Commission BMC etc..
Have various levels of organisation / integration
– Farmers associations & Commodity associations
– Confederations of actors: SACAU
Not the farmers themselves
Tertiary: Research and Academia – Partners doing Action Research (with development issues)
Universities mobilized to supply Methodological Toolkits (contents)
– made available within IS..
SADC : LS sector & LIMS Institutional Framework
SADC ad hoc sub committees + LTC
Actors and hierarchy of Information systems
SADC
secretariat
FANR
Food Agriculture and
Natural Resources
IS
Infrastructures and Service
SHDSP
Social and Human Development
And Special Programs
TIFI
Trade, Industry Finance
Investments
SPM Livestock
Project
14 MS
4 Sub committees
One LTC
APVM EIS
Lab VPH FS
LI
MS
LI
MS
FANR Information Systems LIMS AIMS
In all Member States
Stakeholders
Private sector
Public sector
SADC LTC Sub committees
Other SADC Information Systems
LIMS National
LIMS Infra National
HumanWare: Two different schemes of organization and
collaboration to consider: hierarchical and collaborative,
fragmented
Public
sphere
Private
sphere
parastatal
Farmer’s unions /
commodity associations
/ confederations
Industry
Meat Dairy
boards
MoA DAHP / CSO
Vertical &
Hierarchical
links:
STKH subject
to Regulatory
bodies (CSO,
DVS..)
Horizontal & Functional
Links: cooperation,
alliance, networking,
collaboration
academia
Livestock data
« Contact persons » equipped for LIMS : contributors
Projects: FAO/OSRO/RAF/602/BEL
OCHA
NGO’s / CNONGD
IGC
Abattoir
SNSA
Agric.
Stats
DMPCC prices DPSA
Division Hygiene
Division Santé Animale
Laboratoire
INS
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA STATISTIQUE
Douanes-custom Ministère de la santé METTELSAT
OCC SQAV
Banque BCC
Public
Donors/projects
COPEMECO
Associations-SME’s
Private sector
Groupe SEBO Orgaman - Ranch
INERA AMENIKIN
PRONADEF
ICCN
Bush meat
Private/
Association
CEDESURK
Objective: consolidate tiles of heterogeneous
information (Raw data)
offering a full picture:
a « google earth » spirit
Bricks by Bricks ask every actor to
contribute to the building of the house
Collaborative: assemble bricks of information
Hierarch
ical: transfer ag
greg
ate
Hybrid
IS two folds: 1/ A centralized system with Agric. Surveys
and Census in all Countries & various methods applied =>
LS neglected and underrepresented
Aggregation in space and time
Estimates Sampling
2/ Few “Working datasets” as independent sets of
information used only by some organizations for their
decision be they private or public, but not “official”
Public: Veterinary
services accounts of
number of animals thru
vaccinations undertaken
during the year
Dairy cooperatives: data
on milk collected
wasted and processed
then marketed: seen as
a “private” good
Dormant datasets: – Questionnaires filled on
the ground but never
captured in any
database
All data recording
“channels” are
independent from
each other be they
in the public or
private sectors
Few exceptions with mutualisation of efforts: Continuous
recording and Multiple Data Sources posted online in
Namibia in a Google-like sharable table: Meatboard, DVS,
CSO..
Collaboration thanks to Organisation and Institutions:
Interprofessions / Commodity associations or Boards
have an heterogeneous status in SADC countries
Un premier « canal légal et
hiérarchique» renforcé / a first
hierarchical channel to
strengthen
Hierarchical
Collate from within the hierarchy
Collaborative: assemble bricks of information
Hierarch
ical: transfer ag
greg
ate
Hybrid
LIMS Regional
SADC scale 1
National LIMS scale 2
Ministries Sources of data in MS Spatial / Social Partitions of a country
Technical / Institutional partitions or
Administrative partition set up
e.g. Commodity associations partitions
e.g. Region / District / …
Architecture of LIMS: 1/ hierarchical institutions
AIMS-LIMS
Analyse Disseminate / Centrally
Access / Consult Need for a full hierachical
chain of submission
Centralized WEBmapping
Un deuxième canal collaboratif à
amorcer / a second collaborative
channel to open
Collaborative
Can the invisible be investigated ?
