8=south-america geosector - bienvenue / welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= south-america geosector...

29
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector édition princeps DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 foundation edition THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 published online & updated from November 2012 This geosector covers 121 sets of languages (= 415 outer languages, comprising 964 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" communities across South America and southern Meso-America (since before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [51=] Español and Português, but also [51=] Français and [52=] English and Nederlands). 13 sets are treated within three phylozones, 80=, 82= and 88=, while the remaining 110 sets are classified geographically within seven geozones. Geozone 81= covers languages spoken by communities in southern Meso- America and parts of northern South America, and the geozones 83=, 84= and 85=, in geographic sequence, cover languages spoken by communities in the Andean regions, southward as far as Tierra del Fuego. Geozones 86=, 87= and 89= cover languages spoken by communities in the Mato Grosso, in the Amazon Basin and in northeastern Brazil. 80= CARIBIC phylozone 81= INTER-OCEAN geozone 82= ARAWAKIC phylozone 83= PRE-ANDES geozone 84= ANDES geozone 85= CHACO-CONE geozone 86= MATO-GROSSO geozone 87= AMAZON geozone 88= TUPIC phylozone 89= BAHIA geozone In spelling the reference-names of languages spoken in areas where [51=] Español is in general use, the usages of the letters /c/ or /qu/ are normally preferred to use of the letter /k/, and the usage of /ch/ to the use of /sh/. In areas where [51=] Português is in general use, the usage of the letter /x/ is preferred to use of /sh/. Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One Les données supplémentaires ou améliorées sur les langues et communautés traitées sous ce secteur seront accueillies ici : ré[email protected] Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed here : [email protected] COLUMN 1 & 2 layers of reference codes and reference-names COLUMN 3 other nomenclature and notes COLUMNS 4 & 5 nation-states scale of (+ provinces) and speakers 80= CARIBIC phylozone covers the "wider Carib", "Cariban" or Yucpa+ Bakairi set; comprising 1 set of languages (= 37 outer languages) spoken by widely scattered communities in northern South America, and formerly on islands of the Caribbean: 80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; Guyana; Surinam; Venezuela; formerly also on Caribbean islands (most recently, Trinidad & Tobago) 4 80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI set CARIBAN, "wider" carib comprising widely scattered languages, classified within 11 chains ; largely submerged < [51=] Español, [51=] Português or [52=] English 80-AA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA chain yukpa 80-AAA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA net 80-AAA-a Yucpa yuko, yukpa, yupa, shaparu, chake, "carib" motilón, motilón-N. #motilón, motilón in [51=] Español = «hairless» Sierra de Perijá mountains Colombia (Magdalena; Guajira); also Venezuela (Zulia) 3 80-AAA-aa 'césar' César upper valley Colombia.… 80-AAA-ab codazzi codozzi Augustín Codazzi Colombia.… 80-AAA-ac maracas Colombia.… 80-AAA-ad iroka Colombia.… 80-AAA-b Yaprería northern Sierra de Perijá mountains Venezuela (Zulia) 1 80-AAA-ba yaprería japrería, manso* (Zulia) 1 80-AAA-c Coyaima* extinct for several generations Colombia (Tolima) 0 80-AAA-ca coyaima (Tolima) 0

Upload: tranhanh

Post on 13-Mar-2018

215 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569

8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

édition princeps DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000

publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012

foundation edition THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 published online & updated from November 2012

This geosector covers 121 sets of languages (= 415 outer languages, comprising 964 inner languages) spoken or

formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" communities across South America and southern Meso-America (since

before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [51=] Español and Português, but also [51=] Français and [52=] English and Nederlands).

13 sets are treated within three phylozones, 80=, 82= and 88=, while the remaining 110 sets are classified

geographically within seven geozones. Geozone 81= covers languages spoken by communities in southern Meso-America and parts of northern South America, and the geozones 83=, 84= and 85=, in geographic sequence, cover languages spoken by communities in the Andean regions, southward as far as Tierra del Fuego. Geozones 86=, 87=

and 89= cover languages spoken by communities in the Mato Grosso, in the Amazon Basin and in northeastern Brazil.

80= CARIBIC phylozone 81= INTER-OCEAN geozone 82= ARAWAKIC phylozone

83= PRE-ANDES geozone 84= ANDES geozone 85= CHACO-CONE geozone 86= MATO-GROSSO geozone 87= AMAZON geozone 88= TUPIC phylozone 89= BAHIA geozone

In spelling the reference-names of languages spoken in areas where [51=] Español is in general use, the usages of

the letters /c/ or /qu/ are normally preferred to use of the letter /k/, and the usage of /ch/ to the use of /sh/. In areas where [51=] Português is in general use, the usage of the letter /x/ is preferred to use of /sh/.

Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One

Les données supplémentaires ou améliorées sur les langues et communautés traitées sous ce secteur seront accueillies

ici : ré[email protected]

Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will

be welcomed here : [email protected]

COLUMN 1 & 2 layers of reference codes and reference-names

COLUMN 3

other nomenclature and notes

COLUMNS 4 & 5

nation-states scale of (+ provinces) and speakers

80= CARIBIC phylozone

covers the "wider Carib", "Cariban" or Yucpa+ Bakairi set;

comprising 1 set of languages (= 37 outer languages) spoken by widely scattered communities in northern South America,

and formerly on islands of the Caribbean:

80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI

Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; Guyana; Surinam; Venezuela; formerly also on Caribbean islands (most recently, Trinidad & Tobago)

4

80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI set

CARIBAN, "wider" carib comprising widely scattered languages, classified within 11 chains ; largely submerged < [51=] Español, [51=] Português or [52=] English

80-AA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA chain

yukpa

80-AAA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA net

80-AAA-a Yucpa yuko, yukpa, yupa, shaparu, chake, "carib" motilón, motilón-N. #motilón, motilón in [51=] Español = «hairless» Sierra de Perijá mountains

Colombia (Magdalena; Guajira); also Venezuela (Zulia)

3

80-AAA-aa 'césar' César upper valley Colombia.…

80-AAA-ab codazzi codozzi Augustín Codazzi Colombia.…

80-AAA-ac maracas Colombia.…

80-AAA-ad iroka Colombia.…

80-AAA-b Yaprería northern Sierra de Perijá mountains Venezuela (Zulia) 1

80-AAA-ba yaprería japrería, manso* (Zulia) 1

80-AAA-c Coyaima* ¶extinct for several generations Colombia (Tolima) 0

80-AAA-ca coyaima (Tolima) 0

Page 2: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 570 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

80-AB OPÓN+ CARARE chain

karare X

80-ABA OPÓN+ CARARE net X

80-ABA-a Opón+ Carare Magdalena tributaries Colombia (Santander) 0

80-ABA-aa opón opone Opone river (Santander)

80-ABA-ab carare Carare river (Santander) 0

80-AC CARINYA chain GALIBI, carib "proper"

80-ACA CARINYA net

80-ACA-a Carinya karinya, kari'nya, kalinya, kariña, carinña, cariña, galibí, carib, caribe, kribisi, caraiben, caribice, caribisce, caribisi, cariniaco geographically fragmented

Venezuela; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Brazil (Amapá)

4

80-ACA-aa carinya-W. murato, myrato, marato, maraworno, marworno Orinoco lower valley: Ciudad Bolívar environs… (formerly) Sucre mountains Nuria plateau Barima valley… Barama valley

Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; Anzoátegui; Bolívar); Guyana (Essequibo)

4

80-ACA-aaa chayma chaima, sayma, warapiche, guaga-tagare Venezuela…

80-ACA-aab tabajari Venezuela…

80-ACA-aac abarima+ barama (Essequibo)

80-ACA-ab carib-C. submerged < [52=] Sranan Coppename lower valley Surinam (Saramacca) 3

80-ACA-ac carib-E. tyrewuju Surinam (Marowijne); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne); Brazil (Amapá)

3

80-ACA-aca maroni-N. "lower" maroni Marowijne, Maroni lower valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)

80-ACA-acb maroni-S. "upper" maroni Marowijne, Maroni upper valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)

80-ACA-acc approuague Approuague valley (Cayenne)

80-ACA-acd oyapuck Oyapuck, Oiapoque valley (Cayenne; Amapá)

80-ACA-ace uacá in [51=] Português: galibí do Uacá Uacá valley (Amapá)

80-AD E'NYAPA chain PANARE

80-ADA E'NYAPA net

80-ADA-a E'nyapa Cuchivero river Venezuela (Bolívar) 3

80-ADA-aa e'nyapa panare, panari, eye, abira (Bolívar) 3

80-AE MAPOYO+ WAYÂNA chain

mapoyo+ makiritari

80-AEA MAPOYO+ YABARANA net

"middle" orinoco ¶spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups

80-AEA-a Mapoyo+ Wanai ¶nearly extinct in 1970's Apure river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1

80-AEA-aa mapoyo mapayo, mapoye, mapoi, nepoye (Amazonas)

80-AEA-ab wanai (Amazonas)

