Yœl◊

˙LW[ AW—

LpÆj’˚\

RVÙ¨l◊

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ̇ LW[m

2016

A•lT˚Pl TÙPËp

R™r

Kerala Reader - Tamil (BT)

Standard VI

VI

Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, KeralaWebsite: www.scertkerala.gov.ine-mail: scertkerala@gmail.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax: 0471 - 2341869First Edition: 2015, Reprint: 2016Type setting: SCERT Computer Lab

© Government of Kerala • Department of Education

˙RNıV LˆRm

_] LQ U] ARıSÙVL _V ˙a

TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ

TgNÙT £k’ œ_WÙR UWÙhPÙ

RıWÙYıP EjLX TeLÙ

YıkRıV aıUÙNX Vÿ]Ù LeLÙ

EfNX _XRı RWeLÙ

RY —T SÙ˙U _Ù˙L

RY —T BNı^ UÙ˙L

LÙ˙L RY _V LÙRÙ

_] LQ UeL[ RÙVL _V ˙a

TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ

_V ˙a! _V ˙a! _V ˙a!

_V _V _V _V ˙a!

˛ ULÙLÆ CW≈kßWSÙj RÙ·o

EflRı˘UÙZı

CkRıVÙ G]’ SÙ”. CkRıVo A˚]Y⁄m G]’ EPuTı\k˙RÙo.

G]’ SÙh˚P SÙu E´¨‡m ˙UXÙL Ußd°˙\u. ARu Y[m YÙnkR TpY˚Ll

TWmT˚Wl ◊LØp SÙu ̆ T⁄˚U˘LÙs°˙\u. ARtœjRL SÙu Guflm SPk’˘LÙs˙Yu.

Gu ˘Tt˙\Ùo, BNıÙıVo, Íj˙RÙo CYoL˚[ SÙu Suœ Ußl˙Tu.

GpXÙ⁄P‡m SÙu Ti◊Pu TZœ˙Yu. G]’ SÙh•≤Pÿm SÙh” UdL∞Pÿm TdߟPu

C⁄l˙Tu G] Eflß ·fl°˙\u. AYoL∞u SXjߤm Y[jߤmRÙu G]’ CuTÿm

APe°´⁄d°\’.

Au◊s[ UÙQYoL˙[,

RÙn˘UÙØVÙm R™r˘UÙØ LÙXjRÙp ™Ll TZ˚UVÙ]’; R≤f£\l◊ ™dL’.

TZm˘T⁄m EXL ˘UÙØLfidœ C˚QVÙ] CXdLQ CXd°V Y[m

R™r˘UÙØdœ Ei”. R™Øu A•lT˚P A⁄˚U ˘T⁄˚UL˚[j

˘R¨k’˘LÙs[‹m R™r˘UÙØ˚Vl Tp˙Yfl ®˚XL∞p ̊ LVÙfiYRtœ¨V

ß\uL˚[l ˘TflYRtœm Ht\ YiQm ClTÙPËp

Y•Y˚UdLlTh”s[’. YÙ£j’m G›ßŸm £kßj’m ˘NVpTh”m SÙm

A˚PV˙Yi•V A±˚YŸm Bt\˚XŸm ß\uL˚[Ÿm ̆ Tfl˙YÙUÙL.

YÙrj’Ls.

ÿ˚]-Yo. ©.H.TÙjßUÙ,

CVdœSo,

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m,

ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm.

State Council of Educational Research and Training(SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012.

Academic Co-ordinator

Dr. Sahaya Dhas, D, Research Officer, SCERT.

Textbook Development Committee

Tamil - VI (BT)

Members

Aji Prakash, M.H., GHS, Koovakkadu, Kollam.

Balmani. J., ALPS, Chunduvarai, Idukki.

Durairaj. S., GUPS, Pambanar, Idukki.

Fathima Beegam. A.J., GTHSS & TTI, Chalai, TVPM.

Geetha Kumari. K., GHSS, Balaramapuram, TVPM.

Jayakumar. T.K., GTHSS & TTI, Chalai, TVPM.

Kaleel Rahiman, A., BGHSS, Vannamadai, Palakkad.

Manivannan, C., GTLPS, Chalai, TVPM.

Mohanadoss. G., GUPS, Vandiperiyar, Idukki.

Raju. V., GUPS, Elappara, Idukki.

Sebastian. S., GTUPS, Vanchivayal, Idukki.

Experts

Dr. Gomathy Nayagam, E., Guest Lr. University of Madras.

Dr. Nainar. M., Reader (Rtd.), University College, TVPM.

Dr. Parasuraman, T., Prof., PILC, Pondichery.

Dr. Rajaram, S., Prof.,(Rtd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur.

Dr. Ratnasabapathy, P., Prof.(Rtd.), Chennai.

Dr. Veerappan, P., Prof., (Rtd.), NCERT, Mysore.

Artists

Rakesh, P., Nair, Artist, Neyyar Dam, TVPM.

TdLm

1. EVokR Es[eLs ............................................ 7-- ̨ 16

˘Ti¶u ˘T⁄˚U.................................................. 8

Yfl˚U´p ˘Nm˚U .................................................. 11

A˚Uß LÙ‘˙YÙm ................................................... 14

2. °WÙUj’j ̆ Ru\p ......................................... 17-- ˛ 30

YØTÙh”d L˚XLs .................................................. 18

AWiU˚] Æ⁄k’ ................................................... 22

LÙY¤dœ YkR NÙ™ ................................................... 25

3. Æk˚R EX˚L ˙SÙd°................................... 31 ˛ 47

LÙXm UÙ±l˙TÙf— ..................................................... 32

˙RÙ˚Ndœs ÆgOÙ]m ......................................... 37

Lƒ≠˙VÙ LiP Ei˚U ........................................ 40

˘NÙpXLWÙß ...................................................................... 48

Es[PdLm

CkßV AW£VX˚Ul◊f NhPmTÙLm 4 A

CkßVd œ•UdL∞u A•lT˚Pd LP˚ULs

51 A ©¨‹d·fl

(A) CkßV AW£V˚X˚Ul◊f NhPj’dœ CQe° J›œR¤m, ARu

EV¨V ˙SÙdLeL˚[Ÿm ®flY]eL˚[Ÿm Utflm ˙R£Vd

˘LÙ•˚VŸm ˙R£V ∏Rj˚RŸm UßjR¤m;

(B) Sm SÙh•u Æ”R˚Xl ˙TÙWÙhPjßtœ G›f£Îh•V EVokR

GiQeL˚[ ˘Sg£p ®fljßl ©uTtflRp;

(C) CkßVÙÆu C˚\VÙi˚U˚VŸm Jtfl˚U˚VŸm ˙So˚U˚VŸm

®˚X®fljßd LÙlTÙtflRp;

(D) CkßV AW— ˙Yi”m˙TÙ’ SÙh˚Pl TÙ’LÙdL‹m SÙh”dLÙLj

˘RÙi” ◊¨V‹m RVÙWÙ´⁄jRp;

(E) NUVm, ̆ UÙØ, YhPÙWm, C] ̇ Ytfl˚ULs YWm◊ ¡fl°\ ®˚X´p

ARtœ GßWÙL GpXÙ CkßV UdL∞˚P˙VŸm Sp≠QdLj˚RŸm,

˘TÙ’YÙ] EPu©\l◊ EQo˚YŸm Y[ojRp; ˘Ti˚U´u

Ußl◊dœ CØ‹ HtT”j’m ˘NVpL˚[ Æh˘PÙØjRp;

(F) SU’ LX˚Yl TiTÙh•u EVokR UW˚T Ußj’l ˙T‘Rp;

(G) LÙ”Ls, H¨Ls, BflLs, Y]ÆXeœLs Es∞hP CVt˚LVÙ]

—tfll◊\f „Z˚Xl TÙ’LÙj’ ˙UmT”jR¤m, YÙ›m E´oLs ¡’

CWdLm ˘LÙsfiR¤m;

(H) A±ÆVp NÙokR U]lTÙeœ, U≤R˙SVm, ÆNÙ¨j’ A±Ÿm

Es[±‹jß\m, ∫oß⁄jRjß\m B°VYt˚\ Y[ojRp.

(I) ˘TÙ’ E˚P˚UL˚[l TÙ’LÙjR¤m Yuÿ˚\˚V Æh˘PÙØjR¤m;

(J) ˘T⁄m ÿVt£Ls NÙR˚]L∞u EVokR T•L˚[ ˙SÙd°

C˚PÆPÙUp ÿu˙]\jRdL Y˚L´p R≤U≤R ·h”

SPY•d˚L´u GpXÙl TWl◊L∞¤m ÿRu˚U ®˚X GnR

ÿV¤Rp;

(K) Bfl YVßtœm Tß]Ùuœ YVßtœm C˚PlThP T⁄Yÿs[ Ru

œZk˚Rdœ, ARu ˘Tt˙\Ùo ApX’ TÙ’LÙYXo LpÆdLÙ]

YÙnl◊L˚[ HtT”jßd ˘LÙ”jRp;

B°V C˚YV˚]j’m Jq˘YÙ⁄ CkßVd œ•UL≤u

A•lT˚Pd LP˚UL[Ùœm.

AXœ

1

7

EVokR Es[eLs

CWdLm, Au◊, D˚L, RV‹ ˙TÙu\ œQeL˙[,

ÆXeœL∞P™⁄k’ ˙YflT”jß U≤R˚] U≤R]ÙL

YÙZf ˘Nn°u\]. ˘Ti¶Vf £kR˚]Lfim,

U≤R˙SVd L⁄j’Lfim APe°V L⁄jRXœLs

CqYX°p CPm ˘Tfl°u\]. NÍLjRÙp ◊\dL¶dLl

ThPYoL∞Pm Au◊ LÙhP ̇ Yi”m; BRW‹d LWm øhP

˙Yi”m Gufl UÙQYoL˚[ EQWf ˘NnY˙R

CqYX°u ˙SÙdLm.

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls :

U≤R˙SVl TÙPpLs, Lh”˚WLs CYt˚\f N¨VÙ]

EfN¨l◊P‡m, NW[UÙL‹m YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.

U≤R ˙SVd L⁄j’Ls APe°V TÙPpLfidœ C≤V

˘UhP˚Uj’l TÙ”°\ÙoLs.

˘Ti¶Vf £kR˚]L∞u A•lT˚P´XÙ] TÙPpL˚[

Jl¿” ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. Jl¿h”d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

R˚Xl◊L∞u A•lT˚P´p LÆ˚R Y¨L˚[ ®˚\‹

˘Nn°\ÙoLs.

U≤R ˙SVf ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p D”T”TYoL˚[l TÙWÙh•,

TÙWÙh”d L•Rm G›’°\ÙoLs.

Tjߨ˚LL∞p U≤R ˙SVf £kR˚]L∞u A•lT˚P-

´XÙ] ˘NnßLs ˙NL¨d°\ÙoLs. œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£j’d L⁄jRL˚[l ◊¨k’ ˘LÙi”

Æ]Ù®Wp RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

AXœ

1

8

˘Ti-¶u ˘T⁄˚UUe-̊ LV WÙLl ©\l-T-Rt-œ ˛ SpX

UÙR-Yg ˘Nn-ßP ˙Yi-”m AmUÙ

TeLVd ˚Lk-S-Xm TÙoj-R-X-̇ YÙ˛ Ck-Rl

TÙ¨p A\e-Ls Y[-⁄m AmUÙ

Ap-¤m TL-¤m E˚Zl-T-Yo Bo? Es-[j’

Au◊ R’m© ˘V›-T-Yo Bo?

Lp-¤m L≤-Vd L£k-’-⁄-°j ˛ ˘RnY

- Lt-T˚] ˙Yi-•j ˘RÙ›-TYo Bo?

£k-ßV Li-Ωo ’˚Pl-TYo Bo? ˛ TVm

£k˚R VLu-±-Pf ˘Nn-T-Yo Bo?

ÿk’ LY˚X T\k-ß-P-̇ Y ˛ J⁄

ÿj-Rm A∞dL Y⁄-T-Yo Bo?

Au-©-‡d LÙL˙Y YÙr-T-Yo Bo? ˛ Au-©u

BÆ-Ÿm ˙TÙd-Lj ’¶-T-Yo Bo ?

CuT E˚W-Ls R⁄-T-Yo Bo? ≈h˚P

Cu-]˚L VÙ˘XÙ∞ ˘Nn-T-Yo Bo?

˘Nm-̊ U-́ t ˘Tt\ œQe-L˘[-XÙm ˛ øe-Ls

˘Nn-Æ˚] VÙ˙X ß⁄j-’-≈-˙Wp

Cm-̊ Ud LPu-Ls ÿ•j-ß-P-̇ Y ˛ ÿjß

Gn-ßf —LUÙ´⁄l-¿-˙W.

L-Æ-U¶ ˙R£L ÆSÙ-V-Lm ©s-̊ [Lu≤VÙœU¨ UÙYhPm ˙RϨp ©\kRYo. A˚Uߟm

˘Uu˚UŸm RY›m CYW’ LÆ˚RLs £flYo CXd°VjßtLÙL

£\l◊Pu ®˚]‹ ·WlT”lT˚Y.

ÿd°V ËpLs : UX⁄m UÙ˚XŸm, B£V˙_Ùß, EUoLnVÙm

(˘UÙØ˘TVol◊), U⁄UdLs YØ UÙu™Vm

CYW’ LÙXm : 1876 ˛ 1954

TÙP¤dœ ˘UhP˚Uj’l TÙ”eLs.

J˙W K˚NŸ˚PV ˘NÙtL˚[d Li”©•j’ G›’eLs.

TÙP≠p EeLfidœl ©•jR Y¨Ls G˚Y? Hu Gufl G›’eLs.

TÙWßVÙ¨u œm™lTÙP˙XÙ” ClTÙP˚X Jl¿” ˘NnŸeLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

AXœ

1

9

PÙd-Po ÿj-’-Xh-—™

Au˚] ÿj-’-Xh-—™ Am-̊ U-VÙo ◊’d-̇ LÙh˚P NUv-

RÙ-]j-ßp 1886Bm Bi” BLvh 30Bm SÙs ©\k-

RÙo. AY-W’ ˘Tt-˙\Ùo Tj-’ YV-’dœ ˙Up T•d-L-

ÆPÙUp Ts-∞d·Pm ˙TÙY˚R ®fljß Æh-P-]o.

AdLÙ-Xj-ßp Lp-Ì-̈ l T•l◊ Bi-L-fidœ Uh-”˙U

J’d-Ll-Th-•-⁄k-R-’.

ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-´u A±-˚Y-Ÿm Bt-\-˚X-Ÿm

EQokR ˘RÙi-˚P-UÙu Uu]o, RU’ Lp-Ì-¨-´p

˙Nok’ T´Xf £\l◊ A‡-Uß A∞j-RÙo. Lp-Ì-̈ -́ p T -́¤m ˙TÙ˙R Gßo-LÙ-Xj-ßp

RÙm J⁄ U⁄j-’-Y-WÙL ˙Yi-”m Gu-°\ Xh-£-Vm ÿj-’-Xh—™´u U]-ßp Eßj-R-’.

RÙm J⁄ U⁄j-’-Y-WÙ°l TX-W’ ˙SÙnd-œm U⁄j-’-Ym ˘Nn’ SXm TVdL ˙Yi-”m

Gu-°\ Xh-£-Vj˚R U]-’d-œs Y[oj-’d ˘LÙi-PÙo.

ÿj-’-Xh-—™ 1912Bm Bi” U⁄j-’Yl T•l-©p ˙Ro‹ ˘Ttfl J⁄ ˘Ti

U⁄j-’-Y-WÙL ˘Y∞˙V Yk-RÙo. Ck-ß-VÙ-Æ-˙X˙V U⁄j-’Yl T•l©p ˙R±

U⁄j’YWÙ] ÿRp ˘Ti-U¶ ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-. ©u]o ˘Nu˚] G›m-È-¨p Es[

RÙn ˙Nn SX U⁄j-’-Y-U-̊ ]-́ p T´t£ U⁄j-’-Y-WÙLl T¶-VÙt-±-]Ùo. 1914 Bm

Bi” ÿj’Xh-—-™ ˛ —k-Ro ˘Wh• ß⁄-U-Qm C≤˙R SPk-̇ R-±-V-’.

ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-́ u Re˚L —k-R-WÙm-TÙ˚[l ◊tfl˙SÙn RÙd-°-V-’. RœkR £°f˚N

°˚Pd-LÙ-R-RÙp 1923˛Cp AYo C[YVßp UW-Q-ÿt-\Ùo. ◊tfl ˙SÙ -́]Ùp TÙßd-Ll-

T-”-̇ YÙ-̈ u SXm LÙdL ÿj’Xh—™ RmUÙp CVu\ Y˚L-́ p ̆ RÙi-PÙt\ ̇ Yi”m

Gufl ÿ•‹ ˘Nn-RÙo.- PÙd-Po ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-´u A±-YÙt-\˚X Ußj’ AY-W’

˘RÙi”s-[j-̊ Rl ˙TÙt±l ˘Ti-Ls, œZk-̊ R-Ls ˙SÙn U⁄j’Y BWÙnf-£d-LÙL

AY˚W Xi-Pu SL-⁄dœ A‡l-©-V-’, Au˚\V Ck-ßV AW-—.

˘Nu-˚]-´p C⁄kR Ck-ßV UL-∞o Ne-Lm PÙd-Po ÿj’-Xh-—-™˚Vf

NhP˙UX˚Y Efll-©-]-WÙL ®V-™dL ˙Yi-”m Gufl LYo-]-̈ -Pm Æi-Ql-©j-R-’.

LYo-]o ÿj-’-Xh-—-™˚V ̇ UX˚Y Efll-©-]-WÙL ®V-U-]m ̆ Nn-RÙo. CRu-ÍXm

˙UX-˚Yd-œj ˙Rok-˘R-”d-Ll-ThP ÿRp ˘Ti-U¶ Gu\ ˘T⁄-˚U˚V-Ÿm

ÿj’Xh—™ ˘Tt-\Ùo.

R]’ ˘T⁄mÿVt-£-VÙ-¤m R[-WÙR ˙TÙWÙh-Pj-RÙ-¤m ˙RY-RÙ£ JØl◊f

NhPj˚R ®˚\-˙Yt-\f ˘Nn-RÙo. AY-W’ ˘RÙPo ˙TÙWÙh-Pj-ßu LÙW-Q-UÙ-L˙Y

˘TiLs ß⁄UQ YV˚R EVoj-’m NhP-ÿm ®˚\-̇ Y-±-V-’.

˛ Bo.£.NmTj

AXœ

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10

1927Bm Bi” LÙk-ß-V-•-Ls R™-Z-Lm Yk-RÙo. LÙk-ß-V-•-Ls R]’ Tjߨd˚L´p

ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-̊ V-Ÿm AY-W’ ˘TÙ’j ˘RÙi-̊ P-Ÿm UÙRo SX-≤p AYo LÙh”m Ad-

L-̊ \-̊ VŸm ˘Yœ-YÙ-Ll TÙWÙh-•-]Ùo.

Cufl A¤-Y-X-LeL-∞-¤m AW-NÙeLl T¶-L-∞-¤m B‘dœ ®L-WÙ-Ll

˘TiLfim T¶-◊-¨-°-\Ùo-Ls Gu-\Ùp ARtœ A•j-R-[m Ch-P-Yo Au˚]

ÿj’Xh—™-RÙu Gu-T˚R U\d-L-ÿ-•-VÙ-’.

Cufl ˘Nu-˚]-´p Es[ Aq˚Y Cp-Xm ÿj-’-Xh-—™VÙp HtT”jRl

ThPRÙœm. LQ-Y-]Ùp ̊ LÆ-Pl-ThP ̆ Ti-Ls, ÆR-̊ Y-Ls, ßd-Lt\ UL-∞o A]Ù˚Rf

£fl-Yo, £fl-™-Ls B°-̇ VÙ-⁄dœ CkR Cp-Xm AT-Vm A∞d-°-\-’.

˘Ti-L-fidœd Lp-Æ-Ÿm ©\ T¶-L-fim Lt-fld ˘LÙ”d-Ll-T-”-°u-\-].

◊t-fl-˙SÙnd-˘L]f £\l◊f £°f˚N A∞dLf ˘Nu˚] A˚P-VÙ-±p R]’

˘T⁄m ÿVt£VÙp ◊tfl ˙SÙn U⁄j-’-Y-U-̊ ]-̊ Vj ˘RÙPe-°-]Ùo. Bi-”-̇ RÙ-flm

80,000 ˙SÙVÙ-∞-Ls Cm -U-⁄j-’YU˚]-́ p £°f-̊ N ˘Ttfl Y⁄-°u-\-]o.

˘Ti œXj-ßu SX-‡d-LÙLl ˘T⁄m ˘RÙi-PÙt-±V ÿj-’-Xh-—-™-´u

A⁄mT¶L-˚[l TÙWÙh• AY-⁄dœ Uj-ßV AW— 1956Bm Bi” Tj-U-È-`u

Æ⁄’ YZe°l ˙TÙt-±-V-’.

YÙ›m SÙh-L-̆ [p-XÙm UÙRo SX-‡d-LÙ-L˙Y ̇ N˚Y ̆ Nn’ ̆ NVXÙt±V PÙdPo

ÿj-’-Xh-—™ Am-̊ U-VÙo Rm 82 Bm YV-ßp 1968 _¯u 22 Bm SÙ[ufl LÙXUÙ]Ùo.

B]Ùp AYo ˘RÙPe° ˚YjR ˘TÙ’l-T-¶-Ls Cu-flm ˘RÙ-Po-°u-\] AYo

®˚]˚Yl ˙TÙt-flm Yi-Qm!

YÙ£ŸeLs Li”©•ŸeLs.

Aq˚Y CpXm GRtLÙLl TVuT”°\’?

PÙdPo ÿj’Xh—™ AYoL∞u ˘RÙi”Ls Tt±d œ±l◊

G›’eLs.

TÙßdLlTh˙PÙ⁄dLÙLf ˘NVpT”m ®flY]eL∞u ˘TVoL˚[Ÿm A˚Y

Tt±V RLYpL˚[Ÿm ˙NL¨ŸeLs. G›’eLs.

øeLs Gl˙TÙRÙY’ ©\⁄dœ HRÙY’ ERÆ ˘Nnß⁄d°»oL[Ù? EeLs

A‡TYj˚Rd œ±lTÙL G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

AXœ

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11

˘Ne-Lt-Th” UÙYh-Pj-ßp ß⁄-UÙ-L-\p Gufl Ko Fo. Aeœl ◊i-¶-V-̇ LÙ•

Gu\ ̇ Y[Ù-[o YÙrk’ Yk-RÙo. CWdL œQm ̆ LÙi-P-Yo. AYo U˚]Æ Am-U¶Ÿm

ÿLm —∞d-LÙ’ Æ⁄k-ß-”-T-Yo.

◊i-¶V˙LÙ• ©\o ®Xj˚Rd œj-R˚L G”j’ E›’ T -̈́ h” Yk-RÙo. ®X

E¨˚U-VÙ-[-⁄d-œd ̆ LÙ”j-R’ ̇ TÙLf £±V Y⁄-YÙ˙V AY-⁄dœ ™g-£-V-’. B]Ù¤m

SÙQ-Vm ©N-LÙ-Up SPk’ Yk-RÙo.

ß⁄-UÙ-L-\-≠p ß⁄-Æ-ZÙ. ̆ Y∞-Îo-L-∞-≠-⁄k’ Ud-Ls ßW-[ÙL Yk-ß-⁄k-R-]o. YkR

CPj-ßp Ko H˚Z œ∞o LÙnf-N-XÙp UVe° Æ›k’ Æh-PÙu. Aq-Y-Ø˙V ̇ TÙ˙YÙo

GY-⁄m AY-]’ UVd-Lj-̊ Rj ˘R∞-ÆdL ÿV-X-Æp˚X!

◊i-¶-V-˙LÙ• Yk-RÙo. AY-˚]d Li” AYo U]m TÙLÙn E⁄-œ-°-V-’.

RiΩo ˘R∞j’ UVd-Lj˚R ød-°-]Ùo. ˚LjRÙe-L-XÙL AY˚] A˚Zj-’d ˘LÙi”

≈h-•t-œf ˘Nu-\Ùo. U˚]-Æ-̊ Vd Lg£ LÙnf-Nf ˘NÙu-]Ùo. ˚Yj-ß-V-ÿm TÙoj-RÙo.

œQ-UÙ] ©u AY-⁄dœl TX-ÿ˚\ Su± ˘NÙp≠ AYu Æ˚P ˘Tt-\Ùu.

Ufl-SÙs J⁄ YØ-l˙TÙd-Lu ◊i-¶V˙LÙ•-́ u Cp-Xm Yk-RÙu. ""IVÙ! SÙu

Cq-Ó-⁄d-œl ◊ß-V-Yu. ß⁄-ÆZÙ TÙodL Yk-˙Ru. Gu-≤-Pm Ëfl ˘TÙt-LÙ-—-Ls

Es[]. CYt˚\ G”j-’d ˘LÙi” ß⁄-Æ-ZÙ-‹d-œl ˙TÙLl TV-UÙL C⁄d-°-\-’.

ÆNÙ¨j-R-ßp RÙe-Ls SÙQ-V-UÙ-]-Yo Gufl ˙Ls-Æl-Th-˙Pu. C˚Rl TÙ’-LÙj-’j

RW˙Yi”m'' Gufl ˙Yi-•-]Ùu.

◊i-¶-V-˙LÙ• U°rf-£-˙VÙ” ˘TÙu ÿ•l-˚Tl ˘Tt-fld ˘LÙi-PÙo. TX

SÙhL[Ù-°-Ÿm YØl-̇ TÙd-Lu ß⁄mT˙Y-́ p˚X! ◊ß-V-Y˚] Geœl ̇ TÙnj ̇ R”Y’?

J⁄-SÙs N -̈VÙ] A˚P-U˚Z! Rm-T-ß-Ls C⁄Yo U˚Z-́ p S˚]k’ Yk-R-]o.

AYoLfid-œj R˚X ’YhP ’i” ˘LÙ”j’l ◊ßV B˚P-L-̊ [-Ÿm ˘LÙ”j-R-]o.

A˙RÙ” AYo-L[’ œZk-̊ Rd-œl TÙ˚Xf „PÙd-°d ˘LÙQok’ ˘LÙ”j-RÙs

Am-U-¶. ◊i-¶V˙LÙ•-Ÿm AYo U˚]-Æ-Ÿm NÙl-©P ˚Yj-ß-⁄kR EQ-˚Y-Ÿm

˘LÙ”j’ ET-N-¨j-R-]o. AYo-Ls T”dL YNß ˘Nn’ ˘LÙ”j’ Æh”l ◊i-¶V-

˙LÙ•Ÿm, Am-U-¶-Ÿm Ri-Ω-̊ Wd œ•j’l T£-̊ Vj R¶j-’d ˘LÙi” E\e-°-]o.

LÙ˚X-́ p G›k’ TÙod-œm ˙TÙ’ U˚Z Æh-•-⁄k-R-’. Rm-T-ß-L-fim ˙TÙn-Æh•-

⁄k-R-]o.

£X SÙh-Ls LØj’ Aq-Óo H¨˚Vj Áo G”d-̊ L-́ p J⁄ ◊˚R-Vp °˚PjR’.

˘Nl-◊d-œ-Pm ®˚\-Vj Re-Ld LÙ—-Ls. ◊˚R-Vp AW-—d-œf ˘NÙk-R-UÙ-́ t˙\! ˘LÙi-”-

˙TÙn AW-N-̈ Pm ˘LÙ”j-R-]o.

Yfl-̊ U-́ p ˘Nm˚U˛ Xh—™VmUÙs

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AW-No A˚Rl ◊i-¶V˙LÙ•-VÙ˚W A˚Zj’ YWf ˘Nn’ Jl-T-̊ Pj-RÙo.

◊i-¶V˙LÙ•-́ u °ØkR B˚P-̊ V-Ÿm AW-No AY-⁄d-L-∞jR U¨VÙ˚R˚VŸm

Li” N˚T-̇ VÙo ÆVk-R-]o.

AW-No, ""CY-W’ G∞V ˙RÙt-\j-̊ Rd Li” œ˚\j’ Ußl-©P ˙Yi-PÙm. DW

˘Sg-Nm ˘LÙi-P-Yo. ß⁄-UÙL\p Gu\ F¨p ß⁄-ÆZÙ SPk-R-’. ß⁄h” SPd-°-\RÙ

LÙY-Xo-Ls Li-LÙ-¶l-◊-Pu ˘NVp-T-”-°-\Ùo-L[Ù Gu-\-±V UÙfl˙YPj-ßp ˘Nu-̇ \u.

H˚Z J⁄-Yu œ∞o LÙnf-N-XÙp S”eL AY˚] ≈h-•tœ A˚Zj-’f ˘Nufl U⁄j-

’-Y-ÿm TÙoj-RÙo.

AY-⁄-̊ PV Hr-̊ Udœ ER-Æ-VÙ-́ -⁄d-Lh-”m Gufl YØl-̇ TÙd-L-̊ ]l ˙TÙp

˘Nufl J⁄ ˘TÙu ÿ•l-̊ Td ˘LÙ”j-̇ Ru'' G‡m ˙TÙ’

C˙RÙ Ak-Rl ˘TÙu-ÿ-•l◊ Gufl ˙Yx•

U•l-©-≠-⁄k’ G”j’ øh-•-]Ùo ◊i-¶-V-̇ LÙ•

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" "C˚R øe-Ls ˘NX‹ ˘Nn-V-Æp-˚XVÙ?' ' Gufl Uu-]o ÆVdL,

""A˚PdLXUÙnd ˘LÙ”j-’f ˘Nu\ ˘TÙ⁄˚[ ET-̇ VÙ-°l-T’ œt-\-Up-XYÙ?''

""S”-Æu± Su-̆ TÙ-⁄s ˘Y@-°u œ•-̆ TÙu-±d

œt-\-ÿm Be˙L R⁄m''

Gufl Ys-fi-Y-⁄m ˘NÙp-≠-́ -⁄d-°-\Ùo.

U]-fNÙh-£dœ Æ˙WÙ-R-UÙL Ut-\-Y¨P-ÿs[ SpX ˘TÙ⁄˚[ Æ⁄m-©-]Ùp A’

AYu œ•-̊ Vd ˘L”j’l TX ’u-Te-L-̊ [-Ÿm R⁄m GuT˙R CRu ˘TÙ⁄s.

NÙu-̇ \Ùo YœjR YØ-́ p SPdL ˙Yi-”m Gu-T’ G]dœ SÙ˙] ˙TÙh-”d

˘LÙiP ßh-Pm. E -̈V-Yo YWÙ-R-T-•-VÙp Cufl C˚R AW-N-̈ -Pm Jl-T-̊ Pj’ ÆP-XÙ-

˘U] G”j’ Yk-R’ Sp-X-RÙ-́ tfl!'' Gu-\Ùo ◊i-¶-V-̇ LÙ•

N˚T-̇ VÙo ©W-™j-R-]o. "Cl-T-•-Ÿm J⁄ U≤-RWÙ!' Gufl!

""˙Yk-Ro Gu-≤-P-ÿm C˚Rd ·±-]Ùo. AkR EV-̈ V U≤-R˚W SÙ‡m Nk-ßdL

B˚Nl-Th”d œ”m-Tj-̇ RÙ” ˙TÙ˙]u. U˚Z Yk’ Æh-P-’. Yfl-̊ U-́ -¤m ˘Nm-̊ U-

VÙL ET-N-̈ j-RÙo Ys-[p. ˙U¤m AY-⁄dœf £W-Um ˘LÙ”d-L-XÙ-L-̆ Rufl ˘NÙp-≠d-

˘LÙs-[Ù-U˙X Yk-’-Æh-˙Pu. ®_j˚Rl ˘TÙn-˙Y-P™h”f ˙NÙßj’ Æh-˙PÙ˙U

Gu\ ·f-Nm'' Gu-\Ùo A˚Yl◊XYo.

" "AR-]Ùp ◊˚R-V˚Xl ◊i-¶-V-˙LÙ -• -´-Pm Jl-T -˚Pd-L -XÙ -˘U]

ÿ•˘Y”jß⁄d-°-˙\u. GY-⁄d-˙L-‡m Bh-˙N-T-™-⁄k-RÙp ˘R¨-Æd-L-XÙm'' Gu-\Ùo

AWNo.