Does the controversy help posing
proper questions ?
Conflict or controversy:
not only one response to the question
Thanks to new information brought to knowledge of the community
Source 1
Source 2
SADC LIMS scale 1
National LIMS scale 2
Sources of data in MS Spatial / Social Partitions of a country
Technical / Institutional partitions or
Administrative partition set up
e.g. Commodity associations partitions
e.g. Region / District / …
Architecture of LIMS: 2/ allow non hierarchical institutions or
individuals to post information as flash map (Geoclip) (CMS
linked) : decentralized option & collaboration and alliance
1 LIMS scale 1
regional
2 LIMS scale2
National
3 LIMS scale3
Infra national
Institutional:
Networks /
LIMS task
force
AIMS
Use existing local database (industry,
farmers associations..)
Submit online in CMS = direct map sharing
Access / Consult
Solutions d’étapes mises en œuvre
/ Solutions put in place and stages
Consolidating and branding the networking
approach
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
L&W
Agric
R&D
SC
Producti
on
SC
epidemio
logy
SC VPH
SC Labs
CSO
Meteo-
rologica
l
L
I
M
S
-
T
h
e
m
e
s
Forum used to Foster Horizontal integration of SADC Networks:
Regional Sub Committees = thematic task forces
Contribution may
vary from SC to SC
1 2 3 4 15
L&W
NRM
Industry
SC
APVM
SC EIS
SC VPH
FS
SC Labs
CSO
L
I
M
S
-
T
h
e
m
e
s
15 national networks : “LIMS task forces & forums “ => reliable stats & information
sharing amongst users and providers from various ministries etc..
Forum used to Foster Vertical integration of SADC Networks: LIMS
national networks
Tools should support Modular
Division of Workload, Various
themes, sharing of responsibilities,
various forms of participation
From collection and Transfer of data to Dissemination and Use of
Information, or thematic discussion
Focus on Software to better achieve
collaboration
Collaborative software is software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals – Collaborative software is the basis for computer
supported cooperative work
– Wiki, e-forums, Google, web portals, social bookmarking, collaborative cartography & databases..
Metcalfe's law applies - the more people who use something, the more valuable it becomes - – Critical size of such a user’s community ? (adoption
curve)
Results and Solutions experimented
2008-2009: Collaborative statistical information chain: standardized contents, software’s & devices with interoperability functions linking Field to Databases – Database
– Field devices (Mobile phones and DPT) to National and Regional LIMS database (in collaboration with FAO)
2009-2010: Portal and WEB20 tools selected integrated assembled to serve the SADC livestock community = social and professionals networks (formal and informal), given their modus operandi, roles and duties 1. CMS (EZ publish) to manage information on LIMS site, linked to AIMS
portal and using some of its features
2. WIKI for sharing documents
3. Forum: Dgroups and pHpBB to discuss topics or technical problems
4. Web maps (Mapserver and Geoclip) for displaying and making accessible regional and local data
LIMS Excel Access based reports - database,
functions and role can be defined as broad or
narrow
•Multi-lingual
•Decentralised
•Numeric and directories
•International standards
Coll. Software: Ingredients for Fostering
Collaboration
Some ingredients within overarching AIMS
Other ingredients used specifically for LIMS
community
Database
Bricks of information
multisources
LIMS Core Database Components:
independent modules and connected thru
physical and human networks
Leadership for coordination
MoH
MoA DVS DAP
Agric Stats Customs
Ministry of trade
Official stats
NSO CSO’s
Coordination
By ?