80-AEA-b Yabarana+ Wokiare Manapire river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1

80-AEA-ba yabarana yavarana, yauarana (Amazonas)

80-AEA-bb curasicana (Amazonas)

80-AEA-bc wokiare uaiquiare, guayqueri (Amazonas)

80-AEB MAQUIRITARI+ WAYUMARÁ net

80-AEB-a Maquiritari makiritari, maquiritare, maquiritai, makiritare, ye'cuana Orinoco tributaries: Paragua middle river… Padamo river

Venezuela (Bolívar; Amazonas); also Brazil (Roraima)

3

80-AEB-aa maquiritari-A. maquiritari "proper" Venezuela…

80-AEB-ab ye'cuana yekuana, maiongong, mayongong Venezuela…

80-AEB-ac de'cuana wainungomo Venezuela…

80-AEB-ad cunuana Venezuela…

80-AEB-ae pawana Venezuela…

80-AEB-af soto Venezuela…

80-AEB-ag ihuruana Venezuela…

80-AEB-ah maitsi Venezuela…

80-AEB-b Wayumará Brazil (Roraima) 0*

80-AEB-ba wayumará wajumará, uaimare, guimara (Roraima) 0*

80-AEC TIVERICOTO+ YAO net

X

80-AEC-a Tivericoto Venezuela (Monagas) 0

80-AEC-aa tivericoto tiverikoto ¶extinct (Monagas) 0

80-AEC-b Yao Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0

80-AEC-ba yao ¶extinct Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0

80-AED WAYÂNA+ URUCENA net

GUAYANA

80-AED-a Wayâna+ Urucena wayana Maroni river… Tapanahoni upper river… across Tumucumaque highlands… Paru+ Jari upper rivers

Surinam (Marowijne); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni); Brazil (Pará; Amapá)

3

80-AED-aa wayâna oayana, wajana, wayana "proper", guayana "proper", uaiana, oiana, oyana

(Marowijne); (St.Laurent du Maroni); (Pará; Amapá)

Page 3: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 571

80-AED-ab rucuyen roucouyene, roucouyenne (Marowijne)…

80-AED-ac urucena urucuiana, urukuyana, alukuyana (Marowijne)…

80-AED-ad upurui (Marowijne)…

80-AF YAWAPERÍ+ MAKUXÍ chain

80-AFA MAKUXÍ+ ARECUNA net

80-AFA-a Makuxí Pacaraima highlands Venezuela (Bolívar); Brazil (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)

3

80-AFA-aa makuxí makushi, macusi, macussi, teweya, teueia (Bolívar); (Roraima); (Essequibo)

80-AFA-b Arecuna+ Taulipang Pemón, pemong Gran Sabana… Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)

3

80-AFA-ba are-cuna ari-cuna, are-kuna, jari-cuna, pemong "proper" (Bolivár); (Essequibo) 3

80-AFA-bb taulipang taurepan, taurepâ (Roraima) 2

80-AFA-bc camara-coto camara-cota, kamaraga-kok (Bolivár)…

80-AFA-bd dai-gok (Bolivár)…

80-AFA-be potsawu-gok pishau-co (Bolivár)…

80-AFA-c Acawayo+ Patamona

Capón, kapong Guyana (Essequibo); also Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima)

3*

80-AFA-ca acawayo akawaio, acewaio, akawai, acahuayo, waicá (Essequibo); (Bolivár); (Roraima) 3

80-AFA-cb patamona in [80=] Macushi: 'ingari-kó', 'ingari-có', 'ingari-kí', 'ingari-cí' (=«bush-

community») (Essequibo) 3

80-AFA-cc erema-gok* (Essequibo)

80-AFA-d Purucoto Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima)

0*

80-AFA-da puru-coto i-puri-coto, puri-coto, poro-coto, uru-coto (Bolivár); (Roraima) 0*

80-AFB SAPARÁ+ PAUXIANA net

X

80-AFB-a Sapará Brazil (Roraima) 0*

80-AFB-aa sapará (Roraima) 0*

80-AFB-b Pauxiana+ Paravilhana

Brazil (Roraima) 0*

80-AFB-ba pauxiana pawixiana, paushiana, pawishiana, pauchiana, pauchi, pauxi-W. (Roraima) 0*

80-AFB-bb paravilhana paravilyana ; perhaps transition < [80=] Waiwai+ Hishkaryana (Roraima) 0

80-AFC YAWAPERÍ+ BOANARÍ net

80-AFC-a Boanarí Brazil (Amazonas) 0

80-AFC-aa boanarí bonarí (Amazonas) 0

80-AFC-b Yawaperí+ Waimirí Brazil (Amazonas; Roraima) 3*

80-AFC-ba atruahí atroaí, atroarí, atrowari, atroahy Brazil

80-AFC-bb ki'nya Brazil

80-AFC-bc waimirí uaimirí, wahmirí Brazil

80-AFC-bd yawaperí yawaperí "proper", yauaperi, yauapery, jauaperí, jawaperí Jauaperí river

Brazil

80-AFC-be crixana crishana Brazil

80-AFC-bf piriutite Brazil

80-AFC-bg tiquiría Brazil

80-AG APALAÍ chain

80-AGA APALAÍ net

80-AGA-a Apalaí Brazil (Pará) 2

80-AGA-aa apalaí aparai, apalay (Pará) 2

80-AH TIRIYÓ+ WAIWAI chain

80-AHA TIRIYÓ+ CARIHONA net

80-AHA-a Carihona karijona, karihona, tsahá Vaupés valley… Caqueta valley Colombia (Vaupés; Caqueta; Amazonas)

2

80-AHA-aa carihona-'vaupés' Vaupés upper valley (Vaupés)

80-AHA-ab jianá-coto hianá-coto, omagua, hianacoto-umaua, umaua, umawa Vaupés middle valley

(Vaupés)

80-AHA-ac yari* Yari valley: above El Capitán waterfalls (Caqueta)

80-AHA-ad carihona-'caqueta' carijona-caqueta Caqueta lower valley (Amazonas)

Page 4: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 572 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

80-AHA-b Tiriyó+ Akuriyo Tapanahoni upper river… Mapari river Surinam (Marowijne); Brazil (Pará) 3

80-AHA-ba tiriyó tiriyó "proper", trio, tirió (Marowijne); (Pará) 3

80-AHA-bb piano-cotó* piana-kotó, pau-cutu, paru-kutu, para-cutu, paru-koto #this name, in its various forms, is associated also with other related idioms in the area

Essequibo upper river

(Marowijne); (Pará)

80-AHA-bc akuriyo akoerio, akuri, akurijo, akurio, akuliyo, wama, wayari-curi, oyari-coulet, tiriyó-metesem, tiriyó-metesen, trio-metesem, trio-metesen Tapanahoni upper river

(Marowijne); (Pará)

80-AHA-bd cumayena kumayena, ocomayana (Marowijne)

80-AHA-c Saluma Anamu upper valley Brazil (Pará) 2

80-AHA-ca saluma (Pará) 2

80-AHB WAIWAI+ CHIQUIANA net

¶languages spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups

80-AHB-a Chiquiana shikuyana, sikiana, sikiâna, shikiana, chikena, chiquena Brazil (Pará; Amazonas); also Venezuela (Bolívar)

1

80-AHB-aa sikiana Iricoumé highlands: Cafuini river… Turuna+ Itapi headwaters (Pará) 1

80-AHB-ab chiquiana-N.* (Bolívar) 0

80-AHB-b Kaxuyana+ Warikyana

Imabu river… Trombetes river Brazil (Pará) 2

80-AHB-ba kaxuyana kaxuiâna, kax'yana, kaxúyana, kashujana, kachuana (Pará) 2

80-AHB-bb warikyana warikiana (Pará) 2

80-AHB-bc pawiyana pawixi, pawishi, pauxi-E. (Pará) 2*

80-AHB-c Waiwai+ Hishkaryana*

Essequibo upper valley southwards to Mapuera+ Jatapu+ Nhamundá

upper valleys

Guyana (Rupununi); Brazil (Pará;

Amazonas)

3

80-AHB-ca waiwai uaiuai, uaieue, ouayeone (Rupununi); (Pará; Amazonas)

80-AHB-cb katawian katwena, katuena, katawina, cachuena, catawian, catauian (Pará; Amazonas); (Rupununi)

80-AHB-cc charuma parukoto-charuma (Pará; Amazonas); and/or

(Rupununi)

80-AHB-cd sherewyana xerewyana, xereu (Pará; Amazonas)

80-AHB-ce hishkaryana hixkariana, hixkaryana, hichkaryana (Pará; Amazonas)

80-AHB-cf chawiyana (Pará; Amazonas); and/or (Rupununi)

80-AHB-cg kumiyana (Pará; Amazonas); and/or

(Rupununi)

80-AHB-ch sokaka (Pará; Amazonas); and/or

(Rupununi)

80-AHB-ci wabui (Pará; Amazonas); and/or

(Rupununi)

80-AHB-cj faruaru (Pará; Amazonas); and/or

(Rupununi)