◊i-¶-V-̇ LÙ-•˙V ˘TÙ⁄j-R-UÙ-]-Yo Gu\ œWp N˚T-́ p H˙LÙ-©j’ G›k-R-’.

" "Jl-◊ -Vo -YÙ -[˙W C˚R Ht-fld ˘LÙi” Ee-Ls Æ⁄lTm ˙TÙp

R⁄ULÙ¨VeL˚[f ˘Nn-Ÿe-Ls'' Gufl Uu-]o ◊˚R-V˚Xl ◊i-¶-V-˙LÙ-•-´-Pm

JlT˚PjRÙo.

AW-No ◊i-¶-V-̇ LÙ-•dœ Æ⁄k-ßh” Æ˚X-Ÿ-VokR B˚P BT-W-Qe-L-̊ [l

T -̈NÙ-Lj Rk’ Au-◊-Pu YØ-V-‡l-©-]Ùo.

˘NÙpXLWÙß˚Vl TÙoj’l ˘TÙ⁄s Li”©•ŸeLs.

ßW[ÙL, ETN¨jRp, DW˘SgNm, NÙu˙\Ùo, ©W™jRp, ˙YkRu

AWNu ◊i¶V˙LÙ•´Pm ◊˚RV˚X JlT˚PjR’ N¨VÙ? Hu Gufl

G›’eLs.

CdL˚R´p ·\lT”m L⁄j’ VÙ’? LXk’˚WVÙ• G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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Au-TÙ˙X Ju-fl-T-”m Ud-Ls ˙Yi-”m.

A±-YÙ˙X EVo-‹i” ◊ -̈Rp ˙Yi-”m

Ru-UÙ-]m ˘T -̆̈ Rufl ®˚]l-TÙo Gp-XÙm

R˚X ®™ok’ YÙr-Y-Rtœ YØ-Ls Ei”

Au-\Ù-Pm ∏rj-R-Wj-ßp YÙr-YÙo Gu-flm

A˚Uß Cu± U]m £R± C⁄l-TÙo Au˙\Ù

˘TÙu ˙TÙu\ Sp-X-œ-Qm ˘LÙi-PÙo Gu-flm

◊u-]-̊ Ll-TÙo G]d-·±l ˘T⁄˚U ˙Nol-̇ TÙm

EX-°V˚X EQ-WÙ-RÙo ˘Nn-Ÿm GkR

Eu-]-R-ÿm AØ-Æt˙L YØ-Y-œd-œm

ßX-Lm ˙TÙp AZ-œ-ÿ-Lm C⁄k-’m Gu]?

ß˚N-UÙ-flm YÙn-YÙoj˚R EVo‹ SpLÙ?

SXm TVd-œm Fo-̇ Yi-”m EX-œm ˙Yi-”m

Sm ˘NV-XÙp Gp-̇ XÙod-œm Su˚U ˙Yi-”m

TX-L-̊ X-Ls Lt-\-Y˚W EVojß ˙U¤m

TVu-̆ Ttfl YÙr-Y-Rtœ ÿVt£ ˙Yi-”m.

˛ ◊X-Yo ˙NÙÌo L˙Q-Nu

A˚Uß LÙ‘-̇ YÙm

TÙP¤dœl ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] ˘UhP˚Uj’l TÙ”eLs.

˘TÙ⁄s Li”©•ŸeLs.

Au\ÙPm, Eu]Rm, ßXLm, SXm

LÆ˚R˚V ÿ›˚U ˘NnŸeLs.

AuTÙ˙X EXLj˚R B[˙Yi”m

A±‹ R⁄m SpYØ´p SPdL ˙Yi”m.

..............................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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ÃWÙ-Yvß Gu\ F¨p J⁄ NU-Vm ◊j-Ro Re° C⁄kR ˙TÙ’ AkR

F¨p Tg-Nm R˚X-Æ-̈ j-RÙ-•-V-’. EiQ EQ-Æu± Ud-Ls YÙ•-]o. AkR

F¨p ˘T⁄m ˘Np-Yk-Ro-Ls C⁄k-’m EQ-Æu± YÙ”m H˚Z Ud-L-fidœ

ERY ÿu YW-Æp-̊ X. TgN LÙXj-ßp A˚]j-̊ R-Ÿm RÙ]m ˘Nn-’-

Æh-PÙp Cfl-ß-́ p SÙm Tg-Nj-ßp £d°j RÆdL ˙S -̈”˙UÙ Gufl

®˚]j’ —V-S-Xj-’-Pu YÙrk’ ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-R-]o.

J⁄SÙs ◊j-Ro Ru-ÿu˙] ·•-´-⁄kR TX

˘NpYkRoL˚[l TÙoj’, ""Tg-Nj-ß-]Ùp H˚Z G∞V Ud-Ls

˘T⁄m ’uTjßt-œs-[Ù° C⁄d-°u-\-]o. AYo-L-fidœ ERY-

˙Yi”m Gu\ GiQm Ee-L-∞p VÙ⁄d-œm °˚P-VÙRÙ?''

Gufl ˙Lh-PÙo.

AYo ˙T£-V˚Rd ˙LhP ˘Np-Yk-R-o A˚]-Y⁄m

Tßp H’m ˘NÙp-X-Æp˚X U‹-]-UÙL C⁄k-R-]o.

◊j-Ro ¡i-”m, ""Hu U‹-]-UÙL C⁄d-°u-»o-Ls.

EeL-∞p J⁄-Y-⁄d-œd ·Pl ©\-⁄dœ ER-Y-̇ Yi”m

Gu\ Gi-Qm °˚P-VÙRÙ?'' Gufl EWjR œW-≠p

˙LhPÙo.

Al-̇ TÙ’ Ak-Rd ·h-Pj-ß-≠-⁄k’ J⁄ £fl™,

" "Hu Cp˚X C˙RÙ SÙu C⁄d-°-˙\u'' Gufl

·±]Ùs.

""£fl-™-VÙ] Eu-]Ùp T£-´-]Ùp YÙ”m

CqÓo H˚Z G∞V Ud-L-∞u T£-˚Vl

˙TÙdL ÿ•-ŸUÙ?'' Gufl ˙Lh-PÙo

◊jRo.

◊jRo

15

˛ AlTÙvUkߨ

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""Gu Rk˚R ˘T¨V ˙LÙºv-Y-Wo B]Ù-¤m VÙ⁄dœm E-RYUÙh-PÙo. SÙu ≈”

≈PÙ-Lf ˘Nufl ©f-̊ N-̆ V-”j’l T£-VÙp Y⁄-T-Y-o-L-fidœ EQ-̊ Yd ˘LÙ”d-°-̇ \u.

©f˚N ˙TÙ”m Ro-U-YÙu-Ls Cq-Ó-̈ p Ei”'' Gu-\Ùs Af-£-fl-™.

AY-[’ ˙Tf˚N-Ÿm, Ro-U-£k-R-˚]-Ÿs[ Es-[j-˚R-Ÿm Li” Al-T-•˙V

˘Un£≠oj-’l ˙TÙ]Ùo ◊j-Ro.

˘NÙu-]-T-•˙V Af-£-fl™ Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ ≈PÙ-Lf ˘Nufl ©f-̊ N-̆ V-”j-RÙs.

J⁄ ̇ LÙºv-Y-Wo ≈h-”l ̆ Ti ©f-̊ N-̆ V-”d-°-\Ù˙[ Gu\ Æ -̀Vm A˚]j’f

˘Np-Yk-Ro-L-∞u Es-[j-˚R-Ÿm ˘RÙh-P-’. EQ-˚Y-Ÿm, RÙ≤-VeL-˚[-Ÿm,

˘TÙu˚]Ÿm, ˘TÙ⁄-̊ [-Ÿm YÙ¨ YÙ¨ YZe-°-]Ùo-Ls.

AY-oL-[’ Ro-U-£k-R-˚]-VÙp Æ˚W-Æ-˙X˙V AkR F¨p Tg-Nm øe-°-V-’.

ARt-LÙLl TÙ”-ThP Af-£-fl™ ™L-‹m ˙TÙt-\l-Th-PÙs.

YÙ£ŸeLs.

œ›dL[ÙLl ©¨k’ TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£j’ Æ]ÙdLs RVÙ¨ŸeLs. J⁄

Æ]Ù˛Æ˚Pl ˙TÙh• SPj’eLs.

L˚Rj ˘RÙœl◊ E⁄YÙdœeLs

C’˙TÙu\ SpYØd L⁄j’dLs ·flm L˚RL˚[f ˙NL¨j’ G]’ L˚Rl

◊jRLjßp G›’eLs.

TÙWÙh”d L•Rm G›’eLs

L˚R´p Y⁄m £fl™´u ˘NV˚Xl TÙWÙh• AYfidœ J⁄ TÙWÙh”d

L•Rm G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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°WÙUj’j ˘Ru\p

SÙh”l◊\ CVp GuT’ Sm YÙr˙YÙ” Ju±ÆhP Jufl.

œ±lTÙL ˙Y[Ùi˚Uj ˘RÙؤm SÙh”l◊\ CXd°Vÿm

©¨dL ÿ•VÙR˚Y. ˙Y[Ùi˚U´u ÿd°Vj’Yj˚Rd

Ltfld˘LÙsfim˙TÙ’ SÙh”l◊\dL˚X EQo‹L˚[Ÿm

UÙQYo∞Pm ®˚]‹ ·Wf ˘NnY’ SU’ LP˚U ApXYÙ?

A˚R U]ßp ˘LÙi” Y•Ym ˘LÙ”dLlThP˙R CqYXœ.

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[ L⁄j’L∞u A•lT˚P´p L˚R

G›’°\ÙoLs.

SÙh”l◊\d L˚XLs Tt±V TÙPlTœß˚V

A˚PVÙ[eLs, ®fljRtœ±Lfidœ HtTl ˘TÙ⁄sTP

YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.

SÙh”l◊\ Æ˚[VÙh”L˚[ ˙SoÿL YoQ˚]d

Lh”˚WVÙL G›’°\ÙoLs.

SÙhPl◊\d L˚XOoL˚[l ˙Th• LÙQ Æ]Ù®Wp

RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

SÙh”l◊\d L˚XLs Tt±V TPeLs, ˙NL¨l◊; RLYp

˙NL¨l◊ SPj’°\ÙoLs, ˘RÙœl◊ ˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

SÙh”l◊\l TÙPpLs TÙ”°\ÙoLs Jl¿” ˘Nn’ œ±l◊

G›’°\ÙoLs.

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˙LW-[j-’d ˙LÙÆp L˚X-L-∞p J⁄ L˚X Y•-Y-UÙ-Ll TÙoj’ W£l-T’ Uh-”-Up-XÙUp

J⁄ YØ-TÙ-P-L-‹m ®Lrj-Rl-T-”-Y’ ˘Rn-Vm.

˘Rn-Ym Gu-‡m ˘NÙp˙X E⁄-UÙ±j ˘Rn-Vm Gufl UÙ±-V-’. Ck-Rd L˚X

Y•Yj-’-Pu LÙQl-T-”m U≤-Ro-˛-˘Rn-Vm YØ-TÙ-PÙL SPj-Rl-T-”m-˙TÙ’ RÙu

Ht±⁄dœm ˘Rn-Yj-ßu Y•-Y-UÙLl ◊\j-˙RÙt-\j-ßp UÙfl-Y’ Uh-”-Up-XÙ-Up

ALjߤm AkRj ˘Rn-Y-UÙ-L˙Y UÙ± Æ”-°-\Ùo Gu-T’ Td-Ro-L-∞-˚P˙V LÙXe-

LÙXUÙL C⁄k’ Y⁄m Sm-©d-̊ L. Ak-Rf NU-Vj-ßp AYo ˙T—m ˘Rn-Ym. AYo

A⁄sYÙdœ ·flm YÙd-œ-Ls NÙRÙ-WQ UdL-fim ˘S⁄e°l Tdßf £Wj-˚R-Ÿ-Pu

ReL-[’ U]dœ˚\-L-˚[f ˘NÙp≠ AkRj ˘Rn-Yj-ß-Pm A‡-d°-W-Lm ˘Ttfl

U]U°rf£ A˚P-V-XÙm.

Cj-R-˚LV Sm-©d-˚L-Ÿ-Pu ®Lrj-Rl-T-”-Y˙R ˘Rn-Vm YØ-TÙ”. ˙LW-[j-ßp

˘TÙ’-YÙL GpXÙd ˙LÙÆp-L-∞u ß⁄-Æ-ZÙd-L-∞-¤m ˘Rn-Vm Gu-‡m L˚X

Y•Yj˚Rd LÙQ-XÙm Gu-\Ù-¤m ̆ T⁄m-TÙ-¤m YØ-TÙ-PÙL ®Lrj-Rl-T-”-Y’ UXl◊Wm,

Li-Êo, LÙ-No-̇ LÙ” UÙYh-Pe-L-∞pRÙu. Ck-Rl Tœ-ß-L-∞p •NmTo UÙRm ˘RÙPe°

HlWp UÙRm Y˚W TX CPe-L-∞-¤m

˘RnVm YØ-TÙ” SPd-œm.

BßU≤-Ru RÙu Li” Ag-£V

CVt˚L Nd-ß-Ls (øo, ®Xm, BLÙ-Vm,

LÙtfl, ̆ S⁄l◊) TÙoj’ TVl-ThP ™⁄Le-

Ls, UWe-Ls B°VYt˚\ YØT”m

YZdLj˚Rd ˘LÙi•⁄kRÙu. CRu

Y[of£˙V ˘RnV YØTÙ” G]XÙm.

˘Rn-Vj-ßp ÿu˙]Ùo-L-∞u YØ-TÙ-”,

UWe-L-∞u YØ-TÙ” ™⁄-Le-L-∞u YØ-

TÙ-”, ˘Ti-̆ Rn-Ye-L-∞u, Bi ˘Rn-

Ye-L-∞u YØ-TÙ-”, °WÙU ̇ RY-̊ R-L-∞u

YØ-TÙ”, ≈Wo-L-∞u YØ-TÙ” Gufl —UÙo

300 Y˚Lj ˘Rn-Ye-Ls C⁄k-RÙ-¤m,

˘Ti ˘Rn-Yj-ßu Y•-Y-UÙ-°V TL-Yß

˘RnV˙U Aß-L-UÙLl TX CPeL∞-¤m

®Lrj-Rl-T -”-°-\ -’. LÙ∞, NÙÿi-•,

SÙL˙RY˚R ˙TÙu\ ˘Rn-Ve-L-fim

©WTXm.

YØTÙh”d L˚XLs˘RnVm

˛ LUXSÙRu

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Afl-Y˚P ÿ•k-R-’m °WÙU Ud-Ls A˚]-Y-⁄m ̇ Nok’ SPj-’m ̆ Rn-Vm YØTÙ”

YZd-L-UÙL S˚P-̆ Ttfl Y⁄-°-\-’. Am˚U ˙SÙn- TW-YÙ-U-≠-⁄d-L, œZk˚R Cp-XÙR

œ˚\ øeL, YZd-œ-L∞p ˘Yt± ˘T\ G] Cu-‡m TXl-TX LÙW-Qe-L-fidLÙLj ˘Rn-

Vm YØ-TÙ” SPj-Rl-T-”-°-\-’.

Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ ̇ Yi” ̇ LÙfid-œm

J⁄ œ±l-©hP Y˚L ˘Rn-Vm YØ-

TÙ” SPj-’-Y’ YZdLm Gufl ·fl-

°-\Ùo-Ls C˚R ®Lrj-’-T-Yo-Ls.

Am-˚U-˙TÙu\ ÆVÙ-ß-Ls TW-

‹m˙TÙ’ ◊ßV TL-Y-ß, Y„¨ UÙX

˙TÙu\ ˘Rn-Ve-Ls YØ-TÙ-PÙL

®Lrj-Rl-T-”m. œZk˚R Cp-XÙR

œ˚\ øeL UdLTL-Y-ß-Ÿm, SÙLTL-Y-

ß-Ÿm ®Lrj-Rl-T-”m. —L-©-W-N-Ym

BYRtœ Ef£hP Gu‡m ˘RnVm

®Lrj-Rl-T-”m Gu-flm ˘RnV YØ-

TÙ” SPj-’m L˚X-Oo-Ls ·flY˚Rd ˙Lh” Bf-N-̈ -Vl-T-”-°-̇ \Ùm.