Core AIMS task
force
and specific forum
LIMS
Database: Institutions or Individual
Users can have a role:
an array of data in the modules
Interoperability IO / Integration
of IS
IS workflow
IO la capacité que possède un système, dont les interfaces sont intégralement connues, à fonctionner avec d'autres
systèmes existants ou futurs et ce sans restriction d'accès ou de mise en œuvre
IO sémantiques syntaxiques ou techniques
SADC LIMS scale 1 FANR
LSU
National LIMS scale 2 AIMS-LIMS task forces
& statistical forum
Spatial / Socio-economic
Partitions of a country
e.g. Administrative and Technical partitions
e.g. Animal Health management zones
e.g. Commodity associations partitions
e.g. Region / District / …
e.g. Wildlife management zones
How to collate data : multiple time scales and spatial partitions
given sources and themes => multiple actors Observational Units
AIMS Portal 1 LIMS scale 1
regional
3 LIMS scale3
Infra national
partitions /
provinces
district
2 LIMS scale2
National
Wildlife & Game zoning: Ministry of Environment BW Vet. Zoning, camps: MoA DVS BW
Statistics assembled by
provinces in RSA
2c
12
13
11
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
Na
mib
ia
Republic of
South Africa
Zimbabw
e
ZambiaAngola
Republic of
South Africa
2a2b
2d3c
3c
Caprivi-Strip
300 0 300 600 Kilometers
N
EW
S
Botswana Veterinary Disease Control Zones
Veter inary disease control zones
LEGEN D
The Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics SectionDepart ment of Animal Health and ProductionPrivate Bag 0032GaboroneBotswana
Telephone: + 267 350635Fax: + 267 303744E-mail: DAHP@gov.bw
Collection of Information from Field
surveys: DPT
Interconnect systems : e.g. LIMS (AH Mod.) and
Animal Health Information systems ..
LIMS is ready to export to some Int. IS (OIE)
LIMS is respectful of what exists in countries
e.g. LIMS has 3 Modules on Animal Health (out of 11) – Module 7 Meat Inspection / Food
safety
– Module 10 Disease Outbreak notification
– Module 11 Vaccinations (e.g. TAD’s)
Querying Exporting from such systems and produce a Table respecting the structure of the SADC LIMS template will allow to import the same data into LIMS
AU IBAR
WAHIS
Scale 3:
Farm
LIMS infra national:
province
LIMS national
connected to DEVinfo
Portal and Regional LIMS
Mission in DRC July 2008 adopted linkage with Information systems in place
Few International initiatives to collecte multiple sources
National DEVinfo: MDG’s indicators and Strategy for Growth and
Reduction of Poverty in the region.
weakness 1/ time frame = yearly agregate of indicators (not raw data)
2/ under representation of LS and agriculture into MDG indicators
some novel approaches: aggregation in various zones
Livestock might be an
entire component
of DEVinfo here DRC
but in some countries
only
Portal CMS
Visibility & integration
PRINT-LIMS is one room of the
AIMS « house »
SADC AIMS - LIMS Integration to AIMS /
LIMS
AIMS
Combine visions on architecture and
principles for Agric. Envir. IS at SADC
WIKI
Knowledge system
Main purpose: use a common e-manual
for the collaborative LIMS database
Hard copies also published and disseminated (regular editing planned)
Forum
Dialogue
Dgroups Forum: sharing the same address
for the community LIMS@d2.dgroups.org
Dissemination of information
analysed
LIMS products to Feed back to MS
WebMapping
Data Sharing and reutilisation
Based on experience of
a central solution =>
need for adding a
decentralized tool
(GEOCLIP)
Webmapping tools combined:
centralized & decentralized
Centralized WMS, needs good bandwidth
Decentralized Flash
-Based « GeoClip »
1
2
e.g. assemble and
organizing layers to
produce proper maps
WMS OGC
Geoclip: Webmapping decentralized,
associated with local data (no regional
submission needed)
Portal:
Instructions
and Manuals
on how to use
Access maps themes and data
Discussion
Perspectives & Lessons to foster
collaboration Need to understand the “hidden agenda” of many actors: decipher potential collaboration, power positions
Decrease costs of IS: collaboration
Have information services and dedicated staff in organisations
Need to provoke interest of various stakeholders in member states – Should have themes broad enough to attract interest from private and public bodies
– Put Themes as modules so that one actor can lead 100% of his topic
– Allow any temporal scale or spatial scale used by stakeholders