80-AI BAKAIRI+ ARARA chain

80-AIA ARARA+ TXIKÃO net

80-AIA-a Arara+ Ajujure near Arataú river Brazil (Pará) 2*

80-AIA-aa arara-parirí arara-do-pará (Pará) 1

80-AIA-ab ajujure (Pará) 1

80-AIA-b Apiacá+ Apingi Brazil (Pará) 0

80-AIA-ba apiacá-N. distinct from [85=] Apiacá (Pará) 0

80-AIA-bb apingi (Pará) 0

80-AIA-c Txikão+ Tunuli

Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2

80-AIA-ca txikão chicao, txikân, txicão, txixão (Mato Grosso)

80-AIA-cb tunuli tonore (Mato Grosso)

80-AIA-d Yarumá Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*

80-AIA-da yarumá jarumá ¶perhaps extinct (Mato Grosso) 0*

80-AIA-e Yuma Brazil (Rondônia) 0

80-AIA-ea yuma juma distinct from [85=] Juma (Rondônia) 0

80-AIB BAKAIRI+ MATIPUHY net

Xingu river-basin

80-AIB-a Bakairí Arinos upper valley… Xingu headwaters Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2

80-AIB-aa bakairí bacairí, kura (Mato Grosso) 2

80-AIB-b Matipuhy+ Nahukuá Amonap, Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*

80-AIB-ba kuikuro kuikuru, guicurú, kurkuro, cuicutl (Mato Grosso) 2*

80-AIB-bb matipuhy matipú (Mato Grosso) 1

80-AIB-bc mariape* mariape-nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1

80-AIB-bd nahukuá nakukwá, nafukwá, nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1

80-AIB-be kalapaló apalakiri, apalaquiri (Mato Grosso) 2*

Page 5: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 573

80-AJ PALMELA chain X

80-AJA PALMELA net X

80-AJA-a Palmela Brazil (Rondônia) 0

80-AJA-aa palmela (Rondônia) 0

80-AK 'PIMENTEIRA' chain X

80-AKA 'PIMENTEIRA' net X

80-AKA-a 'Pimenteira' Brazil (Piauí) 0

80-AKA-aa 'pimenteira' (Piauí) 0

Page 6: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 574 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

81= INTER-OCEAN geozone

covers the "Inter-Ocean" reference area, composed of sets

not covered by any phylozone; comprising 16 sets of languages (= 47 outer languages) spoken by communities in southern Meso-America and northern South America, from

the Pacific to the Caribbean coast:

81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA 81-B PECH 81-C RAMA 81-D MALÉKU+ KWERESA 81-E NGOBERE+ TUKURÁ 81-F COFÁN

81-G PAÉZ+ COCONUCO 81-H COAIQUER+ TSÁCHI 81-I HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN 81-J TACAME 81-K PUMÉ 81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCHI 81-M BETOY 81-N YURIMANGI

81-O CAMSÁ 81-P GUARAO

including (with zone 87=) a number of languages sometimes

known as 'macú', 'makú', 'maco', an unscientific term applied by outsiders to certain indigenous communities in the interior of Colombia and Venezuela, and in adjacent Brazil

Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Guyana; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Surinam; Venezuela

5

81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA set

MISUMALPAN, miskito+ sumo, part of "wider" chibchan grouping

81-AA MAM+ MATAGALPA chain

81-AAA MAM+ CABO net MÍSKITU

81-AAA-a Mam+ Cabo mískitu, miskito, mísquito, márquito, mosquito Costa de Mosquito coast: Caratasca lagoon… Perlas lagoon

Honduras (Gracias a Dios); Nicaragua (Zelaya)

5

81-AAA-aa mískitu-V. "vehicular" miskito Costa de Mosquito coast (Gracias a Dios); (Zelaya)

81-AAA-ab mam "honduran" mískito (Gracias a Dios) 4

81-AAA-ac tawira tauira (Zelaya)

81-AAA-ad baymuna baymunana, baldam (Zelaya)

81-AAA-ae wanki wangki (Zelaya)

81-AAA-af cabo kabo (Zelaya)

81-AAB TAWAHKA+ ULWA net

SUMO

81-AAB-a Tawahka+ Ulwa sumo, sumu, soumo, sumoo inland from Costa de Mosquito coast Honduras (Gracias a Dios); Nicaragua (Zelaya)

3

81-AAB-aa tawahka+ bawihka sumo-N., "honduran" sumo (Gracias a Dios) 2

81-AAB-aaa tawahka tahuajca, tauahca (Gracias a Dios)

81-AAB-aab bawihka (Gracias a Dios)

81-AAB-aac panamaka (Gracias a Dios)

81-AAB-ab ulwa+ kukra sumo-S., "nicaraguan" sumo (Zelaya) 3

81-AAB-aba ulwa wulwa, woolwa, 'lua, ulua (Zelaya)

81-AAB-abb kukra cucra (Zelaya)

81-AAC MATAGALPA+ CACAOPERA* net

X

81-AAC-a Cacaopera cakaopera ¶extinct San Miguel hinterland El Salvador 0

81-AAC-aa cacaopera El Salvador 0

81-AAC-b Matagalpa ¶extinct Cordillera Isabella range… Cordillera Entre Ríos range Nicaragua (Nueva Segovia… ); Honduras (El Paraíso)

0

81-AAC-ba matagalpa (Nueva Segovia… ); (El Paraíso) 0

81-B PECH set PAYA, part of "wider" chibchan grouping

81-BA PECH chain

81-BAA PECH net

81-BAA-a Pech* Dulce Nombre de Culmí… Santa María del Carbón Honduras (Olancho) 2

81-BAA-aa pech* paya, taya, tawka, seco (Olancho) 2

81-C RAMA set part of "wider" chibchan grouping

81-CA RAMA chain

81-CAA RAMA net

81-CAA-a Rama Rama Cay coast & hinterland Nicaragua 1*

81-CAA-aa rama ¶24 speakers in 1980's submerged < [52=] Rama-Cay Nicaragua 1*

Page 7: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 575

81-D MALÉKU+ KWERESA set

GUATUSO, part of "wider" chibchan grouping

81-DA MALÉKU+ KWERESA chain

81-DAA MALÉKU+ KWERESA net

81-DAA-a Maléku+ Kweresa watuso+ wetar Costa Rica (Alajuela) 2

81-DAA-aa maléku-jaíka watuso, guatuso Costa Rica 2

81-DAA-ab kweresa wétar, güetar, corobici ¶extinct Costa Rica 0

81-E NGOBERE+ TUKURÁ set

chibchan-E., part of "wider" chibchan grouping

81-EA NASO chain TERIBE

81-EAA NASO net

81-EAA-a Naso teribe, térraba, tiribi, tirribi, nortenyo, quequexqueterraba community Caribbean coast

Costa Rica; Panama (Bocas del Toro)

3

81-EAA-aa naso-W. ¶5 speakers in 1990's (Limón) 1

81-EAA-ab naso-E. Teribe valley… Changuinola valley (Bocas del Toro) 3

81-EB BRUNCA+ CABÉCAR chain

"WIDER"-TALAMANKA, "wider" takamanca

81-EBA BRUNCA net

81-EBA-a Brunca ¶5 speakers (all women) in 1980's Pacific coast: Playa Bonita… Golfito… Punta Burica peninsula

Costa Rica (Puntarenas); Panama (Chiriquí)

3

81-EBA-aa brunca boruca, borunca, burica, burunca, brunka (Puntarenas); (Chiriquí) 3

81-EBB CABÉCAR+ BRIBRI net

81-EBB-a Cabécar Costa Rica (Turriabla) 3

81-EBB-aa cabécar kabékar, chirripó, including corrhue, xorrhue (Turriabla) 3

81-EBB-aaa chirripó Cerro Cirripó highlands (Turriabla)

81-EBB-aab telire Telire valley (Turriabla)

81-EBB-aac 'estrella' (Turriabla)

81-EBB-aad ujarrás (Turriabla)

81-EBB-aae tucurric (Turriabla)

81-EBB-b Bribri Lari+ Telire+ Uren valleys Costa Rica (Limón; Puntarenas); also Panama

3

81-EBB-ba bribri talamanca "proper", talamanka "proper" (Limón; Puntarenas); also Panama 3

81-EBB-baa salitre-cabagra (Limón; Puntarenas)

81-EBB-bab amubre-katsi (Limón; Puntarenas)

81-EBB-bac coroma (Limón; Puntarenas)

81-EC NGOBERE+ BUGLERE chain

81-ECA NGOBERE+ BUGLERE net

81-ECA-a Ngobere ngäbere, guaymi, waimí Chiriquí lagoon & hinterland Panama (Bocas del Toro; Veraguas); also Costa Rica

4

81-ECA-aa ngobere-W. mobe, valiente (Bocas del Toro) 4

81-ECA-ab ngobere-E. tole, chiriqui (Bocas del Toro; Veraguas) 4

81-ECA-b Buglere nortenyo, muriré Serranía de Tabasará highlands Panama (Veraguas) 3