Gj-R˚] Y˚L ˙Yi-”-˙LÙs-Ls ˛ Gj-R˚] Y˚L ˘Rn-Ve-Ls! Cj-R-˚LV

YØTÙ” ˙LÙÆ-≠u ÿu-◊-\j-ß-¤m °WÙ-Ue-L-∞-¤m LÙQl-T-”°u\ RW-YÙ-”,

˙LÙhPeL∞¤m S˚P-̆ T-flm.

ÿu-˙]Ùo-L-∞u YØ-TÙh-•t-LÙL SPj-Rl-T-”m˙TÙ’ ≈h-•u ÿu-◊-\j-ßp

˘RnVm SPjRl-T-”m. C’ Bi-Ls Uh-”m Teœ ˘LÙi” SPj-’m SP] YØ-TÙ-”,

CRt-̆ Lufl R≤-VÙL J⁄ ˙U˚P-̇ VÙ, ß˚Wf-∫-̊ X˙VÙ °˚P-VÙ-’. ß\kR˘Y∞´p

S˚P˘Tflm. TÙo-̊ Y-VÙ-[o-Ls Be-LÙe˙L ®ufl ˘LÙi˙PÙ, °˚Pd-œm CPj-ßp

AUok’ ˘LÙi˙PÙ TÙol-TÙo-Ls.

Ck-Rj ˘Rn-Vm ˙LÙÆ≠u ÿu◊ ®Lrj-Rl-T-”m˙TÙ’ TX U¶ ˙SWm

˘RÙPok’ SPd-œm. C˚P-̇ V Aq-Yl-̇ TÙ’ £±V C˚P-̇ Y˚[Ls Ei-”. CR˚]

®Lrj’-T-Yo-Ls L”-̊ U-VÙ] ÆW-Rj-̊ Rd L˚P-©-•l-TÙo-Ls.

©WTX ˘RnVm BhPd L˚XOo W≈kRWu T¶dLo AYoL˚[l ˙Th•

LÙiTRtLÙL J⁄ Æ]Ù®Wp RVÙo ˘NnL.

˘RnVm GuT’ ˙LW[j’d L˚XLfis Jufl. ˘T¨VYoL∞Pm

˙LhP±k’ C’˙TÙu\ ˙LW[d L˚XLs Tt± J⁄ Th•Vp RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

"LRL∞' Tt±V RLYpLs, ˘NnßLs ˙NL¨j’d Lh”˚W G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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J´-XÙ-L-‹m Lm-¿-W-UÙ-L-‹m, AZ-LÙ-L-‹m B”-°\ Bh-Pm J´-XÙh-Pm.

SÙh”l◊\Æ-Vp Bn-YÙ-[o-Ls, J´p-œm™ Gufl A˚Zd-Ll-Th-P˙R Rt-̇ TÙ’ J -́

XÙh-Pm Gufl UÙ±VRÙLd ·flYo.

˘Ti-Ls ̇ Nok’ Yh-P-UÙL Ap-X’ ̇ So-Y-̈ -̊ N-VÙ-L ®ufl B”Y’ J´XÙhPm.

B”Y˚Rl TÙoj’ J -́XÙh-Pm J´p œm-™-VÙ] YW-XÙ-flm Ei-”. TW-Y-XÙ-Ll TÙodœm

˙TÙ’ GpXÙ UÙYh-Pe-L-∞-¤m J -́XÙh-Pj-̊ Rd œm™ Gu˙\ ·± Y⁄-°-\Ùo-Ls.

J´-XÙh-Pm BP-Yo-L-fid-œ-¨-V-RÙ-œm. £Xm-TÙh-Pm G‡m ≈Wm ™œkR

BhPj˚Rd Lt-fld ˘LÙs-Y-Rtœ ÿu J -́XÙh-Pm Lt˙\ BL ˙Yi-”m. H˘]-≤p

£Xm-Tm Lt-fld ˘LÙs-fim BP-Y-̈ u EPp-®˚X, ˚LLÙp-Ls J -́XÙh-Pj-ßu ÍXm

TZ-°d ˘LÙs-fim J⁄ ÿu T´t-£-VÙ-Ll TVu-T-”-°-\-’. ˚LLÙp-L˚[ Æ⁄m©V

TdLUÙL-‹m ̇ Up YÙh-Pj-ß˙XÙ Ap-X’ TdL YÙh-Pj-ß˙XÙ A˚Nj-’d ̆ LÙs-YRtœ

TVu-T-”-°-\-’. Gl-̇ TÙ-’m EPp-®-̊ X˚V U]-U-°rf-£-̇ VÙ-”m ˙NÙo‹ ˘LÙs-[ÙU-¤m

J´-XÙh-Pm TÙoj-’d ˘LÙs-°-\-’. C’ Tt-±V A±‹m Bt-\-¤m Sm -Ud-Ls

A±k’ ˚Yj-ß-⁄lT’ Gu-T’ AYo-L -∞u L˚Xl TVu-TÙh˚P Suœ

◊XlT”j’°\’.

J ´ - X Ù h - P j - ß u

£\l◊ Gu-T’ Cq-YÙh-Pm

T´u\ Tj’ SÙhL∞

˙X˙V £XmTÙhPj˚Rd

Lt-fld ˘LÙs[XÙm. ◊≠-

˙YPm Lt-\-Yo-Ls YÙs

T´t-£˚Vf ∫d-° -W˙U

Ltfld ˘LÙs-[ -ÿ-•-Ÿm.

J -́XÙh-Pm B”TYo

CP-’-LÙ˚X ÿu ˚Yj’l

TÙRj˚R Su-\ÙL Fu-±d ˘LÙs-Yo. A˙R ˙SWm R]’ YX’ LÙ˚Xl ©u˙] ˚Yj-

’d ˘LÙi” œßLÙ˚Xj Ád-°-V-T• C⁄l-TÙo. YX-’- LÙ-≠p ˘RÙn‹ LÙQlT”m.

A’-˙TÙp CP’ ˚L˚V ÿu-˙SÙd°j Ád°jRu YX’ ˚L˚Vf Ntfl

©u◊\UÙL C›j’ Ak-®-̊ X-́ p ˚Ld-œh-̊ P-̊ Vl ©•j-’d ˘LÙi-•-⁄-lTo.

J´XÙhPm˛ L[g£Vm

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Al-T-•˙V £Xm-TÙhP ®˚X-´p CP’ LÙ˚X

ÿu˙] ˚Yj’ YX’ LÙ˚Xl ©u-Rs∞ TÙRm

R˚W´p Fu-±-́ -⁄d-œ-UÙfl ®t-TÙo. A’-̇ TÙufl CP’

˚L˚V ÿu øh-•, YX’ ˚L˚Vl ©u-‡d-œj Rs∞

˚L´p R•d-Lm˚Tl ©•j’ ®t-TÙo.

J -́XÙh-Pm Lt-fld ˘LÙs-Y-R-tœ YV’ R˚P-́ p˚X.

Cj-R-˚]- ˙To-RÙu Cßp C⁄dL ˙Yi-”-˘Uufl

Lh”l-TÙ-•p-̊ X. Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ œ›-‹d-œm J⁄ YÙj-ßVÙo

®ufl CkR Bh-Pj-̊ Rj ˘RÙPe° ˚Yl-TÙo. TÙh-̊ P-Ÿm AY˙W TÙ•d-LÙhP, ©u-

TÙh”d-LÙ-Wo-Ls TÙ”-YÙo-Ls. J -́XÙh-Pm B”m L˚X-Oo-Ls J˙W UÙߨ E˚P A¶V

˙Yi-”m. T≤-Vu Ut-flm A˚Wd-LÙp Nh˚P A¶-V-̇ Yi-”m. Yi-Qd ˚Lœh˚P

˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-[-XÙm. LÙp-Ls CWi-•-¤m NXe-̊ L-Ls Lh-•d ˘LÙs-[-̇ Yi-”m.

Bh-Pm ˘RÙPe-œm-ÿu

Y¨-˚N-VÙL ®t-TÙo-Ls. Bh-Pm

˘RÙPe-œm˙TÙ’ UkR ®˚X

´¤m £±’ ̇ YLm LÙh• B”m

˙TÙ’ Uj-ß-U ®˚X-´-¤m ™L-

˙Y-L-UÙL B”m ˙TÙ’ ’¨R

®˚X-́ -¤m S˚P-̆ Tflm. CWÙUÙ

V-Qm ˙TÙu\ L˚Rl TÙPp-

L˚[l TÙ”˘TÙ⁄[ÙL ˚Yj’

B”-Y˚R J´pœm™ Gu-flm

·fl-Yo.

˙U¤m J´-XÙh-Pj-ßp Tu-≤-Wi” AP-‹-Ls C⁄l-T-RÙ-L-‹m A˚Y- Íufl

Y•Y ÿ˚\-L-∞p BP ˙Yi-”-̆ Uuflm ˘S±l-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s[].

J´XÙhPm J⁄ R™ZL SÙh”l◊\dL˚X Bœm. C’˙TÙX SU’ Ai˚P

UÙ®XeL∞u £X SÙh”l◊\dL˚XL∞u ˘TVoL˚[ G›’L.

"J´XÙhPm ˛ ˘RnVm' CkR CWi” L˚XL˚[Ÿm Jl©h”d œ±l◊j

RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

R™ZL SÙh”l◊\d L˚XL˚[l Tt±V RLYpLs, TPeLs

˙TÙu\Yt˚\j ßWh•j ˘RÙœl◊ E⁄YÙdœeLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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˙NÙÿ Gu-T-Yu ˘TÙn ˘NÙp-Y-ßp Yp-X-Yu. Ut-\-Yo-L˚[ ÿh-PÙ-[Ùd°

˙Y•d˚L TÙol-T-ßp AY‡dœ Bo-Ym Aß-Lm. VÙ˚Wl TÙoj-RÙ-¤m G˚R-VÙ-Y’

˘TÙn-VÙ-Lf ˘NÙp≠Æh-”f ˘Np-YÙu.

J⁄ SÙs AYu YV-≠p C⁄k’ ß⁄m-©d ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙu. Gß˙W CWi”

£fl-Yo-Ls Yk-R-]o. AYo-L-̊ [l TÙoj’ ˙NÙÿ, ""˙Pn TNe-L-[Ù, °Qj-’l Td-L-UÙLl

˙TÙLÙ-æe-L. Ae˙L Í‘ R˚X SÙLm C⁄d-œ’'' Gufl ˘NÙp≠ ˚Yj-RÙu.

£fl-Yo-Ls CkR Æ`-Vj˚R Fo ÿ›-Y-’m TWl-©-Æh-P-]o. ARu ©\œ

VÙ⁄˙U °Qt-fll Td-Lm ˘Np-Y-ßp-̊ X. RÙu ˘NÙu] J⁄ ˘TÙn-́ -]Ùp Fo-Ud-Ls

°Qt-\-•d-œf ˘Np-XÙ-Up C⁄l-T-˚Rl TÙoj’f ˙NÙÿ ˘T⁄˚UŸm LoYÿm

A˚PkRÙu. Cl-T-•-VÙL AYu ®_m-˙TÙ-Xf ˘NÙp-¤m ˘TÙn-Ls SÙfidœ SÙs

AßL¨j’ YkR].

J⁄ SÙs AYu Nk-˚Rd-œf ˘Nufl Æh”j Ru F⁄d-œj ß⁄m-©d

˘LÙi•⁄kRÙu. Gß˙W °WÙUYÙ£-Ls C⁄-Yo Yk-R-]o.

AYo-L-∞p J⁄-Yu, ""IVÙ Ge˙L ˙TÙ»eL?'' Gufl ˙NÙÿ˚Yd ˙Lh-PÙu.

YkR YÙnl˚T S›Y Æ”-YÙ]Ù ˙NÙÿ. G]˙Y Et-NÙ -Lj -˙RÙ”,

""AWiU˚]´p J⁄ ˘T¨V Æ⁄k’ ˙TÙPl-˙TÙ-°-\Ùo-Ls. ARtœ CkR F¨p

Es[Yo-L˚[ A˚Zj-’l ˙TÙL Yk-˙Ru. øe-Ls Æ⁄k-’dœl ˙TÙL-Æp-˚XVÙ?''

AWi-U˚] Æ⁄k’

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Gufl Ad-L-̊ \-̇ VÙ” ˙Lh-PÙu.

""CkR Æ -̀V˙U Ge-L-fidœj ˘R -̈VÙ˙R'' Gu-\Ùu J⁄-Yu.

""Cl-̇ TÙ’ ˘R¨k’ Æh-P-̇ R, EP˙] °[m-◊e-Ls'' Gu-\Ùu ˙NÙÿ.

""AWi-U˚] Æ⁄k’ Gu-\Ùp Afl-—˚Y EQ-‹m TÙV-N-ÿm Ap-XYÙ

°˚Pdœm. A˚R VÙWÙ-Y’ ˙Yi-PÙm Gu-TÙo-L[Ù?'' Gu\Ùu Ut-̆ \Ù-⁄-Yu

C⁄-Y-⁄m EP˙] AWi-U-̊ ]˚V ˙SÙd° K•-]o.

Al-T• K”m˙TÙ’ Nj-Rm ˙TÙh-”j ˘R⁄-Æp Es-[-Yo-L-̊ [-Ÿm A˚Zj-R-]o.

CR-]Ùp ˘T¨V ·h-Pm ˙Nok’ AWi-U-̊ ]˚V ˙SÙd-°f ˘Nu-\-’.

£±’ ̇ SWj-ßp AWi-U˚] YÙN-≠p Ët-fldLQd-LÙ] Bi-L-fim ̆ TiLfim

˙Nok-’-Æh-P-]o.

AW-Nu Gu] LÙW-Qj-ßt-LÙL AWi-U˚] YÙN-≠p Cj-R˚] ˘T¨V ·h-Pm

·•´⁄d°-\’ Gufl ÆNÙ-̈ dL Uk-ß-̈ ˚V A‡l-©-]Ùu.

""øe-Ls A˚]-Y-⁄m Ju-\Ù-Lf ˙Nok’ Ce˙L YkR LÙW-Qm Gu]?'' Gufl

Ukߨ Ud-L-̊ [l TÙoj-’d ˙Lh-PÙo.

""AWi-U-̊ ]-́ p Æ⁄k’ ̆ LÙ”l-T-RÙL A±k-̇ RÙm. AR-]Ùp Yk-̇ RÙm. Æ⁄k’

RVÙ-WÙ-°-Æh-PRÙ?'' Gufl AYo-Ls ˙Lh-P-]o.

VÙ˙WÙ J⁄-Yu CYo-L˚[ HUÙt± Æ⁄k’ ˘LÙ”l-T-RÙ-Lf ˘NÙu-]˚R Sm©

CkR Al-TÙÆ Ud-Ls Ce˙L Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo-Ls. CYo-L˚[l T£-˙VÙ” ß⁄l©

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A‡l© SÙÿm HUÙt-\d ·PÙ’ Gufl ÿ•‹ ˘NnRÙo Uk-ß-̈ .

G]˙Y AWi-U-̊ ]f N˚U-Vp-LÙ-Wo-L˚[ A˚Zj’f ∫d-°-W-UÙL Æ⁄k’ RVÙ¨dL

Ht-TÙ” ˘Nn-RÙo. AWi-U-̊ ]d-œf ˘Nufl AW-N-̊ ]f Nk-ßj’, ""VÙ˙WÙ J⁄ Æ`™

AWi-U-̊ ]-́ p Æ⁄k’ ˘LÙ”l-TÙ-RÙ-Ll ˘TÙn ˘NÙp≠ Fo Ud-L˚[ A‡l© ˚Yj-

ß-⁄d-°-\Ùu. AY˚]d Li-”-©•j’j Ri-•dL ˙Yi-”m'' Gufl ·±-]Ùo.

AW-Nu EP˙] R]’ Jt-\o-L˚[ SÙ” ÿ›-Y-’m A‡l© ˚Yj-RÙu. AYoLs

ÆNÙ-̈ j-’d ˘LÙi˙P ˙NÙÿ˚Y A˚Pk-R-]o.

˙NÙÿ˚Yl TÙoj-’, ""AWi-U˚] Æ⁄k-’dœ ø Hu ˘Np-X-Æp˚X?'' Gufl

˙Lh-P-]o.