Need to provoke broader interest within SADC secretariat – Integration within SADC : AIMS, from a project portfolio to a central collaborative IS/ portal on
LS, agriculture and the environment
Build a community and sub communities - networks around tools and processes with champions identified and trained
– Division of work allowed by the IS, roles and functions to be agreed upon, championship promoted
– Concrete deliverable issued to promote the process vis a vis decision makers
Keep rooms to Upgrade the system from working with various levels of technologies and capacity to eventually reach a fully internet-based system
– Excel & Access: simple and tabular to start with
Finally Deciphering
« participation » is essential in the
process of collaborative statistics
Andrea Cornwall /
Community
Development
Journal, Vol. 43,
Issue 3, pp. 269-283,
2008 “Unpacking
'Participation': Models,
Meanings and Practices “
Marc Schlossberg and Elliot Shuford, Delineating “Public” and “Participation” in
PPGIS, URISA Journal • Vol. 16, No. 2 • 2005
LIMS “Skeleton” – Proper Timeline for introduction + adoption of Tools
2010
Networks meetings / Community
workshops / PPP
Humanware: Continuous Support +
Building regional networks, PPP, Training
2006 2009
ContentWare: colllaboration
for standardizing LIMS contents
2006
Software: Collaborative LIMS
Database and WMS, manuals
Integration into AIMS
2008
Software: Collaborative Portal
CMS (AIMS & LIMS) WEB20 new tools
Dgroups Forum Geoclip WIKI
2009
Monitoring and Understanding adoption:
monitor over the long run
-"Innovators": EIS sub committee (Health) pulling the system.
-"Early adopters": "leaders of opinions", see the opportunity though not fully engaged.
-"Early majority": think of using people : the real target => involving them.
-"Late majority": « Skeptical » or "pragmatic", who will adopt when the majority is already in !
-"Laggards": "critical" or "traditionalists" will adopt when the technology becomes traditional
Point to reach
Data Reporting rates = Database
adoption monitored at regional level by
SADC (transfer of files), Discussion Noise
thru Forum, Google analytics…
Hierachical versus Collaboration
channel / Hybridization
What works best?
Needs more time
Hierachical channel: foster from the
roots of information Collaboration between CSO’s and Agric Stats and LS departments to unify efforts on common surveys
Living Standard Measurement Studies – Integrated Surveys of Agriculture project (LSMS-ISA)
Livestock Data Innovation in Africa Project
Collaborative models = Google - T4A
always a long process to sustain
now applied to SE data and LS
Information shared: private, public (or secret)
the « Data - Information - Intelligence » continuum
Private Public
Secret
Future appraisal: Collection of Data and
measures : is resolution acceptable useful or
not?
Is collaboration utopia?: opportunistic behavior data being issued but with level of details that does not make enough
sense , is it worth continuing ?
Conclusion
Conclusion LIMS an Hybrid system customized to the needs of people at the time of development and with a mid term vision
– Hierarchical and Collaborative
– SI in its 4 dimensions
– Set of tools not a database
Main Interest of LIMS tools at monitoring Process of Participation (what is shared and why and when)
– Improve adoption: Use competition between sub groups of the community => catalyzing / influencing / championing
Currently good level of Ownership – Warrant of potential sustainability after the end of a catalyzing project
– Though Dependency on external organizations Consultants so far, gradually to be replaced by champions, service internalized
SADC pending Info Unit to take over in collaboration with projects
Expect New Stakes to foster participation and adoption
– Need for data to monitor FTA
– Need to Debate the Design of RAP
Issue: Fragile Reliance on Hardware development in the region – uncertainty
Investments: LAN in Ministries and access to internet
Backbones
Acknowledgements
European Commission
SADC – FANR and PRINT Sister Projects
ICART and AIMS community
Member States
Partners, Networks & Civil Society
(Private Sector Academia)
Misaotra
Thank you for your attention
Merci
Muito obrigado pela vossa attenção
Asanti Sana
RE A LEBOGA Dankie…
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