81-ECA-ba sabanero veraguas-sabanero (Veraguas) 1*

81-ECA-bb bokotá bokwetá, bogotá, bofota, bobota, bocota, bukueta (Veraguas) 3

81-ED CÓWGI+ ICA chain ARWAKO-NORTH, "highland" aruak

81-EDA CÓWGI net COGUI

81-EDA-a Cówgi Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta northern & western mountain-slopes Colombia (Magdalena…) 3

81-EDA-aa cówgi cogui, coghui, kogi, káugian, cágaba, kaggaba (Magdalena…) 3

81-EDB ICA net

81-EDB-a Ica Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern mountain-slopes Colombia (El César) 3

81-EDB-aa ica ihka, ika, ijca, ijka, ike, ikö, aruaca, arhuaco, bintuk, bíntukua, bíntucua (El César) 3

81-EDC WIWA net MALAYO

81-EDC-a WIWA Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern & eastern mountain-slopes

#proliferation of names (see below) suggests more than one component idiom

Colombia (El César; La Guajira) 2

81-EDC-aa wiwa malayo, dinima, wamaka, guamaca, marocasero, maracasero, marocacero, arosario, sanhá, sanja, sanka

(El César; La Guajira) 2

81-EE CHIMILA chain ARAWAKO-SOUTH

81-EEA CHIMILA net "lowland" aruak

81-EEA-a Chimila shimizya Valledupar environs: lowlands between Magdalena river & Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains

Colombia (Magdalena) 2

81-EEA-aa caca-weranos Caca Weranos (Magdalena)

81-EEA-ab 'san-jorge' Jorge (Magdalena)

Page 8: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 576 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

81-EF CHIBCHA+ TUNEBO chain

"NARROW"-CHIBCHAN

81-EFA TUNEBO net

81-EFA-a Tunebo-W. aguas-blancas Colombia (Santander del Sur) 3*

81-EFA-aa tunebo-W. (Santander del Sur) 3*

81-EFA-b Tunebo-E. "highland" tunebo Sierra Nevada de Cocuy highlands & eastwards Colombia (Santander del Sur;

Boyacá; Arauca); also Venezuela

3

81-EFA-ba tunebo-cobaría Satocá… Calafita… Tegría… Cobaría (Boyacá; Arauca)

81-EFA-bb tunebo-'angosturas' "angosturas" ¶nearly extinct in 1983's (Arauca) 1*

81-EFA-bc tunebo-tame "barro-negro", tame Tame-SW.: Barro Negro… San Lope… Tabías (Arauca) 2

81-EFA-c Chibcha Colombia central highlands Colombia 0

81-EFA-ca chibcha muisca, mosca ¶extinct Colombia 0

81-EG CUNA chain

81-EGA CUNA net

81-EGA-a Cuna kuna Panama; Colombia (Chocó; Antioquia)

4

81-EGA-aa cuna-'san-blas' "san-blas" cuna Golfo de San Blas off-shore islets and coast… plus

migration to Colón & Panamá cities and to banana-plantations Panama 4

81-EGA-aaa 'san-blas'-A. "insular" cuna Panama

81-EGA-aab chuana chucuna Panama

81-EGA-aac cueva Panama

81-EGA-aad bayano including alto-bayano. maje Panama

81-EGA-ab cuna-SE. "long-hair" cuna, in [51=] Español: caimán nuevo Golfo de Uurubá coast

Colombia; Panama 3

81-EGA-aba paya+ pucuro Paya… Pucuro villages Panama 2

81-EGA-abb cuna-'colombia' (Chocó; Antioquia) 2

81-EH BARÍ* chain

81-EHA BARÍ net

81-EHA-a Barí* Sierra de Perijá mountains… Oro+ Catatumo valley Colombia; Venezuela (Zulia) 3

81-EHA-aa barí "chibchan" motilón, motilone, barira, dobocubí, mape, cunguasaya #in

[51=] Español = «hairless» distinct from [80=] Yucpa ("Carib" Motilón)

(Zulia) 3

81-EI TUKURÁ + NOANAMA chain

81-EIA TUKURÁ+ NOANAMA net

; probable linguistic continuum #in an area of confused and

overlapping ethnolinguistic nomenclature

81-EIA-a Tukurá+ Tadó* Emberá, empera, berã, bera, epera, embena, epena, chocó, 'cholo' #emberá= «community»

Panama; Colombia (Antioquia; Choco; Caldas; Cordoba; Valle del Cauca)

4

81-EIA-aa sambú emberá-panama, darién, dariena, andágueda, part of 'emberá-N.' Sampú valley… Serranía del Darién mountains

Panama

81-EIA-ab atrato part of 'emberá-N.', including rio-sucio Atrato valley… Sucio lower valley

(Antioquia; Choco)

81-EIA-ac tukurá río-verde, part of 'emberá-N.' southwest of Uraba gulf (Choco)

81-EIA-ad catío* katio, epera-catio, evabida Cordillera Occidental northwest foothills (Cordoba; Antioquia) 4

81-EIA-ada murrí Murrí valley (Cordoba)

81-EIA-adb dabeiba Sucio upper valley: Dabeiba (Antioquia)

81-EIA-adc sinu Sinu upper valley (Cordoba)

81-EIA-add ngverá san-jorge San Jorge valley (Cordoba)

81-EIA-ade cauca including arma, cenu Cauca lower valley (Antioquia) 0

81-EIA-ae caramanta+ sitará Andes town… Cristiania… Caramantá (Antioquia; Caldas) 2*

81-EIA-af chamí including anserma Cordillera Occidental northern highlands: Anserma…

(Choco; Antioquia; Caldas) 4*

81-EIA-ag tadó embená-tadó Cordillera Occidental western foothills: San Juán upper valley (Tadó)

(Choco) 3*

81-EIA-ah baudó Baudo valley (Choco)

81-EIA-ai saija 'emberá-S.', epena-saija, epera-pedea, saixa, basarado, basurudo Naya coast

(Valle del Cauca; Cauca) 3

81-EIA-aj runa* Colombia 0

81-EIA-b Noanama waunana, wounan, wounaan, noenama, nonama, woun-meu, waumeo, chocama, chanco

Colombia (Valle del Cauca); Panama

3

81-EIA-ba noanama-N. "panamanian" waunana Panama 3

81-EIA-bb noanama-S. "colombian" waunana (Valle del Cauca)

Page 9: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 577

81-F COFÁN set KOFAN, part of "wider" chibchan

81-FA COFÁN chain

81-FAA COFÁN net

81-FAA-a Cofán kofan, kofán, a'i, kofane Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador (Napo)

2

81-FAA-aa cofán-N. (Putumayo) 2

81-FAA-ab 'santa-rosa' Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos (Napo) 2

81-FAA-ac 'aguarico' Aguarico upper valley (Napo) 2

81-G PAÉZ+ COCONUCO set

PAEZAN, paesan, part of "wider" paezan

81-GA COCONUCO+ GUAMBIANO chain

81-GAA COCONUCO+ GUAMBIANO net

81-GAA-a Coconuco Colombia (Cauca) 2*

81-GAA-aa coconuco kokonuko, wanaka* (Cauca)

81-GAA-b Totoró Colombia (Cauca) 0*

81-GAA-ba totoró (Cauca)

81-GAA-c Guambiano+ Mogés wambiano Colombia (Cauca) 3

81-GAA-ca guambiano guambia (Cauca) 3

81-GAA-cb mogés moguez (Cauca)

81-GB PAÉZ+ ANDAQUÍ chain

81-GBA PAÉZ+ PANZALEO net

81-GBA-a Paéz+ Pitayo Cordillera Central mountains: Popayán… Paéz Colombia (Huila) 4

81-GBA-aa paéz paes (Huila)

81-GBA-ab pitayo (Huila)

81-GBA-ac paniquita panikita (Huila)

81-GBA-b Panzaleo Cordillera Central mountains Ecuador (Pichincha; Cotopaxi;

Tungurahua)

0

81-GBA-ba panzaleo pansaleo (Pichincha; Cotopaxi; Tungurahua) 0

81-GBB ANDAQUÍ net X

81-GBB-a Andaquí Cordillera Central eastern slopes Colombia (Huila; Caquetá) 0

81-GBB-aa andaquí andakí (Huila; Caquetá)

81-H COAIQUER+ TSÁCHI set

BARBAKOAN, barbacoano, part of "wider" paezan

81-HA COAIQUER+ BARBACOAS chain

81-HAA COAIQUER+ BARBACOAS net

81-HAA-a Coaiquer+ Awa coaiquer Cordillera Central western slopes Colombia (Cauca; Nariño); Ecuador (Carchi)

3

81-HAA-aa coaiquer kwaiker, koaiker, cuaiquer, quaiquer, telembí (Cauca) 4

81-HAA-ab awa coaiquer-S. (Carchi) 3*

81-HAA-b Barbacoas+ Pasto* Barbacoas Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador (Carchi)