""SÙu ˘NÙu] ˘TÙn˚V Gu-≤-P˙U ß⁄m-©f ˘NÙp-°-»o-L[Ù? Gu˚] HUÙt\

ÿ•-VÙ-’. SÙu RÙu CWi” °WÙ-UYÙ-£-L-∞-Pm CkRl ˘TÙn˚V AÆrj’ Æh-̇ Pu.

TÙYm AYo-Ls A˚R Ei˚U Gufl Sm-©-V-˙RÙ-”, Ut-\-Yo-L-˚[-Ÿm A˚Zj-’d

˘LÙi” AWi-U-˚]d-œf ˘NuflÆh-PÙo-Ls. ÿh-PÙs TNe-L, SpXÙ HUÙk’

C⁄lTÙeL'' Gufl ˘NÙp-≠f £¨j-RÙu AYu.

EP˙] LÙY-Xo-Ls AY˚]d ˚L’ ˘Nn’ A˚Zj’ Yk’, ""AW˙N! Ud-L˚[

ÿh-PÙ-[Ùd° HUÙ-\f ̆ Nn-R-Yu CYu RÙu'' Gufl ̆ NÙp-≠, AY˚] AW-Nu ÿu]Ùp

®flj-ß-]o.

AW-Nu ˙NÙÿ-̊ Yl TÙoj’, ""Gu Ud-L˚[l ˘TÙn ˘NÙp≠ HUÙt-±-V-Rt-LÙL

E]dœ Ëfl L˚N-V-•-Ls ˘LÙ”j’f £˚\-´p Rs[ Ej-R-W-Æ-”-°-˙\u'' Gufl

LhP˚[´h-PÙu.

LÙY-Xo-Ls ˙NÙÿ-Ætœ Ëfl L˚N-V-•-Ls ˘LÙ”j’f £˚\-́ -¤m Rs-∞- Æh-P-

]o. C’-Y-̊ W-́ p ˘TÙn ˘NÙp≠ U°rk-R-Ru TV˚] ˙NÙÿ Cl-̇ TÙ’ A‡-T-Æj-’d

˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°-\Ùu.

AWiU˚] Æ⁄k’ Gu\ CkRd L˚R˚V SÙPLUÙL UÙtfleLs. Yœl©p

S•ŸeLs.

L˚R˚V ÿ›˚U ˘NnŸeLs.

H˚Z ˛ YÙj’ ˛ ß]ÿm J⁄ ReL ÿh˚P ˛ ˙TWÙ˚NlT”Rp ˛ ®˚\V ÿh˚P

˛ ˘UÙjRUÙL G”dL ®˚]jRp ˛ YÙj˚Rd ˘LÙp¤Rp ˛ Y´t˚\d °ØjRp ˛

GpXÙm CZk’ ˙TÙRp.

L˚R˚V ÿ›˚U ˘Nn’, SpX R˚Xl◊m ˘LÙ”eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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LÙY-¤dœ YkR NÙ™

U˚X-̇ VÙ-Wm ˘LQfl ˘Yh•

U -̊́ Xd LÙ˚[ ˘Wi” Lh•

Aj˚R ULu Kh-”m Ri¶

Aj-R-̊ ]-Ÿm Nod-L-̊ W˙V

L˚[ ˘V”d-œm ˘T¨V œ[m

LQd ˘L›-’m BX-U-Wm

˘LÙj-R-•d-œm ˘LÙh-PÙ-Wm

·fl-̊ Yd-œm L[j’ ˙U”

Li-QÙ• Y˚[-Vp ˙TÙh”

L˚[ G”dL YkR ◊s˙[

Li-QÙ• ™u-]-≠˙X

L˚[ G”l-◊l ©k-’-R•

˘Ys-∞l ◊• Y˚[-Vp ˛ SpX

ÆP-̊ Xl ©s˚[ ˚L Y˚[-Vp

˘NÙp≠ A•f-N-Y-̊ [ ˛ SpXÙ

LZh” ßpX ˘Sp-L-̊ [˚V!

LÙY¤dœ YkR NÙ™

LßWfll◊

˛ ˘RÙœl◊ : £u]lTl TÙWß

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Bi˛ Th-”l ˚TVÙm ˘Ys-∞d œf-NÙm

ßp-XÙ-Xe-°• ˙XXm

Tß-]Ùfl ˘Yj-ß-˚X-VÙm

ßp-XÙ-Xe-°• ˙XXm

£u-]l ˚TVu œ”jR ˚T

ßp-XÙ-Xe-°• ˙XXm

£¨dœ ˙RÙ• C”l◊ ˙U˙X

ßp-XÙ-Xe-°• ˙XXm

˘Ti˛ UX-̇ VÙ-Wm ˘LQfl ˘Yh•

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

UÙ‡d ˘LÙm◊ Hj-Rm Yf—

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

UÙUu ULu C˚\jR Ri¶

ßp-XÙ-X-eL• ˙XXm

Ug-NÙj ˙RÙh-Pm TÙŸ-̇ RÙ•

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

ßpXÙXeL• ˙XXm

œu-̇ ]Ù-Wm °Qfl ˘Yh•

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

˘LÙn-VÙd ˘LÙm◊ Hj-Rm Yf—

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

˘LÙ›k-R-]Ùfl C˚\d-œm Ri¶

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

˘LÙn-VÙj ˙RÙh-Pm TÙŸ-̇ RÙ•

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

U˚X-̇ VÙ-Wm ˙TÙ\ UÙUÙ

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

U -́X-Wi” ◊•f— YÙnVÙ

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

œu-̇ ]Ù-Wm ˙TÙ\ UÙUÙ

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm

œ -́≠-Wi” ◊•f— YÙnVÙ

ßp-XÙ-Xe-L• ˙XXm.

˛ ˘RÙœl◊ : LÆOo N˚PVlTu

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˙Y[Ùi˚U˙VÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV ˘NVpL˚[l Th•V≠”eLs.

E›Rp

SÙtfl S”Rp

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C’˙TÙX EeLs Tœß´p ˘NnVlT”m ÿd°V ˘RÙØp Tt±V

RLYpLs, TPeLs ßWh• J⁄ ˘RÙØp UXo RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

RÙXÙh”lTÙPp, SP‹lTÙPp, EZ‹j˘RÙØp Tt±V TÙPpL˚[f

˙NL¨ŸeLs. G]’ TÙh”l◊jRLjßp G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

·P ˙U˙X ·P Yf—

˘LÙ›k ˘R”dLl ˙TÙ\ ◊s˙[

·PV C\d° Yf—

œ∞okR YÙoj˚R ˘NÙp≠l ˙TÙ˙Vu

HXU˚Xdœl ˙TÙ˙\u

HXl T—e °∞˙V

HXl È YÙ˚PVÙ˙X

Gu˚] U\kßWÙ˙R

HjRU• Lp U⁄R

C\dLU• ¡]Ùd ˘LÙp˚X

ÁW™pX A¨£d NÙl◊

’Vk’ YÙ• SPk’ ˙TÙ˙YÙm.

Gu] U\kßWÙR!

˛ ˘RÙœl◊ : Gv.Gm.LÙod°

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Ys-[eL∞

IX-^Ù...-I-X-^Ù...-H-˙X-˙XÙ...-I-X-^Ù...

R˚Zj˙RÙe-°V ˘Ru-˚]-L-fim, RiΩojRPÙLe-L-fim. ß˚LdL ˚Yd-œm

CVt-˚L-Ÿm Uh-”-Up-X, ˙LW-[Ù-Æu AZ-œ. Yt-\ÙR øo ®˚X-L-∞p E´o-˘LÙiP

KÆ-Ve-L-[ÙL ™Rd-œm TP-œ-L-fim-RÙu.

BXl-◊-˚Z´u ◊u-]-U-Pd-LÙ-V-≠p. —t-flXÙl TV-¶-L-˚[f —i-•-´-›dL

Gu˙\, Y⁄PÙ Y⁄-Pm S˚P-̆ T-fl-°-\’ TP-œl-̇ TÙh-•.

Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ Bi”m BLvh CWi-PÙm N≤d-°-Z-̊ U-Vufl SPd-œm Ck-Rl

TÙm-◊l TP-œl ˙TÙh-•-́ p Ët-fld-L-Qd-LÙ] TP-œ-Ls Teœ ˘LÙs-°u-\-].

A˘Ru] TÙm◊l TPœ?

Ët-\m-T’ ˙To Y˚W AU-⁄m A[‹dœ ø[-UÙL C⁄d-œm TP-œ-Ls, CWi˙P

˙To AU-⁄m A[-‹-RÙu AL-Xm ˘LÙi-P-RÙL C⁄d-œm. Cl-T•l TÙm-̊ Tl ˙TÙufl

øi” AL-Xm œ˚\-YÙL C⁄l-T-RÙp, C˚Y TÙm-◊l TP-œ-Ls G]l-T-”-°u-\-]. Lflj’

øiP Ck-Rl TP-œ-L-∞p ˙_Ù• ˙_Ù•-VÙL AUok’ J˙W ’”l-T-̊ N-Æp, RÙ[m Rl-TÙ-

Up ’”l◊ ˙TÙ”-Y-ß-≠-⁄d-°-\’ ˙TÙh-•-́ p TPœ ˘_´d-œ-UÙ, ˙RÙt-œUÙ Gu-T’!

TP-̊ Ld Lh-”l-T-”jR Ik’ ˙To, ˙YLj-̊ Rd ·h-P˙YÙ œ˚\d-L˙YÙ EPp-T-Xj˚R

Sm-©l TV-≤p-̊ X. RÙ[ÿm Æ£¤m Rl-©-]Ùp, TPœ ßd-œ-ÿd-LÙ-•l ˙TÙœm.

˛ Al’p ˚a

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◊u-]-U-Pd-LÙ-V-≠u L˚W-L-∞p ßWi-•-⁄d°-\Ùo-Ls Ud-Ls. EX-°u Tp-˙Yfl

SÙ”-L-∞-≠-⁄k-’m Yk’ œÆk-ß-⁄d-œm TÙo-̊ Y-VÙ-[o-L-fidœ Ck-Rl TP-œl ̇ TÙh•Ls

J⁄ Y⁄Pd L]-‹. J⁄ SÙs EtNÙL Æ⁄k-’.

N[d N[d-̆ Lufl J˙W RÙ[-L-ß-́ p RiΩ˚Wd °Øj’l TP-œ-Ls ̆ N¤j-RlT”m

K˚N ˙Lh”d LÙV-≠u L˚W-L-∞p ˚LRh-•-Ÿm Æ£-X-•j-’m Bol-T-¨d-°-\’

TÙo˚YVÙ[o ·h-Pm. TP-œ-Ls Ju˚\ Jufl ÿk-ßf ˘Np-¤m-˙TÙ’ W£-Lo-L-∞u

CRVj ’•l◊ G°-fl-°-\-’.

Ck-Rl TP-œl ˙TÙh-•-́ u YW-XÙfl TZ-̊ U-VÙ-]-’. LPpUh-Pj-ß-≠-⁄k’ HZ•

RÙr-YÙ] Tœ-ß, BXl-◊-˚Z. œfl-®X Uu-]o-Ls CRu L˚W-L˚[ Bi” YkR

LÙXjßp Td-Lj-’d œfl-®X Uu-]-̊ ]j R˚W -Y-Ø-VÙ-Ll ˙TÙ¨h” ˘_´dL ÿ•-VÙR

LÙW-QjRÙp, LÙVp YØ-VÙ-Ll TP-œ-L-∞p ˙TÙn ˘_´j-RÙ-]Ùm LÙVm-œ-[m Uu-]u.

˙TÙ¨p TPœ-L˚[ ˙YL-UÙ-Lf ˘N¤jR ˙Yi-•V AY-£-Vj-RÙp TP-œl ˙TÙh-•-Ls

SPj-Rl-Th” ˙YL-UÙL ˘N¤j-’-Y-ßp ˙Rof£ ˘Tt-\-]o Ud-Ls.

1952 Cp ˙LW-[Ù-‹dœ YkR Ck-ß-Vl ©W-R-Uo ˙S⁄˚Y U°r-ÆdLl TÙm-◊l

TPœl ˙TÙh• SPj-Rl-Th-P-’. ˙TÙh-•-́ p U]-̊ Rl T±-̆ LÙ-”jR ˙S⁄, ˘Pp-≠d-œl

˙TÙ]’m TÙm-◊lTPœ UÙß-̈ ˙V J⁄ T -̈—d ˙LÙl-̊ T˚Vf ˘Nn’ Y⁄PÙ Y⁄-Pm

Ck-Rl ˙TÙh•˚V SPj-’-UÙfl Et-NÙ-Ll-T-”j-ß-]Ùo.

TÙm-◊l TP-œl ̇ TÙh-•, ̆ Yl-◊l TP-œl ̇ TÙh•. C⁄h-”d œjßl TP-œl ̇ TÙh•

Gufl R≤j-R-≤-VÙL SPd-œm ˙TÙh•-Ls ˙LW[d LXÙf-NÙWjßu A˚PVÙ[e-L-∞p

Ju-\ÙL UÙ±l-̇ TÙ-]-’. (˙TÙ¨p D”-T-”m ≈Wo-L-∞u ER-Ædœ Y⁄m TP-œ-Ls ̆ Yl◊l

TP-œ-Ls, ˘LÙs-̊ [d-LÙ-Wo-Ls TVu-T-”j-ßV TP-œ-Ls C⁄h-” œjßl TP-œ-Ls)

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TÙm-◊l TP˚L E⁄-YÙdLl Tß-

]Ùfl Xh-Nm Y˚W ̆ NX-YÙ-°-\-RÙm. ̇ TÙh-

•-́ p Teœ ˘T\ Íufl Xh-Nm Y˚W

˘NX‹ ˘Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls. ˙TÙh-•dœf £X

SÙh-Lfidœ ÿu˙T TP-œ-L˚[ G”j’

Su-\ÙL ˘Y -́≠p LÙV ˚Yj-’d ˙LÙØ-

ÿh-̊ P-L˚[ E˚Pj’ ARu ̆ Ys˚[d

L⁄˚Yl TP-°u A•l TÙLjßp ̇ Rnd-

°-\Ùo-Ls. ARu -©\œ UNœ Gi-̆ Qn-

VÙp TP-œdœ J⁄ œ∞Vp. Cl-T• SPd-

œm œ∞-V-≠p TPœ T[T-[l-◊m Ri-Ω˚Wd °Øj-’f ˘Np-¤m ·¨V Ru-̊ U-Ÿm

˘Tfl-°-\-’.

Bi-L-fid-LÙ] TP-œl ˙TÙh-•-L-̊ [l ˙TÙX˙Y ˘Ti-L-fid-œm R≤j-R≤l

˙TÙh-•-Ls Ei-”. BXl-◊-̊ Z´u —t-fl-XÙj RXj-ßu Y⁄-UÙ-]j-ßp ˘T⁄m Teœ

Ck-Rl TP-œl ˙TÙh-•-́ -≠-⁄k-’-RÙu.

Ck-Rl ˙TÙh-•-´p Te-˘L-”d-œm TP˙LÙh•-Ls Re-L-∞u EPp-S-Xm œ•l

TZdLj-RÙ-˙XÙ, ◊˚L-´-˚Xl TZd-Lj-RÙ˙XÙ ˘Lh-”-Æ-Pd ·PÙ’ Gu-T-ßp ™Ld

LY]UÙL C⁄d-°-\Ùo-Ls. AY-W-Yo œX-˘Rn-Yd ˙LÙÆ-≠p È˚_ ˘Nn-’, ˘NÙkRl

TPœ-L-˙[Ù” ˙TÙh-•-L-fidœ Y⁄-°-\Ùo-Ls. ˘Yt± ˘Tt-\Ùp, œX ˘Rn-Yj-’d-LÙ]

˙Soj-ßd LP-̊ ]j RY-\Ù-Up ˘N¤j-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.

Ys[eL∞ŸPu ˘RÙPo◊˚PV TÙPpL˚[f ˙NL¨ŸeLs.

Ys[eL∞ŸPu ˘RÙPo◊˚PV TPeL˚[f ˙NL¨j’l TPj˘RÙœl◊

E⁄YÙdœeLs.

BXl◊˚Z ◊u]UPdLÙV≠p SPdœm Ys[eL∞l ˙TÙh•˚V øeLs

TÙod°»oLs. TÙPlTœß´u A•lT˚P´p A˚R ̇ SoÿL YoQ˚]VÙL

G›’eLs.