0

81-HAA-ba barbacoas Barbacoas (Nariño) 0

81-HAA-bb muelyama muellama (Nariño) 0

81-HAA-bc pasto (Nariño); (Carchi) 0

81-HB TSÁCHI+ TSÁFIKI chain

cayapa+ 'colorado'

81-HBA TSÁCHI net CAYAPA

81-HBA-a Tsáchi Cayapas river & tributaries: 5 enclaves Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 3

81-HBA-aa tsá-chi cha-chi, cayapa, kayapa; cha'-palaachi; tsá-che-la, cha-chilla community

(Esmeraldas) 3

81-HBB TSÁFIKI net COLORADO

81-HBB-a Tsáfiki Santo Domingo de los Colarados: forest west of Quito Ecuador (Pichincha; Los Ríos) 3

81-HBB-aa tsá-fiki 'colorado' community (Pichincha; Los Ríos) 3

81-I HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN set

X

81-IA HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN chain

X

81-IAA HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN net

X

81-IAA-a Hirahara Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Falcón) 0

81-IAA-aa hirahara jirajara (Falcón) 0

81-IAA-b Ayomán Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0

81-IAA-ba ayomán ayamán (Lara) 0

Page 10: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 578 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

81-IAA-c Gayón Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0

81-IAA-ca gayón coyón (Lara) 0

81-J TACAME set ESMERALDA, part of tacame+ pumé grouping X

81-JA TACAME chain X

81-JAA TACAME net X

81-JAA-a Tacame Esmeralda coast Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 0

81-JAA-aa tacame esmeralda, takame (Esmeraldas) 0

81-K PUMÉ set YARURO, part of tacame+ pumé grouping

81-KA PUMÉ chain jaruro

81-KAA PUMÉ net

81-KAA-a Pumé Capanaparo swamps and northwards Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3

81-KAA-aa pumé pumeh, yaruro, yaruru, jaruro, llaruro, yuapín Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3

81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ set

X

81-LA TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ chain

X

81-LAA TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ net

X

81-LAA-a Timote+ Cuica timoteano Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 0

81-LAA-aa timote (Mérida) 0

81-LAA-ab cuica kuika (Mérida) 0

81-LAA-b Mutús+ Loco* near Pueblo Llano: Mutús Venezuela (Barinas) 2

81-LAA-ba mutús mutu (Barinas) 2

81-LAA-bb loco (Barinas)

81-LAA-c Mucuchí+ Maripú Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 0

81-LAA-ca mucuchí mukuchi, mucuchí "proper" (Mérida) 2

81-LAA-cb maripú mirripú Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 2

81-M BETOY set X

81-MA BETOY chain X

81-MAA BETOY net X

81-MAA-a Betoy Colombia (Arauca) 0

81-MAA-aa betoy (Arauca) 0

81-N YURIMANGI set X

81-NA YURIMANGI chain X

81-NAA YURIMANGI net X

81-NAA-a Yurimangi Yurimangi valley Colombia (Valle de Cauca) 0

81-NAA-aa yurimangi yurumangi (Valle de Cauca) 0

81-O CAMSÁ set

81-OA CAMSÁ chain

81-OAA CAMSÁ net

81-OAA-a Camsá Sibundoy valley Colombia (Putumayo) 3

81-OAA-aa camsá kamsá, kamse, kamemtxa, sibundoy, coche Sibundoy valley (Putumayo) 3

81-P GUARAO set WARAO

81-PA GUARAO chain

81-PAA GUARAO net

81-PAA-a Guarao "wider" guarao, warao, guarano, guarauno, tivativa Orinoco delta-

coast: Marowijne, Maroni lower valley ¶a few elderly speakers each side of Venezuela-Guyana frontier; also (perhaps extinct) each side of Guyana-Surinam frontier

Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; Delta Amacuro); Guyana (Barima-Waini; Upper Demerara-Berbice); Surinam (Nickerie)

1

81-PAA-aa guarao-A. warao "proper", warrau, uarow, arao-te Venezuela

81-PAA-ab guasay Venezuela

81-PAA-ac mariusa araguao Venezuela

81-PAA-ad hoanarau Venezuela

81-PAA-ae cocuina Venezuela

81-PAA-af changuane* Venezuela

Page 11: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 579

82= ARAWAKIC phylozone

covers the "Maipuran" ("Maipurean") or "Core Arawakan" grouping, part of the "wider Arawakan" hypothesis; comprising

2 sets of languages (= 50 outer languages) formerly spoken by communities in the Caribbean and spoken at end 20

th

century by widely scattered communities in Meso-America

and South-America, from Guatemala and Belize to French Guiana and northern Brazil, Peru and Bolivia:

82-A WAYÚU+ BANIWA 82-B ASHÁNINGA+ YANESHA

originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…; in

20th cent: Belize; Bolivia; Brazil;

Colombia; Dominica; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Peru; St.Vincent; Surinam; Venezuela

5

82-A WAYÚU+ BANIWA set

MAIPURAN-NORTH

82-AA TAINO notional chain

82-AAA TAINO notional net

82-AAA-a Taino Greater Antilles archipelago ¶probably extinct by 18th century originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…

82-AAA-aa taino representing at least one language for each major island originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…

82-AB GARIFUNA+ 'DOMINICAN' chain

KALÍPHONA.

82-ABA Garifuna+ 'Dominican' net

kalíphona, inyeri-kalíphona, kalipona, "island carib" influence < [80=] Cariban; original [82=] Inyeri language was preserved by Arawakan women in communities dominated from 15th century by Carib males

speaking one or more [80=] Carib languages

82-ABA-a 'Dominican' kalíphona-N. ¶extinct since early 1920's Dominica island Dominica 0

82-ABA-aa 'dominican' Dominica 0

82-ABA-b Garífuna+ 'Vincentian'

kalíphona-S.St.Vincent island; deported late 18th cent. to Central

America

formerly St.Vincent; deportation> Belize; Guatemala; Honduras

5

82-ABA-ba garifuna "black carib" ¶speakers arrived as deportees from St.Vincent island in

1790's current dialects to be established Gulf of Honduras coast Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; also

Nicaragua 5

82-ABA-bb 'vincentian' ¶extinct since 1920's St.Vincent island St.Vincent 0

82-AC WAYÚU+ AROWÁK chain

WAHIRO

82-ACA WAYÚU+ ALILE net

82-ACA-a Wayúu wahiro "proper" La Guajira peninsula… Lago de Maracaibo west

shore Colombia (La Guajira); Venezuela (Zulia)

5

82-ACA-aa wayúu guajiro, wahiro, goahiro, goajiro, guajira (La Guajira); (Zulia) 5

82-ACA-b Alile+ Toa Paraujano, parahujano, parauhano, anyu ¶20 speakers or less in

1970's Tablazo bay: Guasare mouth Venezuela (Zulia) 1

82-ACA-ba alile (Zulia)

82-ACA-bb toa (Zulia)

82-ACB AROWÁK net

82-ACB-a Arowák arahuaco, arowak, aruak, aruaki, lokono geographically fragmented Venezuela (Delta Amacuro); Guyana (Essequibo; Demerara; Berbice); Surinam (Nickerie); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne)

3

82-ACB-aa arowák-W. Isla Corocoro coast… west of Essequibo estuary (Delta Amacuro); (Essequibo) 3*

82-ACB-ab arowák-C. coast & swamps around Berbice estuary… Courantyne, Corantijn valley

(Demerara; Berbice); (Nickerie) 3*

82-ACB-ac arowák-E. Mana middle valley… Courcibo valley (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne) 2

82-AD ATORAÍ+ MAOPIDYÁN chain

WAPIXANA, wapixána, wapitxana, wapisiana, vapidiana

82-ADA ATORAÍ+ MAOPIDYÁN net

82-ADA-a Atoraí+ Maopidyán geographically fragmented Kanuku mountains>S.: Rupunini valley… Uraricuera valley

Guyana (Essequibo); Brazil (Roraima); also Venezuela (Bolívar)

4

82-ADA-aa atoraí ator'ti, dauri Guyana and/or Brazil

82-ADA-ab mawakua Guyana and/or Brazil

82-ADA-ac maopidyán maopidian, mapidian, maopityan, maiopitian Guyana and/or Brazil

82-ADA-ad mawayana mahuayana Guyana and/or Brazil

82-ADA-ae amariba ¶perhaps extinct Guyana and/or Brazil

Page 12: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 580 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

82-AE PALIKÚR+ MARAWÁN chain

82-AEA PALIKÚR+ MARAWÁN net

82-AEA-a Palikúr+ Marawán French Guiana (Cayenne); Brazil (Amapá)

3

82-AEA-aa palikúr palikour, palicur, palijur Oyapock, Oiapoque river (Cayenne); (Amapá) 3

82-AEA-ab marawán+ karipurá Brazil (Amapá) 0

82-AF TSASE+ JUKUNA chain

82-AFA TSASE+ ACHAGUA net

82-AFA-a Achagua Colombia (Meta; Boyaca); also Venezuela

2

82-AFA-aa achagua ajagua, xagua, achagwa (Meta; Boyaca) 2

82-AFA-b Amarizana Colombia (Meta) 0

82-AFA-ba amarizana (Meta) 0

82-AFA-c Tsase Piapoko Colombia (Vaupés; Vichada; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas); also Brazil (Amazonas)