EeLs Tœß´p SPdœm C’˙TÙu\ ˙TÙh•Ls Tt±V RLYpL˚[j

ßWh•d œ±l◊ RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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Æk˚R EX˚L ˙SÙd°

R™›m A±ÆV¤m ˘S”eLÙXUÙL˙Y C˚Qk’ C⁄lT˚Y;

©¨dL ÿ•VÙ˚R˚Y. Ti˚PdLÙX U⁄j’Y ÿ˚\Ls

˘RÙPe° Cu˚\V UeLsVÙu Y˚W R™r CXd°Vÿm

A±ÆV¤m C˚Q ©¨VÙR˚Y. CYt˚\j ˘R∞‹T”j’m

ÆRjßp CkR AXœ Y•Y˚UdLlTh”s[’.

ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

A±ÆVp Y[of£ Tt±V TÙPpL˚[ ˘UhP˚Uj’l

TÙ”°\ÙoLs.

EPpEfll◊ RÙ] ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙm SPj’YRtLÙ]

—Y˘WÙh• RVÙo ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. (ICT YÙnl◊dLs

TVuT”jßj ’i”l©W—Wm)

ÆgOÙ≤Ls Tt±V ˘RÙœl◊Ls, ˘NVt˚Ld ˙LÙsLs

Tt±V ˘RÙœl◊ E⁄YÙdœ°\ÙoLs.

A±ÆVp A±OoL˚[l ˙Th• LÙiTRtœ Æ]Ù®Wp

RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

EPp Efll◊ RÙ]m Tt±V ˘NÙt˘TÙØ‹d œ±l◊Ls

RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs, G›’°\ÙoLs.

A±ÆVp Æ]Ù˛Æ˚PL˚[ C˚Qj’ UXo ˘Y∞¬”

SPj’°\ÙoLs.

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A±‹ Y[ok-R’

A±-Æ-Vp Y[-⁄’

EX-Lm RÙi•V Ei-̊ U-Ls Gp-XÙm

˘Y∞f-N-UÙL Ce˙L ß˚W-́ p ˘R -̈Ÿ-’.

LÙXm UÙ±l˙TÙf—

®X-Æu ¡’ SPd-Lj ˘RÙPe°-]Ùu

L⁄l◊ Uf-Nm „ -̈V-≤p Li-PÙu

˘Nq-YÙnd °W-Lj-̊ R-Ÿm BWÙnk’ Æh-PÙu

˘N›-̊ UVÙ] A±-Æ-Vp Y[of£ Li-PÙu

Li-Pe-Ls Li-PÙu

È™f „rf-£-́ u „h-—-Um Li-PÙu

°W-Le-L˚[ A[k’

R≤j-Ru-˚U˚Vl Th-•-V-≠h-PÙu.

≈h-•-≠-⁄d-œm ˘Ti-L-fid-œ Gp-XÙm

˙Y˚X˚Vd œ˚\j’ Kn-‹m ˘LÙ”j-RÙu

—h-•l ©s-̊ [-Ls ˘Y∞˙V ˙TÙLÙ’

≈h-•t-œs-̇ [˙V EX-Lm T˚Pj-RÙu

Ui-‘-X-Lm U\k’ Æi-‘-X-Lm ˙TÙ]Ùu

U≤R UP-̊ U-L˚[ E˚Pj-’d LÙh-•-]Ùu

®X-Æp TÙh• L˚R-̆ Vp-XÙm Uflj’l

TÙ˚\ C⁄l˚Tl TPm ˙TÙh-”d LÙh-•-]Ùu

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YÙL-]m T˚Pj-RÙu Y[of-£˚Vd ˘LÙ”j-RÙu

Lh˚P Yi-•-́ u LÙXj˚R UÙt±

˙YLj˚Rd ·h• Æ˚W˚Yd ˘LÙ”j-RÙu

YÙ]m H±l T\d-L-‹m ˘Nn-RÙu.

Li-Pe-Ls TÙŸm ˘RÙØp-÷h-Tm T˚Pj-RÙu

Gp-̊ X-Ls RÙi-”m ˙Tf—m ˘LÙ”j-RÙu

EX-°p Es-[ E\-‹-L˚[ Gp-XÙm

Jt˚\j ß˚W-́ p Ju-\Ùn C˚Qj-RÙu

Y[-⁄m œZk-̊ R-́ u Y[of£ A˚R

ÆØ-VÙp TÙod-°u-\Ùs RÙŸm A˚R

©\kR ©u˙] œZk-̊ RŸm ·P

˙T£f £¨d-œ’ AZ-LÙnl ˙TÙ≤p.

˛ LÆ-Oo Æ]Ù-VL ÿ⁄-Lu

A±ÆVp Y[of£ Gu˘]u] UÙt\eL˚[ HtT”jߟs[’ G]d

LÆOo œ±l©”°\Ùo?

RtLÙXjßp GpXÙj ’˚\L∞¤m HWÙ[UÙ] A±ÆVp UÙt\eLs

HtTh”s[]. Y⁄eLÙXjßp ˙U¤m Gu˘]u] ®L›m? EeLs

L⁄j’L˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›’eLs.

A±ÆVp Y[of£VÙp ≈h•≠⁄dœm ˘TiLfidœ Kn‹ °˚PjRRÙLd

LÆOo ·fl°\Ùo. GlT•?

£X A±ÆVp Li”©•l◊L˚[Ÿm A˚Rd Li”©•jR A±ÆVp

A±OoL∞u ˘TVoL˚[Ÿm Th•V≠”eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

Li”©•l◊ A±ÆVp A±Oo

YÙ˘]Ù≠

˘RÙ˚XdLÙh£

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UÙod˙LÙ≤

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SUdœ G’-‹˙U Bf-N-̈ -V-™p-̊ X. Bf-N-̈ -Vl-T-”-Y’ RÙu A±˚Y Y[oj-’d

˘LÙs-Y-Rt-LÙ] J˙W YØ.

Bl-©s ∏˙Z Æ›-Y’ Bf-N-̈ -VUÙ? VÙ⁄d-œ˙U Cßp Bf-N-̈ -Vl-T-”-Y-Rtœ

G’-‹m C⁄l-T-RÙLj ˘R -̈V-Æp-̊ X. B]Ùp, C˚Rl TÙoj-’ Bf-N-̈ -Vl-T-”-Y-Rtœm

J⁄ ®Îh-Pu ©\k-RÙu. EXL YW-XÙt-fld˙L J⁄ ß⁄l-Tj-̊ Rd ˘LÙ”j-RÙu. ˘UÙf˚N

Æ˚R-´-≠-⁄k’ Hu ˘UÙf-˚Nf ˘N•˙V Y[o-°-\’ Gufl Bf-N-¨-Vl-Th-PÙu J⁄

°¨Lo ˘Ui-Pp. UW-©-Vp Li” U≤R YW-XÙt-̊ \˙V UÙt± A˚Uj-RÙu.

Bf-N-̈ -Vj-̊ Rl Tt± Cu-‡m Cl-T• ˘NÙp-≠d ˘LÙi˙P ˙TÙL-XÙm.

Cl-˙TÙ-˘Rp-XÙm Tp ˘Nh-˚Pd LZt± ˚Yl-T-˘RuT’ Bf-N-¨-Vl-T-Pd

·•VRpX. B]Ùp, J⁄-Yo AY-⁄-̊ PV Li-̊ Q-Ÿm. LÙ˚R-Ÿm LZt± ˚Yd-°-\Ùo

Gufl ˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-̇ YÙm. Gu-]? ◊⁄-Yj˚R ˘S∞j’d Li-L˚[ ƨd-°-»o?

Gk-Rf „r-®-˚X-˚V-Ÿm R]dœf NÙR-L-UÙd-°d ˘LÙi” ˘Yt-±-L-W-UÙL YÙ›m

ÆXe˚Ll T¨-QÙU Y[of-£-´p £\kR ÆXeœ Gu-°-˙\Ùm. ARtœ J⁄ SpX

G”j’d-LÙh” U≤-Ru.

˚LLs ˙TÙR-Æp-˚X. L⁄-Æ-L˚[l T˚Pj-RÙu. Í˚[ ˙TÙR-Æp-˚X.

LmÎhP˚Wl T˚Pj-RÙu. C˚Y Uh-”UÙ? L⁄-Æ-L-∞u T›-R-̊ PkR Tœ-ßdœ Eߨ

Efll◊ ˘TÙ⁄j-’-Y’ ˙TÙp Ru-‡-˚PV EP-¤d˙L Eߨ Efll-◊-L˚[ E⁄YÙd°

Es[Ùu. Im◊-Xu-L-∞˙X˙V Li-‘m LÙ’m ÿd-°-V-UÙ-]-̊ Y.

SU’ Í˚[dœ S˚P-ÿ˚\ EX-Lj-˚Rl Tt-±V ˘Nn-ß-L˚[ YZe-œ-Y˙R

ÿd°VUÙL CkR CWi” ◊Xu-L-fim RÙu. Li‘m LÙ’m Cp-XÙ-R-Yo A”j-R-Y-̈ u

A‡-RÙ-Tj-ßp-RÙu YÙZ ˙Yi-”m. ˘aXu ˘Lp-Xo-Ls AÈoYl ©\-Æ-LsRÙu.

ÿR-≠p Eß-̈ d Li-̊ Ql Tt--±l TÙol-̇ TÙm. Bn-‹d ·Pj-ßp E⁄-YÙd-Ll-

ThP CkR Eß-¨d Li-˚Q A±-ÿ-Ll-T-”j-ßd ˘LÙs-fi-ÿu-]o TÙo˚Y Gu-\Ùp

Gu] Gu-T-̊ Rj ˘R¨k’ ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m.

ÆØj ß˚W-́ p Æ›m J∞, Aß-¤s[ J∞ EQ-⁄m ˘Np-L-∞p J⁄ ˙Yß

UÙt-\j˚R Ht-T-”-j’°-\-’. CkR ˙Yß UÙt-\j-ßu Æ˚[-YÙL SWm◊ ˘Np-L-∞p

™uNÙWm Ái-Pl-T-”-°-\-’. CkR ™u Ái-”-Rp TÙo˚Y SWm-◊-L-∞u YØ-VÙL

Í˚[´¤s[ TÙo˚Y ˚UVj˚R A˚P-°-\-’. TÙo˚Y ˚UVj-ßp CkR ™u

L˚P-L-∞p Æt-œ’!

Li-‘m LÙ’m!˛ ˙Y.R˚UVkßWu

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Ái”Rp ˘TÙ⁄-[ÙL Æ[d-Lm ˘Nn-Vl-T-”-°-\’. C˚R˙V SÙm TÙo˚Y Gu-°-̇ \Ùm.

Cj-R˚]f ˘NVp-L-fim ™Ld œfl-°V ˙SWj-ßt-œs-̇ [˙V SPk-’-Æ-”m.

Cl-̇ TÙ’ Li-¶p HRÙ-Y’ J⁄ Tœß ERÙ-W-Q-UÙL ÆØj-ß˚W TÙßd-Ll-T”°\’

Gufl ˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-̇ YÙm. Gu] Bœm? TÙo˚Y ®L-ZÙ-’.

SÙm TÙo-̊ Y-̊ Vl Tt± Cq-Y-[‹ ÷‘d-L-UÙLj ̆ R¨k’ ̆ LÙiP ©u-]o ©\Æ -́

˙X˙V Cp-XÙR TÙo-̊ Y˚V Ap-X’ ©u-]Ù-∞p CZkR TÙo-̊ Y-̊ Vj ß⁄mTl ˘Tfl-

Y-Rtœf NÙj-ß-Vm C⁄l-T’ ˙TÙp ˙RÙu-fl-°-\’ Ap-XYÙ?

CZkR TÙo˚Y˚V Gl-T•j ß⁄m-Tl ˘Tfl-Y’? ÿ•-V˙Y ÿ•-VÙ’ Gufl SÙm

ÿ•‹ Lh• Æh-̇ PÙm. H˘]-≤p Ck-Rf NÙRÙ-WQ Æ -̀Vj-̊ Rl Tt-±-̆ Vp-XÙm SmUÙp

Bf-N-¨-Vl-TP ÿ•-VÙ-’. B]Ùp A±-Æ-Vp A±-Oo-Ls C’ Tt± Bf-N-¨-Vl-T-”-

°\ÙoLs. UÙtfl YØ-Ÿm LÙi-°-\Ùo-Ls.

L]-PÙ-̊ Yf ̇ NokR PÙd-Po Æp-≠-Vm Gf ̇ PÙ˘Tp Gu-T-Y-⁄m PÙd-Po © °oÆu

Gu-T-Y-⁄m Tj-RÙi-”-L-[ÙL ÿVufl J⁄ ◊’ YØ Li-”s-[-]o. CYo-Ls J⁄ ™u’Ls

Li-̊ Ql ˘TÙ⁄j-ßd ˘LÙi-PÙp TÙo-̊ Y-́ p-XÙ-R-Yo-Ls TÙod-L-XÙm Gu°u\]o.

£±V ˘RÙ˚Xd-LÙh£ ˙LUWÙ C˚Qd-Ll-ThP Li-QÙ-•d Li-Ls Li

œØL∞¤s[ R˚N-L-fi-Pu C˚Qd-Ll-T-”m. Ck-Rj ˘RÙ˚Xd-LÙh£ ˙LUWÙ J⁄ ÷i

Lm-Îh-Po Íd-œd Li-QÙ• Nh-Pj-ß-‡s ˘TÙ⁄j-Rl-Th-•-⁄d-œm. Í˚[-´-¤s[

TÙo˚Y ˚UVj-ßp —UÙo 1024 GXdh-WÙ-”-Ls (™u-YÙn-Ls) ®Wk-R-W-UÙnl ˘TÙflj-Rl-

Th-•-⁄d-œm.

˘RÙ˚Xd-LÙh£ ˙LU-WÙ-Æ-]Ùp TPm

©•d-Ll-Th” Lm-lÎh-P-̈ -]Ùp Y˚L ̆ Nn-

Vl-ThP LÙh£ ˚Nd-°-̊ ]-L˚[ (£d-]p)

LÙ’dœl ©u-]Ùp ˙RÙ≠p ˘N⁄-Ll-Th-•-

⁄d-œm ™u LPj-ß-́ u YØ-VÙ-Lf ˘Nufl

®Wk-RW ™u YÙn-Ls ÍXm TÙo˚Y

˚UVj˚R A˚P-°u-\-]. TÙo˚Y ˚UVm

AkR ™u’-Ls ˚Nd-°-̊ ]-L˚[d LÙh-£-

VÙL Æ[dLm ˘Nn-°-\-’.

Ck-Rf ˘NVt-˚Ld Li-L -∞u

ERÆVÙp ˘TÙ⁄s-L˚[d L⁄l-◊˛

˘Ys˚[ LÙh-£-VÙ-Lj RÙu LÙQ ÿ•-Ÿm.

B]Ùp Ut-\-Yo-L-fi-˚PV A‡-RÙ-Tm

Cu± —RkßW-UÙL SP-UÙ-”-Y-Rtœ Ck-Rf ˘NVt˚Ld Li-Ls ®f-N-V-UÙL ER-‹m.

Li-Ls N¨ LÙßu L˚R Gu] Gu-°»o-L[Ù?

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A˘U-̈ d-LÙ-̊ Yf ˙NokR ˘PÙ]Ùp” G•e-Pu G‡m A±-Æ-Vp A±-Oo CRtœ

J⁄ UÙtfl YØ-˚Vd Li-”-©-•j-’s-[Ùo. CYo J⁄ ˘NVt˚Lf ˘NÆ-˚Vl

T˚Pj’s[Ùo.

LÙßp J⁄ J≠ YÙe° (˚Ud-̇ WÙ-̇ TÙu) ˘TÙ⁄j-Rl-Th-•-⁄d-œm. CkR J≠ YÙe-

°-´-≠-⁄k’ Y⁄m Lm-©-Ls Sj˚R G¤m-©p Y¨-˚N-VÙLl ˘TÙ⁄jRl-Th-•-⁄d-œm

©[Ùh-•-]m ™uYÙn L˙[Ù” C˚Qd-Ll-Th-•-⁄d-œm. Sj˚R G¤m-©p Cq-YÙfl

—UÙo Ik’ B -́Wm ™u YÙn-Ls ˘TÙ⁄jRl-Th-•-⁄d-œm.