3

82-AFA-ca tsase dzase, dzaze (Vaupés; Vichada; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)

3

82-AFB CAVIYARI net

82-AFB-a Caviyarí Cananarí river Colombia (Amazonas) 2*

82-AFB-aa caviyarí kaviyarí, kawiyarí, cabiyari, cabiuarí, cauyarí, kauyarí, cuyare, kawillary Colombia (Amazonas) 2*

82-AFC INAHISHANA net WAINUMÁ X

82-AFC-a Inahishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFC-aa inahishana wainumá, wai, waima, wainumi, wainambi, waipi, yanuma (Amazonas) 0

82-AFD ANAUYÁ* net X

82-AFD-a Anauyá Venezuela (Amazonas) 0

82-AFD-aa anauyá (Amazonas) 0

82-AFE GUAREQUENA+ MANDAHUACA net

WAREKENA

82-AFE-a Guarequena* Guainía valley… Isana, Içana valleys Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Colombia (Guainía)

2

82-AFE-aa guarequena guarekena, arequena, urequema, warekena, walékhena, warekeña, werekena, uerequema, werikena

Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Colombia (Guainía)

2

82-AFE-b Mandahuaca mandawaka Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)

3

82-AFE-ba mandahuaca mandauaca, mandawáka, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana, yavita, mitua Casiquiare river… Baria river

Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)

3

82-AFE-c Xiriana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Demeni tributaries… Rio Negro left-bank tributaries

Brazil (Amazonas) 2*

82-AFE-ca xiriana shiriana, xiriâna (Amazonas) 2*

82-AFF JUMANA+ PASE net X

82-AFF-a Jumana Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFF-aa jumana Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFF-b Pase Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFF-ba pase Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFF-c Kaiwishana Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFF-ca kaiwishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AFG YUCUNA+ GARU net

82-AFG-a Yucuna Caquetá tributary: Miriti+ Parana valley Colombia (Amazonas) 3

82-AFG-aa yucuna yukuna, jukuna, chukuna, matapí Colombia (Amazonas) 3

82-AFG-b Garu Colombia (Caquetá) 2*

82-AFG-ba garu guaru (Caquetá)

82-AG BANIWA+ TARIANA chain

82-AGA TARIANA net

82-AGA-a Tariana tariáno, taliáseri Vaupés river Brazil (Vaupés); formerly also Colombia (Vaupés)

3*

Page 13: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 581

82-AGB BANIWA+ MAPANAI* net

KARU, including tapuya, tapuia kadawa-purtana, cadaua-puritana, kadau-purítana #the names tapuya and kadawa-purtana have each been applied to several idioms in an area of confused and variable

ethnolinguistic nomenclature

82-AGB-a Ipeca+ Cúrrim Brazil (Amazonas); Colombia (Vaupés; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)

3*

82-AGB-aa cúrrim curripaco, curipaco, kuripaco, kurripaco, kuripako, koripako, korispaso, korripako, karupaka Isana, Içana river… Guainia river… Inírida rivers

Colombia (Vaupés; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)

3*

82-AGB-ab unhun enhen, onhon Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-ac ipeca pato-tapuya, pato-tapuia, cumata, ipeka, ipeca-tapuia, ipeka-tapuya, ipeka-tapuia, pacu, paku-tapuya, payuliene, payuáliene, palioariene Isana, Içana river

Brazil (Amazonas) 2

82-AGB-ad waliperi veliperi Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-b Baniwa+ Wadzoli Huhúteni, karru, carútana, karutana, kurútana Isana, Içana middle

river… Ayarí, Aiari river Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)

4

82-AGB-ba baniwa-N. baniva-N., avani, ayane, abane Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)

0

82-AGB-bb quirruba* Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)

0

82-AGB-bc baniwa-S. baniua-do-içana, maniba, baniva-S., baniba, issana Río Negro valley… Isana, Içana valley

Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)

3

82-AGB-bd kohoroxitari classification with Baniwa-S. to be confirmed Rio Negro valley… Brazil (Amazonas) 2

82-AGB-be hohodene hohodena Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bf siusí suisy, suisy-tapuia, siusy-tapuya, seuci, siuci, siusi Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bg adaru Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bh arara Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bi dzaui dzawi Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bj adzáneni tatú Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bk yauarete jauarete, yawareté, yawarete-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bl yurupari jurupari, yurupari-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bm máulieni kawa Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bn mapache Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bo wadzoli uadzoli Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-bp urubu Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-c Mapanai+ Katapolítani

Brazil (Amazonas) 2*

82-AGB-ca katapolítani Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-cb moriwene sikuriyú Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-cc mapanai ira Brazil (Amazonas)

82-AGB-d Yabaana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Marauiá+ Cauaboris headwaters

Brazil (Amazonas) 1

82-AGB-da yabaana jabaana, yabaâna, yabarana Brazil (Amazonas) 1

82-AH BARÉ+ YAVITERO chain

82-AHA BARÉ+ GUINAO net

82-AHA-a Guinao+ Temomoyamo

Venezuela (Bolívar) 0

82-AHA-aa guinao ginao, quinhao, guaniare, inao (Bolívar)

82-AHA-ab temomoyamo* temomeyeme (Bolívar)

82-AHA-b Baré+ Barawana barawana, barauna, barauana, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana, yavita, mitua Guainía valley… Casiquiare valley… Río Negro upper valley

Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)

2

82-AHA-ba baré barawâna-N. Venezuela (Amazonas) 2

82-AHA-bb barawana baré-S., "brazilian" baré Brazil (Amazonas) 1

82-AHA-c Marawá* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AHA-ca marawá* (Amazonas) 0

82-AHB YAVITERO net X

82-AHB-a Yavitero ¶extinct since 1980's Venezuela 0

82-AHB-aa yavitero yavitano, paraene Venezuela 0

82-AI RESÍGARO chain

82-AIA RESÍGARO net

82-AIA-a Resígaro near Putumayo river Peru (Loreto); Colombia (Amazonas)

1

82-AIA-aa resígaro resígero (Loreto); (Amazonas) 1

Page 14: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 582 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

82-AJ MANAO+ KARIAÍ chain

X

82-AJA MANAO net X

82-AJA-a Manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AJA-aa manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0

82-AJB KARIAÍ net X

82-AJB-a Kariaí Brazil (Roraima) 0

82-AJB-aa kariaí (Roraima) 0

82-AK TUBARÃO+ MASAKÁ* chain

insufficent data for certain classification

82-AKA TUBARÃO+ MASAKÁ net

82-AKA-a Tubarão+ Masaká Brazil (Rondônia) 2*

82-AKA-aa tubarão aikaná, huari, wari, uari, corumbiara, kolumbiara (Rondônia)

82-AKA-ab masaká massacá (Rondônia)

82-B ASHÁNINGA+ YANESHA set

MAIPURAN-SOUTH

82-BA YANESHA+ CHAMICURO chain

82-BAA CHAMICURO net

82-BAA-a Chamicuro tributary of Huallaga river Peru (Loreto) 2

82-BAA-aa chamicuro chamicura, chamicolo (Loreto) 2

82-BAB YANESHA net AMUESHA

82-BAB-a Yanesha Pachitea+ Perea headwaters Peru (Pasco; Junín) 3

82-BAB-aa yanesha amuesha, amuese, amueixa, amoishe, amagues, amage, omage, amajo, amaje, amuetamo

(Pasco; Junín) 3

82-BB ASHÁNINGA+ MACHIGUENGA* chain

CAMPA, kampa

82-BBA ASHÁNINGA+ MACHIGUENGA net

82-BBA-a Asháninga+ Casharari

campa-NW. Peru (Huánuco; Pasco; Loreto; Junín; Cuzco); also Brazil (Acre; Amazones)

4

82-BBA-aa asháni-nga asháni-nca, asháninca-campa (Huánuco; Pasco; Loreto) 4

82-BBA-ab ashéni-nga ashéni-nca, ashéninca-campa (Loreto…) 3

82-BBA-ac pajonal part of pajonal-campa Gran Pajonal highlands (Pasco; Junín; Loreto)

82-BBA-ad ats-iri at-iri, part of pajonal-campa (Loreto…)

82-BBA-ae ucay-ali Ucayali valley (Loreto) 3

82-BBA-af unini Ucayali upper valley: Unini (Loreto)

82-BBA-ag pichis Pichis valley (Pasco) 3

82-BBA-ah perene Perené upper valley (Junín) 3

82-BBA-ai apurucay-ali Apurimac valley (Cuzco)

82-BBA-aj cashar-ari kashar-ari, jurua-purus 2 (Cuzco*…) 2

82-BBA-b Machiguenga+ Cogapacori

campa-SE. Peru (Junín; Cuzco; Loreto; Madre de Dios)

4

82-BBA-ba no-matsigue-nga no-matsiguenga-campa, no-matsigenga, at-iri (Junín) 3

82-BBA-bb caquinte caquinte-campa, kakinte, poyenisate, 'cachomash-iri', 'kachomas-iri' Picha valley… Mayapo valley… Poyeni valley

(Cuzco)

82-BBA-bc machigue-nga matsige-nga, matsiga-nga, matsige-nka, macheye-nga Urubamba valley… Mishagua valley… Camisea valley… Picha valley… Manu valley…

(Cuzco; Loreto; Madre de Dios) 3

82-BBA-bd mañaries (Cuzco*…)

82-BBA-be cogapac-ori (Cuzco*…) 2

82-BC PIRO+ APURIÑA chain

82-BCA PIRO+ CANAMARÉ net

82-BCA-a Piro+ Canamaré geographically fragmented Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre); formerly Bolivia (Pando)

3

82-BCA-aa piro maniteneri-W., piro "proper", pirro, pira Urubamba… Ucayali valleys (Loreto) 3

82-BCA-ab contaquiro chontakiro (Loreto)

82-BCA-ac simirinch simirinche, simiranch (Loreto)

82-BCA-ad manitenerí piro-E., manchineri, machinere, maxinéri, manchinere, manitenere Acre upper left bank

(Acre)

82-BCA-ae 'mashco'-piro cujareno, cujarenño, inñapari, inamari, 'mashco' ¶nomadic Cujar valley… Purus valley… Tahuamanu upper valley… Mishagua valley… Piedras valley

(Madre de Dios); (Acre); (formerly Pando)

2*

82-BCA-af canamaré kanamaré (Acre) 0

Page 15: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 583

82-BCB APURIÑA* net

82-BCB-a Apuriña ipurinân, apurina, ipurina, jurua-purus Acre+ Purus river: Rio Branco… Manaus (fragmented riverine communities over a length of 1000 miles)

Brazil (Acre; Amazonas) 3

82-BCB-aa apuriña-A. Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)

82-BCB-ab kangite Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)

82-BCB-ac popeng-are Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)

82-BCB-ad zuruahá coxodoá Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)

82-BD BAURE+ MOJO chain

82-BDA BAURE net

82-BDA-a Baure west of Itonamas river Bolivia (El Beni) 1*

82-BDA-aa baure (El Beni) 1*

82-BDB MOJO+ BANURE net

82-BDB-a Mojo moxo, moxos, mojos, "ignaciano+ trinitario" Tijamuchi upper valley Bolivia (El Beni) 4

82-BDB-aa 'ignaciano' (El Beni)

82-BDB-ab 'loretano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)

82-BDB-ac 'javierano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)

82-BDB-b Banure Bolivia (El Beni) 2

82-BDB-ba banure chiquimiti, chikimiti Bolivia (El Beni) 2

82-BDB-c Pauna+ Paikone Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0

82-BDB-ca pauna paunaca (Santa Cruz) 0

82-BDB-cb paikone paiconeca (Santa Cruz) 0

82-BE TERENA+ GUANA chain

82-BEA TERENA+ GUANA net

82-BEA-a Terena 4

82-BEA-aa terena terêna, tereno, etelena Brazil (Mato Grosso) 4

82-BEA-b Guana Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0

82-BEA-ba guana kinikinao, chuala, chana, paraná-E., kinihinao, equinao ¶extinct (Mato Grosso) 0

82-BF PARESÍ+ SARAVECA chain

82-BFA PARESÍ+ SARAVECA net

82-BFA-a Paresí+ Saraveca Planalto do Mato Grosso plateau Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2

82-BFA-aa paresí paressí, parecís (Mato Grosso)

82-BFA-ab haliti* (Mato Grosso)

82-BFA-ac saraveca (Mato Grosso)

82-BG WAURA+ YAWALAPITI chain

82-BGA WAURA+ YAWALAPITI net

82-BGA-a Waura+ Custenau Xingu river-basin Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2

82-BGA-aa custenau kustenau (Mato Grosso) 0

82-BGA-ab mehináku mehinaco, mahinaku, minaco (Mato Grosso) 2

82-BGA-ac waurá uaura, aura (Mato Grosso) 2

82-BGA-b Yawalapití Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1

82-BGA-ba yawalapití jaulapiti, yaulapiti (Mato Grosso) 1

Page 16: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 584 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

83= PRE-ANDES geozone

covers the "Pre-Andes" reference area, composed of sets not

covered by any phylozone; comprising 20 sets of languages (= 73 outer languages) spoken by communities in South America along the eastern margins of the Andes:

83-A COFÁN 83-B MURUI+ OKAINA 83-C ANDOQUE 83-D BORA+ MIRAÑA 83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN 83-F CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO 83-G SHIMACU+ ITUCALI 83-H CÁYAPWI+ IQUITO

83-I YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI 83-J ITE'TSHI 83-K OMURANO 83-L CANDOXI+ CHAPARA 83-M YURAKARE+ MANSINYO 83-N CASHIBO+ JUANAWO 83-O CHAPACURA+ TORÁ 83-P ITONAMA+ SARAMO

83-Q CAYUBABA 83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA 83-S MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ 83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA

including languages sometimes known as 'maina' or 'mayna',

an outsiders' term applied indifferently to a variety of indigenous languages in Peru and adjacent countries

From Ecuador to Bolivia, "Amerindian" languages in the Pre-Andes area are frequently submerged < [84=] Quechua+ Quichua, as well as by [51=] Español.

Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru

4

83-A COFÁN set

83-AA COFÁN chain

83-AAA COFÁN net

83-AAA-a Cofán kofan, kofane, a'i Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador (Napo)

2

83-AAA-aa cofán-NW. "santa-rosa" San Miguel valley: Santa Rosa de Sucumbio & downstream

(Putumayo); (Napo) 2

83-AAA-ab cofán-SE. aguarico-2 Aguarico valley (Napo) 2

83-B MURUI+ OKAINA set witotoan, part of "wider" witotoan

83-BA MURUI+ OKAINA chain

83-BAA MURUI+ NÜPODE net

HUITOTO, witoto, minica+ murui

83-BAA-a Murui murui-huitoto, including bue Caquetá lower river… Amazonas upper

river: Caraparana… Putumayo… Leticia valleys

Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)

3

83-BAA-aa murui-N. Colombia… 3

83-BAA-ab murui-C. Peru… 3

83-BAA-ac murui-S. Brazil… 0

83-BAB-a Nüpode+ Noaiko* Minica, meneka, minika, meneca-huitoto Caquetá lower river (Isla de los Monos)… Caguan river (Sanvicente del Caguan)

Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)

3

83-BAB-aa nüpode nipode Colombia; Peru; also Brazil

83-BAB-ab noaiko-muína muinane-meneca, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam distinct from neighbouring [83=] Bora (Muinane-Bora)

Colombia; also Peru 3

83-BAC NONUÑA net X

83-BAC-a Nonuña perhaps including hairuya Peru (Loreto) 0*

83-BAC-aa nonuña nonuya, nyonuhu, achote, achiote (Loreto) 0*

83-BAD COERUNA net X

83-BAD-a Coeruna Brazil (Amazonas) 0

83-BAD-aa coeruna koeruna (Amazonas) 0

83-BAE ANDOQUERO net X

83-BAE-a Andoquero Colombia (Amazonas) 0

83-BAE-aa andoquero andokero, miraña, carpana (Amazonas) 0

83-BAF OCAINA+ DUKAIYA net

83-BAF-a Ocaina+ Dukaiya Ampicayu valley… Putumayo valley Peru (Loreto); also Colombia (Amazonas)

2

83-BAF-aa ocaina okaina Peru (Loreto); also Colombia (Amazonas)

83-BAF-ab dukaiya Peru (Loreto)…

83-BAF-ac ibo'tsa Peru (Loreto)…

83-BAG OREJÓN net X

83-BAG-a Orejón Peru (Loreto) 0

83-BAG-aa orejón koihoma, koto (Loreto) 0

Page 17: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 585

83-C ANDOQUE set part of "wider" witotoan

83-CA ANDOQUE set

83-CAA ANDOQUE set

83-CAA-a Andoque Caqueta valley: Aduche tributary Peru (Loreto); Colombia (Amazonas)

2

83-CAA-aa andoque andoke Peru (Loreto); Colombia

(Amazonas)

2

83-D BORA+ MIRAÑA set miranyan, borano, part of "wider" witotoan

83-DA BORA+ MIRAÑA chain

83-DAA BORA+ MIRAÑA net "wider" bora

83-DAA-a Bora+ Faai* Caqueta valley Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto)

2

83-DAA-aa bora muinane-bora, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam distinct from neighbouring [83=] Noaiko-Muína (Muinane-Meneca)

Colombia; Peru

83-DAA-ab faai* Colombia; Peru

83-DAA-ac imihita* Colombia; Peru

83-DAA-b Miraña Caqueta valley: Miraña environs… Putumayo valley: Puca Urco environs

Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)

3

83-DAA-ba miraña bora-miraña, miraña, miranya, miranha (Amazonas); (Loreto); (Amazonas) 3