J≠ A˚X-L˚[ J≠-YÙe-°-́ u ÍXm ™u Ái-”-R-XÙL UÙt-\l-Th”d Lm-©-L-

∞u YÙ´-XÙL ™u YÙ˚V A˚P-°u-\-’. ™u-YÙn-Ls ˙LsÆ SWm◊L˚[ ™u

Aßof-£-L-[Ùp Ái-”-°u-\-]. CkRj Ái”-Rp ̇ LsÆ SWm-◊-L-∞u YØ-VÙLd ̇ LsÆ

˚UVj˚RV˚P-°-\-’. ©u]o ˙LsÆ ˚UVj-ßp A’ J≠-VÙL Æ[d-Lm ˘Nn-Vl-T-

”-°u-\’.

Ck-Rf ˘NVt˚Lf ˘NÆ-́ u ÍXm ÿR-≠p ©\-⁄-̊ PV ˙Tf˚Nj ˘R∞-YÙLl

◊¨k’ ˘LÙs[ ÿ•-Ÿm. Ak-Rf ˘NVt-˚Lf ˘NÆ˚Vl ©\-Æ-´-˙X˙V ˘NÆ-PÙ-Ll

©\kR œZk-̊ R-L-fid-œm ˘NÆ-PÙ] ˘T -̈V-Yo-L-fid-œm ˘TÙ⁄j-R-XÙm.

EeL˚[ ÆVl◊\f ˘NnŸm A±ÆVp Li”©•l◊Ls £XYt˚\

G›’eLs.

Efll◊RÙ]m Tt±V ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙ™p ˙T—YRtLÙLj RLYpLs

ßWh• J⁄ ˘NÙt˘TÙØ‹d œ±l◊ RVÙo˘NnŸeLs.

UÙtfl Efll◊ Afl˚Y £°f˚N Tt±V RLYpLs, TPeLs, ˙NL¨ŸeLs.

G›’eLs.

Efll◊RÙ]m Tt±V ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙm SPj’YRtLÙ] —Y˘WÙh•

RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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""AlTÙ! Cu-‡UÙ CYu NÙl-©h” ÿ•d-LX?...''

Gufl œWp ˘LÙ”j’d ˘LÙi˙P ≈h-•-‡s ÷˚Zk-RÙs Wg£-≤.

""˙UPm! Æ˚[-VÙ-Pl ˙TÙnh” ≈h-”dœs ÷˚Z-Ÿm ˙TÙ˙R

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""˙Pn ClT NÙl-©-P-\’ TjRÙ Ap-X’ Tß-̊ ]k-RÙ-Y’ ̇ RÙ˚N-VÙPÙ? ∫d-°-Wm GkߨPÙ...

Uj-R-Ye-L-fim NÙl-©-P-‘m'' Gufl Tßp ˘NÙu-]Ùs Wg£≤.

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N˚UVX˚\-́ p C⁄k’ œWp ˘LÙ”jRÙo Al-TÙ.

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A”jR SÙs Ru UÙQ-Yo-L-fid-œl ◊ß-RÙL G˚Rf ˘NÙp-X-XÙm Gufl ˙VÙ£j-’d

˘LÙi-•-⁄kR AYoRÙu ®XÙ ºf-No.

˙RÙ˚Nd-œs Æg-OÙ-]m

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Ntfl ˙SWj-ßt-˘Lp-XÙm œ∞j’Æh”f N˚U-V-

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˙TÙœm˙TÙ˙R Rm-©-̊ Vl TÙoj’ ""˙TÙ’m

Gk-ß-̈ PÙ'' Gufl ¡i-”m ∫i•]Ùs.

N˚U-V-X -˚\-´p Rh˚P G”j’d

˘LÙi” RVÙ-WÙL ®u-\Ùs Wg-£≤.

AlTÙ ˙RÙ˚N UÙ˚Y G”j’

˙RÙ˚Nd Lp-≠p Ft-±-]Ùo.

—oooo...

Gu\ Nl-Rj-’-Pu ˙RÙ˚N ˙YL BWm-©j-

R’.

AlTÙ —h”j R⁄m ⁄£-VÙ] ˘UÙfl ˘UÙfl

˙RÙ˚Nd-LÙL BY-¤-Pu ˙RÙ˚Nd Lp-̊ Xl

TÙojRT•˙V ®u-\Ùs Wg-£-≤.

˙RÙ˚Nd Lp-≠p ̇ YLj ̆ RÙPe-°V ̇ RÙ˚N

UÙÆp Be-LÙe˙L £fl £fl ˘TÙj-Rp-Ls

ƛk-R-].

˙RÙ˚Nd Lp-≠p ˙Yœm ˙RÙ˚N UÙÆp Hu Be-LÙe˙L ˘TÙj-Rp-Ls Æ›-°u-\]

-Gu\ ˙Ls-Æ Wg£≤˚Vd œ˚PV BWm-©jR’. EP˙] A’ Tt± Al-TÙ-Æ-Pm

˙Lh-PÙs.

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˙RÙ˚N-́ ˘X ˘TÙj-Rp Æ›kRÙ E]dœ Gu] ÆZÙhPÙ E]dœ Gu] Gufl ¡i-

”m °i-P-X-•j-RÙu C[YWNu.

"Wg-£≤ ˙RÙ˚N˚V G”j-’h” Ce˙L YÙ SÙu ˘NÙp-̇ \u'

Gufl ˘Y∞-V-≠-⁄k’ œWp ˘LÙ”jR AmUÙ ≈h-”dœs Yk-RÙo.

""ºf-N-WmUÙ °h˙P ˙Lh-°-\˚R Gu-°hP ˙Lh-°-±˙V'' Gufl ·±d ˘LÙi˙P Wg£-≤-

´u Rh-•p ˘UÙfl ˘UÙfl ˙RÙ˚N˚Vl ˙TÙh-PÙo Al-TÙ.

˙RÙ˚NjRh-”-Pu ˘Nufl Am-UÙ-Æu ÿu Eh-LÙok-RÙs Wg-£≤.

ARt-œs NÙl-TÙh˚P ÿ•j-ß-⁄kR C[YWN‡m Aeœ Yk-RÙu.

˙RÙ˚N —”m ˙Y˚X-̊ Vf Nt-fl-̇ S-Wm ®fljß Æh” Al-TÙ-‹m Aeœ B_-WÙ-]Ùo.

˘NÙp-¤mUÙ Gufl ˘RÙPe-°-]Ùs Wg-£≤.

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A¨£ UÙ˚Y-Ÿm Efik’ UÙ˚Y-Ÿm Ju-\ÙLd L˚WjR ©u ˘SÙßj-Rp Gu\ Æ˚]

Ae˙L ˘RÙPe-œ-°-\-’.

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UÙL Es-[-]. Al-̇ TÙ’ LÙo-Tu ˚P Bd-̊ N” YÙŸ E⁄-YÙ-°-\-’.

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C[YWNu.

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A±‹ Sm-™-̊ P˙V ®f-N-Vm ˘T⁄-œm'' Gu-\Ùo AmUÙ.

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˘TÙj-R-¤d-LÙ] Æ[d-Lj-RÙp ·”-Rp ß⁄lß A˚PkR Wg-£-≤, A”jR ˙RÙ˚NdLÙL

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AmUÙ æoj’ ˚YjRÙo. C’˙TÙX A±ÆVp NmTkRUÙ] EeLs

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G›’eLs. AYtfldœ Æ˚P LÙ‘eLs. A˚R J⁄ UXWÙL

˘Y∞´”eLs.

GLÙ : YÙ]m øX ®\jßp C⁄lT’ Hu?

£X YÙrd˚L ®Lr‹L˚[Ÿm ARu A±ÆVp ˘RÙPo◊L˚[Ÿm

Li”©•j’ G›’eLs.

GLÙ : SÙm A›m˙TÙ’ LiΩo Y⁄°\’. GlT•?

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

˛ Su± : —h•ÆLPu

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LÙh£ 1

(˘R⁄-Æu S˚P-TÙ-˚R-´p Es[ J⁄ ˙U˚P-´p J⁄ £fl-Y-‡m £fl-™-Ÿm

AUok’s[]o. AYo-L-∞u ÿu◊ Li Li-QÙ• T›’ TÙol-T-Yo ̊ Yj-’s[ ̆ Th•

LÙQl-T-”-°-\-’. TX-Æ-R-UÙ] Li Li-QÙ-•-Ls LÙQl-T-”-°u-\-]. £fl-Y-‡m £fl-™Ÿm

TX-Æ-R-UÙ] Li-QÙ-•-L-̊ [f ˙Noj’j ˘RÙ˚X-Æp Es-[-Yt-̊ \l TÙojR Yi-Qm

Es-[-]o)

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Re-Lf-£...

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Lƒ-≠˙VÙ LiP Ei˚U˛ ˙NXm TÙ.AuTW—

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£fl-™ : (YÙe-°l TÙod-°-\Ùs) BUÙi˙Q... (Li-QÙ-•-L˚[ G”j’ Æh-”) AP..-

Li-QÙ-•eL Cp-XÙ˙U TÙojRÙ T˚Z-V-T• ̇ LÙ´p ÁWUÙj RÙu ̆ R¨Ÿ’.

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(AkR YØ-VÙL Lƒ-≠˙VÙ Y⁄-°-\Ùo)

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⁄dLÙ⁄.

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AkRd ˙LÙ -̊́ Xl TÙ⁄eL...

£fl-™ : °h˘P C⁄d-°\ UÙߨ ˘T¨NÙ ˘R -̈Ÿ’ RÙjRÙ

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Bf-N-̈ -Vm... -øeL ˘NÙp-X-\’ Ei-̊ U-RÙu.

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Æ˚[VÙh˚P Gp-XÙm TÙojRÙp ˘WÙmT ˙LÙTl-T-”-YÙ-⁄...

Lƒ-≠ : BUÙ... G]d-œm ˙SW-UÙf-—... SÙ‡m ◊\l-T-”-°-̇ \u. (˙TÙ°-\Ùo)

LÙh£ 2

(Lƒ-≠˙VÙ ≈”,-L-ƒ-≠˙VÙ ˘Xu-—-Ls TX-Yt˚\ G”j’ YÙ˚] ˙SÙd-°l TÙoj-’d

˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°-\Ùo.)

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Y˚L´p TÙojRÙ Æg-OÙ-≤eL RÙu. CWi” Y˚L-VÙ] ˘Yq-˙Yfl

˘Xu-—-L˚[ Yf-—l TÙoj’j ÁWj-ß˙X C⁄d-°\ ˘TÙ⁄s ˘T¨NÙ

˘R¨Ÿe°-\˚Rd Li-”©•f-£h-PÙeL.

∫Pu : (Yk’ ˘LÙi˙P) IVÙ...- NÙl-TÙ” Ád-Lm Cp-XÙ˙U Cl-T• ˘Xu-—-L˚[

Yf— BLÙ-Nj-˚R˙V Ej-’l TÙoj-’d °h-•-⁄e-∏e-L˙[ JeL EPm◊

Gu-]j-’dœ Bœm?

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˘TÙ⁄sL˚[d °hP TÙodL ÿ•-V-\l-T, BLÙ-Nj-ßX C⁄d-°\ „ -̈Vu,

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∫Pu : (ÆVl-◊-Pu) IVÙ, A’

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Lƒ-≠ : ®f-N-V-UÙ... G˚R-Ÿm ÿ•-Ÿm‡

®˚]fNÙ ÿ•-Ÿm.

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LNd°d ˘LÙi” ˘LÙhPÙÆ

Æh-”d ˘LÙi˙P) IVÙ... -

G]dœj Ád-Lm Rsfi°\’.

(T”j-’d ˘LÙs-°-\Ùu )

Lƒ-≠ : Em...- Em... ø ˙TÙn Kn‹

G”j-’d ˘LÙs (R]-’, F’

œZp ˙TÙu\ ˘PXv-˙LÙl-

©u ÍXm YÙ]j-˚Rl

TÙoj’d ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°-\Ùo.

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˙Pu... Li-”-©-•j’ Æh

˙Pu (U-°rf-£-´p ß˚[d-

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A˚\-´p K”-°-\Ùo)

∫Pu : (Li-Æ-Øj-’d ˘LÙs-°-\Ùu) IVÙ! YÙ]j-ßp G˚Rd Li-”-Æh” Cl-T•

U°rf-£-VÙp ·j-RÙ”°-»o-Ls?

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Gu -̆ P-Xv˙LÙl-©u ÍXm Li-”-©-•j’ Æh-̇ Pu.

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˚Tj-ß-Vm.

LÙh£ 3

(A-±-ÆVp Ut-flm YÙ≤-Vp A±-Oo-Ls ·•-́ -⁄d-Ld ·•V CPm )

Lƒ-≠-˙VÙ : (EV-W-UÙ] J⁄ CPj-ßp ®ufl ˘LÙi-”) A±-Oo ˘T⁄-Ud-L˙[! YÙ≤Vp

A±-Oo-L˙[! ÆVÙ-Zu °W-Lj-̊ R-Ÿm ARu ’˚Qd °W-Le-L-̊ [-Ÿm Gu

˘PXv-̇ LÙl-©u ÍXm Li-P-±k-’-Æh-̇ Pu.

œm-Tp : Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ-‹dœ Gu] ˚Tj-ßVm ©•f—-•fNÙ? Cp-̊ X, L˚R ÆP-\ÙWÙ?

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Lƒ-≠ : (TX-UÙL) A±-Æ-Vp A±-Oo-L˙[! ÆVÙ-Z-≤u ’˚Qd °W-Le-L˚[

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˙LÙl-©u YØ-VÙ-Ll TÙoj’ Æh-̇ Pu.

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Lƒ-≠ : A±-Æ-Vp ̆ T⁄-Ud-L˙[! SÙu Li-P-±kR YÙ≤-Vp Li-”-©-•l˚T Gs∞

S˚L-VÙ-PÙ-æo-Ls. Ck-Rd ·h-Pj-ßp Cu-̆ ]Ù⁄ Ei-̊ U-̊ Vf ˘NÙu-]Ùp

Aßok’ ˙TÙ≈o-Ls

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Lƒ-≠ : (APd-Lj-’-Pu) Cl-̇ TÙ’ SÙu ·\l-̇ TÙ-œm Ei˚U SU’ NUV ËpL∞p

·\l-Th-”s[ Ei-̊ Udœ UÙfl-Th-P-’.

œm-Tp : (Ju-\ÙLd ˙LÙTj-’-Pu) Al-T-•VÙ?

£Xo : Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ-‹dœd ̆ LhP LÙXm ̆ S⁄e° Æh-P-’. Lƒ-≠˙VÙ! ∫d-°-Wm ̆ NÙp.

Lƒ-≠ : „ -̈V-‡m Ut\ °W-Le-L-fim SÙm YÙ›m È™-̊ Vf —t± Y⁄-Y-RÙ-L˙Y

YÙ≤-Vp ®◊-Qo-L-fim NUVYÙß-L-fim ß⁄mTj ß⁄m-Td ·±-Yk-RÙoLs.

B]Ùp....

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Lƒ-≠ : SÙu G]’ BWÙnf-£-L-∞u ÍXm Li-P-±kR Ei˚U È™Ÿm Ut\

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R˚X-Y≠ BWm-©j’ Æh-P-’. (A˚]-Y-⁄m L˚X-°-\Ùo-Ls)

LÙh£ 4

(Nd-L-W -Yojß A¨-V-˚Q-´p AUok-’s-[Ùo. A˚Uf-No, R[-Tß ÿR-≠-˙VÙo

AUokß⁄d°-\Ùo-Ls. ≈Wo-Ls Be-LÙe˙L Es-[-]o. UR œ⁄-UÙo-L-∞p J⁄-Yo G›k’

®ufl Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ-Æu ¡’ œt-\m NÙh-”-°-\Ùo)

URd-œ-⁄ : Nd-L-W-Yoj-ß-Ls ˘NÆ NÙndL ˙Yi”m.

Nd-L-W-Yoj-ß: Lƒ-≠˙VÙ ¡’ RÙe-Ls ·\ YkR œt-\f-NÙh-•-̊ ]d ·\-XÙm.

URd-œ-⁄- :- N-¡-Tj-ßp Lƒ-≠˙VÙ ·±-Ÿs[ L⁄j-’-Ls NU-Vf NÙu-˙\Ùo-L-∞u Es-

[j-̊ Rl ◊i-T-”j-’-Y-RÙL Es-[-].

A˚]-Y-⁄m: (Aßof-£-Ÿ-Pu) Al-T-•VÙ?

URd-œ-⁄ : (A›j-R-UÙ-L) BUÙm Lƒ-≠-˙VÙ-Æu Li-”-©-•l-◊, C’-Y˚W ·±-YkR

SU’ NUVd L⁄j-’-L-fidœ ÿWi-Th-P-RÙL Es-[-’.

A˚]-Y-⁄m : (˙LÙTj-’-Pu) ÆPd-·-PÙ’ AkRd Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ˚Y.

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Nd-L-W :A˚Zj’ YÙ⁄e-Ls Ak-Rd LV-Y˚] (≈Wo-Ls Lƒ-≠-˙VÙ˚Yf

Ne°≠VÙp Lh• A˚Zj’ Y⁄-°-\Ùo-Ls. A˚Y-´u ÿu ®fljRl

T”°\Ùo)

Lƒ-≠-˙VÙ : UÙUu-]-⁄dœ YQd-Lm

Nd-L-W : (˙LÙTm) ˙TÙ-’m ®flj-’. „ -̈V-‡m SY °W-Le-L-fim È™-̊ Vf —t± Y⁄-

°u-\] Gu-T’ RÙu SU’ UR-œ-⁄-UÙo-Ls øiP LÙX-UÙ-Ld ·±-YkR

Ei-̊ U. ø A˚R Uflj-’d ·±, C[m ˘Sg-Ne-L-∞p Sg˚N Æ˚Rj’

Y⁄-°-\Ù-VÙ-̇ U. CRtœ ø ·\l-̇ TÙ-œm NUÙ-RÙ-]m?

Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ -:- G-]’ BWÙnf-£-́ p LiP Ei-̊ U˚V A±-Oo ÿu◊ ˘Y∞l-T-”j-ß-

˙]u. Ei-̊ U˚V GY-⁄m U˚\dL ÿ•-VÙ-’.

Nd-L-W : (˙LÙTm) ø Gu] E[-fl-°-\Ùn Lƒ-≠˙VÙ? UR-œ-⁄-UÙo-L-∞u L⁄j-’-L-fidœ

UÙt-fld L⁄j’ ·fl-T-Yo-L-fidœ SU’ SÙh-”f Nh-P-lT• Gu] RiP˚]

˘R¨-VUÙ?

Lƒ-≠ : ˘R -̈Ÿm Uu-]o ©WÙ-̇ ], C⁄h”f £˚\-Ÿm L˚N-V-•-Ÿm Gu-T˚R SÙu

A±-̇ Yu. „ -̈V-̊ ]-jRÙu °W-Le-Ls —t± Y⁄-°u-\-].

UR-œ-⁄ : Lƒ-≠˙VÙ! ˙TÙ’m E]’ ©Rt-\p.

Nd-L-W : VÙWe˙L? A˚Zj-’f ˘Np-¤e-Ls Ck-Rd LV-Y-˚]. CY-]’ Li-”-

©•l◊Ls A˚]j-’m RYfl Gufl ·± Jj-’d ˘LÙs-fim Y˚W £˚\-

YÙ-N-ÿm, L˚N-V-•-Ÿm £j-ß-W-Y-̊ R-Ÿm ̆ RÙP-Wh-”m. (≈WoLs Lƒ-≠-̇ VÙ˚Y

A˚Zj-’f ˘Np-°-\Ùo-Ls)

Lƒ-≠ : (TX-UÙL) Aø-ß... C’ Aø-ß... G]-’-ÿ-•-‹-L˚[ Ht-fld ˘LÙs[

Y⁄eLÙXjßp A±-Oo TXo ˙RÙu-fl-YÙo-Ls SÙu Y⁄-°-̇ \u.

Lƒ-≠˙VÙ

1564-Bm Bi” Cj-RÙ≠ SÙh-•p ˚TNÙ SL-Wj-ßp ©\k-RÙo. CY-W’ Li”

©•l◊Ls, SÙ•-UÙ≤ (Puls meter) ˘RÙ˚X-˙SÙd-°d L⁄Æ (Telescope) N≤d

°WLj˚Rf —t-±-Ÿs[ Y˚[-Vm, ÆVÙ-Zu °W-Lj-ßtœ SÙuœ ’˚Qd-̇ LÙsLs,

„ -̈V-≤p LÙQl-T-”m ◊s-∞-Ls Gu-T-].

Lƒ≠˙VÙÆu Li”©•l◊Ls Tt±V J⁄ ˘RÙœl◊ RVÙo ˘NnŸeLs.

Lƒ≠˙VÙ˚Y ø NkßjRÙp ˛ Gu˘]u] ˙LhTÙn? Æ]ÙdL˚[

G›’eLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

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˘NqYÙnd °WLj˚R Bn‹ ˘NnYRtLÙL CkßV Æi˘Y∞ Bn‹

˚UVjRÙp 2013 SYmTo 5 Aufl ̆ Yt±LWUÙLf ̆ N¤jRlThP B∞pXÙR ÆiLXm

RÙu UeLsVÙu. CqÆiLXm 2014 ˘NlPmTo 24 Aufl ˘NqYÙnd ˙LÙ∞u

—tfllTÙ˚R´p ˘Yt±LWUÙL C˚QkR’. CRu ÍXm ÿRp ÿVt£´˙X˙V

˘NqYÙndœf ˘NVt˚Ld˙LÙs Ju˚\ ˘Yt±LWUÙL A‡l©V ÿRXÙY’ SÙ”

Gu\ ̆ T⁄˚U˚V CkßVÙ ̆ Tt\’. CqÆiLXm ÿ˚]Vj ’˚Qd˙LÙs H‹LXm

ÍXm BkßWl©W˙RNm ca¨d˙LÙhPÙÆ≠⁄k’ 2013 SYmTo 5 Aufl CkßV

˙SWlT• ©tTLp 2.30 U¶dœ ˘Yt±LWUÙLf ˘N¤jRlThP’. CdLXu ◊Æ´u

—tfllTÙ˚R´p J⁄ UÙR A[Æp —t±d˘LÙi•⁄kR’. ©u]o 2013 SYmTo 30

Cp ˘NqYÙ˚V ˙SÙd°f ˘N¤jRlThP’. CjßhPm CkßVÙÆu ÿRXÙY’

˙LÙ∞˚Pj ßhPUÙœm. ˙NÙÆVj, SÙNÙ, I˙WÙl©V Æi˘Y∞ ®flY]m

B°VYtfldœ A”jRRÙLf ˘NqYÙ˚V A˚PkR SÙuLÙY’ Æi˘Y∞ ®flY]m

Gu\ ˘T⁄˚U˚V Cv˙WÙ (ISRO) ˘Tt\’. ÆiLXm Rt˙TÙ’ ˘TeL¨p Es[

Cv˙WÙÆu ÆiLXd Lh”lTÙh” ˚UVjß≠⁄k’ CkßVj ˘RÙ˚X ÁW

Æi˘Y∞ Y˚Xl©u]p EQoøh• ÍXUÙLd LiLÙ¶dLlT”°\’.

UeLsVÙu

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UeLsVÙu ˘NVt˚Ld˙LÙs ˘N¤jRlThPRu ÿd°V ˙SÙdL˙U ˘NqYÙnd

°WLjßp ¡j˙Ru Es[RÙ GuT˚Rd Li”©•lT’RÙu. ˘NqYÙnd °WLj˚RŸm

RÙi• Æi˘Y∞´p Bn‹ ˘NnŸm ˘RÙØp ÷hTj ß\˚U˚V CkßVÙ

˘Ttfls[RÙ GuT˚R EflßlT”j’m CkRj ßhPjßu ˙SÙdLUÙœm. UeLsVÙ≤p

˘UÙjRm 5 Bn‹d L⁄ÆLs Es[]. Cßp J⁄ L⁄Æ ¡j˙Ru C⁄dœm A[˚Y

BWÙŸm. 2Y’ L⁄Æ ˚XUu BpTÙ J∞UÙ≤ G]lT”m ˙TÙh˙PÙ ¡hPo L⁄Æ

VÙœm. ˙UtLiP C˚Y CWi”m ˘NqYÙnd °WLd LÙtfl UiPXj RLYpL˚[j

R⁄m. ˘NqYÙnd °WLjßu ˙Ut◊\l T•UeL˚[ Bn‹ ˘NnV AßS≈] LXo

LÙ™WÙl ̆ TÙ⁄jRlTh”s[’. A’˙TÙXf £Yl◊ ®\d LßoLs Tt± Ut˘\Ù⁄ L⁄Æ

Bn‹ ̆ NnŸm. C˚Y RÆWf ̆ NqYÙ´u ◊\dLÙtfl UiPXj˚R 5Y’ L⁄Æ Bn‹

˘NnŸm. ˘NqYÙnd °WLjßp ®WkRWUÙL J⁄ WÙd˘Lh R[m A˚UlTRtLÙ]

Bn˚YŸm UeLsVÙu ÍXm CkßV ÆgOÙ≤Ls A±ÆlTÙoLs. CRu ÍXm

©WTgNjßu Ut\ TœßLfidœm CkßVÙYÙp ÆiLXeL˚[ A‡lT ÿ•Ÿm.

UeLsVÙu A‡l◊m TPeL∞u A•lT˚P´p Æi˘Y∞j ˘RÙPo◊ ÿ˚\L˚[

Æ⁄jß ˘NnV CkßV ÆgOÙ≤Ls ßhP™h”s[]o.

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CRtœ ÿu CkßVÙ Æi˘Y∞dœ A‡l©V ˘NVt˚Ld˙LÙsL∞u

˘TVoL˚[ G›’eLs.

UeLsVÙu Tt±V ˘NnßLs, RLYpLs, TPeLs CYt˚\l

Tjߨ˚LLs, ˘NnßjRÙsL∞p C⁄k’ ßWh•, ""UeLsVÙu £\l◊UXo''

˘Y∞´”eLs.

UeLsVÙu ˙TÙX˙Y ®X‹lTVQm ˙Ut˘LÙiP NkßWVÙu Tt±V

˘NnßL˚[Ÿm ˙NL¨ŸeLs. œ±l˙Th•p G›’eLs.

"UeLsVÙu', "NkßWVÙu' ˙TÙu\ Æi˘Y∞d LXeL∞u T¶´p Teœ

˘Tt\ ÆgOÙ≤Lfis J⁄YWÙ] ß⁄.U´pNÙ™ AiQÙ’˚W

AYoL˚[l ˙Th• LÙQ J⁄ Æ]Ù®Wp RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

UeLsVÙu R]’ 300 SÙs TVQjßu ˙TÙ’ YeLdLP≠p ˚UVm ˘LÙi•⁄kR

˘aXu ◊V˚X ™Lj ˘R∞YÙLl TPm G”j’ A‡l©V’ œ±l©PjRdL’.

UeLsVÙu Ru 4BY’ —tfllTÙ˚R˚Vj ˘RÙPe°V ˙TÙ’ £±’ GkßWd ˙LÙ[Ùfl

HtThP’. N¨VÙ] ˙SWjßp Cv˙WÙ ÆgOÙ≤Ls A˚Rd Li”©•j’ÆhPRÙp

EP]•VÙL AkR GkßWd ˙LÙ[Ùfl N¨ ˘NnVlThP’.

UeLsVÙu Ru TVQjßu 200BY’ SÙs 42˙LÙ• °˙XÙ¡hPo ÁWj˚Rd

LPkß⁄kR’. C’ ˘UÙjRl TVQ ÁWjßp 60 NR≈RUÙœm. UeLsVÙ≤u ˘UÙjRl

TVQ SÙ[Ù] 325 SÙhL∞p 4 RP˚Y TÙ˚R UÙt±f ˘N¤jRlThP’. ˘NqYÙnd

°WLf —tfllTÙ˚R´p 3.2 SÙhLfidœ J⁄ RP˚Y ˘NqYÙnd °WLj˚R UeLsVÙu

—t± Y⁄m. ˘NqYÙnd °WL BnÆp UeLsVÙ≤u T¶, A˘U¨dLÙÆu SÙNÙ

ßhPeL˚[Ÿm ÆP ÿRu˚UVÙ]RÙL, Y¤‹s[RÙL, TVuEs[RÙL C⁄dœm Gufl

L⁄RlT”°\’. UeLsVÙu A”jR 6 UÙReL∞p ˘NVpTPl ˙TÙY˚R ˘TeLo

A⁄˙L Es[ TVXÙ¤Æp Es[ CkßVj ˘RÙ˚X®˚X Æi˘Y∞ Lh”lTÙh”

˚UVm (IDSN) Li LÙ¶dœm.

MOM - Mars Orbitar Mission(˘NqYÙn —tfldLXu ßhPm)

ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation(CkßV Æi˘Y∞ Bn‹ ˚UVm)

IDSN - Indian Deep Space Network(CkßVj ˘RÙ˚XÁW Æi˘Y∞ Y˚Xl©u]p)

VSSC - Vikram Sarabai Sapce Centre(ÆdWm NÙWÙTÙn Æi˘Y∞ ˚UVm)

˘R¨k’ ̆ LÙs˙YÙm

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ATVm ˛ A˚PdLXm

A±Oo ˛ A±Æp EVok˙RÙo

BLÙNm ˛ BLÙVm, YÙ]m

Bh˙NTm ˛ Ufll◊, Gßol◊

BTWQm ˛ S˚L

Bn‹ ˛ BWÙnf£

Bt\p ˛ Ndß, ß\˚U

Cu]˚L ˛ C≤V˘NVp

EQo øh£ ˛ øiP ̇ SW EQo‹

Eߨ ˛ R≤jR≤VÙL

Eu]Rm ˛ ™L EVo‹

G°flRp ˛ ˙YLUÙLj ’sfiRp

Gnß ˛ A˚Pk’

Im◊Xu ˛ ˘Un, YÙn, Li, Ídœ,

˘NÆ

LVYu ˛ LsYu, ß⁄Pu

œjR˚L ˛ JlTkRm

œu˙]ÙWm ˛ œu±u KWm

NdLWYojß ˛ ˙TWWNu

N˚T˙VÙo ˛ ˘T¨˙VÙo

NUVm ˛ ˙SWm, URm

£jßWY˚R ˛ ˘LÙ”˚UlT”j’Rp

£WUm ˛ LxPm, ßiPÙhPm

∫iPp ˛ ˘RÙ”Rp

„h—Um ˛ RkßWm

˘Nm˚U ˛ £\l◊, EVo‹

˘N›˚U ˛ ®˚\YÙ]

˙NÙo‹ ˛ L˚[l◊

R’m© ˛ ®˚\k’ YØk’

RWYÙ” ˛ œ”mT ≈”

RoUYÙu ˛ H˚ZLfidœ

ERÆ˘NnTYo

R[Tß ˛ T˚PjR˚XYo

RÙn˙Nn ˛ AmUÙ œZk˚R

ßdLt\ ˛ VÙ⁄Ut\

ßdœÿdLÙ• ˛ LxPlTh”

ßXLm ˛ ˘TÙh”

Áo ˛ A•lTœß, NLß

˘RÙi” ˛ Ru]Xm L⁄RÙR T¶

˘RÙn‹ ˛ R[o‹

˙RÙvj ˛ SiTu

SpœRp ˛ ˘LÙ”jRp

SYd°WLm ˛ JuT’ ˙LÙsLs

®◊QoLs ˛ ß\˚UNÙ≠Ls

TeLVm ˛ RÙU˚W

TVdœm ˛ R⁄m

T´¤Rp ˛ Lt\p, T•jRp

T¨QÙUm ˛ T•lT•VÙ] UÙt\m

©NLÙUp ˛ RY\ÙUp

©Rt\p ˛ E[flRp

©WTgNm ˛ EXLm

©WTXm ˛ ◊Lr˘Tt\

˘TÙjRp ˛ ’˚[

UP˚U ˛ A±ÆpXÙ˚U

UW©Vp ˛ E´¨]eLs ˘TflmTi◊

Tt±V T•l◊

˚UVm ˛ S”Æp Es[ Tœß

Y⁄YÙn ˛ Y⁄UÙ]m

ÆiLXm ˛ Æi˘Y∞dœ A‡lThP

YÙL]m

ÆVl◊ ˛ BfN¨Vm

Æ˙WÙRm ˛ T˚L

ÆØ ˛ LiLs

Æ`™ ˛ œflm◊Ls ˘NnTYu

˙YkRo ˛ AWNo

˘NÙpXLWÙß