83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN set

"WIDER"-JIVARO, "wider" hivaro, part of hívaro+ kawapánan

83-EA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN chain

83-EAA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN net

83-EAA-a Shuar+ Huambisa Jivaro, hívaro, xíbaro, xívaro, jibaro, chiwaro Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-Santiago); Peru (Loreto; Amazonas)

4

83-EAA-aa shuar jivaro-W., shuara Central Andes forested eastern slopes Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) 4

83-EAA-ab achuara achuar+ shiwiar, achual, achuale, including shiwiar Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-Santiago), Peru (Loreto)

3

83-EAA-aba achuara-N. jivaro-N. Pastaza valley Bobonaza valley Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-Santiago)

83-EAA-abb achuara-S. jivaro-S. Morona valley Tigre valley Peru (Loreto)

83-EAA-ac huambisa huambiza, wambisa Santiago valley (Amazonas)

83-EAA-b Aguajun Marañon middle river & tributaries Peru (Amazonas; Loreto) 4

83-EAA-ba aguajun aguaruna, awaruna, awahun, ahuajun (Amazonas; Loreto) 4

83-F CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO set

"kahuapanan", cahuapanano

83-FA CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO chain

83-FAA CHAYAHUITA+ YAMORAÍ net

83-FAA-a Chayahuita+ Yamoraí

between Marañon & Huallaga valleys Peru (Loreto; San Martín) 3

83-FAA-aa chayahuita chayahuita "proper", chayawita, chawi, tsaahui, chayhuita, chayabita, shayabit, balsapuertino, paranapura foothills west of Huallaga river

Peru

83-FAA-ab cahuapana kahuapana, cahuapa, kawapaná Peru

83-FAA-ac yamoraí Peru

83-FAB JEVERO net

83-FAB-a Jevero Jeberos district Peru (Loreto) 3

83-FAB-aa jevero jebero, jevero, hevero, xebero, chebero, shewélo, xihuila (Loreto) 3

83-G SHIMACU+ ITUCALI* set

URARINA

83-GA SHIMACU+ ITUCALI chain

83-GAA SHIMACU+ ITUCALI net

83-GAA-a Shimacu+ Itucali urarina, oruariña, oruarinya Marañon left bank tributaries: Chambira+ Tigre etc.

Peru (Loreto) 3

83-GAA-aa shimacu shimaku, chimaku (Loreto)

83-GAA-ab itucali itukale (Loreto)

83-GAA-ac singacuchusca singakuchuska (Loreto)

83-GAA-ad arucuye aracuye (Loreto)

83-GAA-ae chambira huambisa (Loreto)

83-GAA-af waorani (Loreto)

Page 18: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 586 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

83-H CÁYAPWI+ IQUITO set

; including languages submerged < the advance of [84=] Quechua+

Quichua (Pastaza), in an area between Napo & Pastaza rivers

83-HA CÁYAPWI+ CHIRIPUNU chain

83-HAA CÁYAPWI+ CONAMBO net

ZAPARO

83-HAA-a Cáyapwi+ Conambo Curaray valley… Bobanza valley Peru (Loreto), migration> Ecuador (Pastaza)

2

83-HAA-aa cáyapwi sáparo, zaparo, zaparoano, zápara, káyapwi, kayapwé Peru (Loreto)

83-HAA-ab conambo konambo Conambo valley Peru (Loreto)

83-HAB CHIRIPUNU+ SIMICAI net

ARABELA+ ANDOA

83-HAB-a Chiripunu+ Simicai Peru (Loreto) 2

83-HAB-aa chiripunu arabela, chiripuno Napo tributary: Arabela valley (Loreto) 2

83-HAB-ab aushiri auxira Napo right bank tributaries (Loreto) 0

83-HAB-ac simicai andoa, simikai, shimigae, semigae, gae, gaye ¶5 speakers in 1980's

submerged < [84=] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Pastaza valley (Loreto) 1

83-HB IQUITO+ CAHUARÁN chain

83-HBA IQUITO+ CAHUARÁN net

83-HBA-a Iquito+ Cahuarán Nanay valley Peru (Loreto) 2

83-HBA-aa iquito ikito, iquita, quiturran (Loreto) 2

83-HBA-ab amacacore* amakakore, hamacore (Loreto)

83-HBA-ac puca-uma* puka-uma (Loreto)

83-HBA-ad cahuarán kawarán, cawaran, cahuarano ¶5 speakers in 1970's submerged <

[84=] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Nanay valley (Loreto) 1*

83-I YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI set

yawan, peban, peba-yaguan

83-IA YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI chain

83-IAA YAMÉO net

83-IAA-a Yaméo Amazon+ Manañon left-bank: Tigre… Nanay tributaries Peru (Loreto) 1*

83-IAA-aa yaméo ¶perhaps extinct (50 speakers in 1920's) (Loreto) 1*

83-IAB PEBA net X

83-IAB-a Peba Peru (Loreto) 0*

83-IAB-aa peba peva (Loreto) 0*

83-IAC NIXAMWI net YAGUA

83-IAC-a Nixamwi Amazon valley: Iquitos to Colombia & Brazil frontiers Peru (Loreto) 3

83-IAC-aa nixamwi yagua, yahua, llagua, yegua, yava (Loreto) 3

83-J ITE'TSHI set TAUSHIRO

83-JA ITE'TSHI chain

83-JAA ITE'TSHI net

83-JAA-a Ite'tshi off Tigre valley: Intutu environs Peru (Loreto) 1

83-JAA-aa ite'tshi taushiro, pinchi, pinche (Loreto) 1

83-K OMURANO set X

83-KA OMURANO chain X

83-KAA OMURANO net X

83-KAA-a Omurano Peru (Loreto) 0

83-KAA-aa omurano omurana, numurana, humurana, roamaina, umurano (Loreto) 0

83-L CANDOXI+ CHAPARA set

83-LA CANDOXI+ CHAPARA chain

83-LAA CANDOXI+ CHAPARA net

83-LAA-a Candoxi+ Chapara Morona valley… Pastaza valley… Huitoyacu valley… Chapuli valley Peru (Loreto) 3

83-LAA-aa candoxi kandoshi, candoshi (Loreto)

83-LAA-ab chapara shapra, kandoashi (Loreto)

83-LAA-ac murato* morato (Loreto)

Page 19: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 587

83-M YURACARE+ MANSINYO set

83-MA YURACARE+ MANSINYO chain

83-MAA YURACARE+ MANSINYO net

83-MAA-a Yuracare+ Mansinyo north of Cordillera de Cochabamba mountains Bolivia (Beni; Cochabamba) 3

83-MAA-aa yuracare yura (Beni; Cochabamba)

83-MAA-ab mansinyo (Beni; Cochabamba)

83-MAA-ac soloto (Beni; Cochabamba)

83-N CASHIBO+ JUANAWO set

PANOAN, part of pano+ takanan classification into chains and nets to be reviewed #the suffix recorded as -nawa, -naawa, -naua, -nahua (or -nauo, -navo) has been standarised as -nawa (or -nawo) in reference-names in this set, alongside the suffixes -bo (or -bu) and -waca (for -huaca)

83-NA CASHIBO+ CASHINAWA chain

83-NAA CASHIBO+ NOCAMAN net

83-NAA-a Cashibo+ Cacataibo hagueti, managua Aguaytia… San Alejandro valleys Peru (Loreto) 3

83-NAA-aa cashi-bo cashi, kashi-bo, caxi-bo, caci-bo, cahi-vo (Loreto) 2

83-NAA-ab cacatai-bo kakatai-bo (Loreto) 2

83-NAA-b Nocaman ¶presumed extinct; 3 speakers reported in 1920's Inuya headwaters… Amueya valley… Tamaya valley

Peru (Loreto) 0

83-NAA-ba nocaman nocoman, nokaman Peru (Loreto) 0

83-NAB PISABO+ PAHENBAQUEBO* net

TAPICHE

83-NAB-a Pisabo+ Mayubo Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre; Amazonas)

4*

83-NAB-aa mayu-bo mayu, mayo between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 0*

83-NAB-ab pisa-bo pisa-hua, pisa-gua between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 4

83-NAB-b Pahenbaquebo+ Capanawa

transition < Panoan-CE. Tapiche valley… Buncuya valley (Loreto) 2

83-NAB-ba capa-nawa capa-nahua, kapa-nawa separate identity from [83=] Capa-nawa-2 to

be confirmed

(Loreto) 2

83-NAB-bb pahenbaque-bo pahenbaque (Loreto)

83-NAC SHIPIBO+ MARÚBO net

83-NAC-a Shipibo+ Pichobo "wider" shipiUcayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 4

83-NAC-aa shipi-bo shipi (Loreto)

83-NAC-ab coni-bo coni, koni-bo, coni-ba (Loreto)

83-NAC-ac pisqui-bo pisqui (Loreto)

83-NAC-ad shete-bo shete, sete-bo, seti-bo, xiti-bo (Loreto)

83-NAC-ae manoita (Loreto)

83-NAC-af isco-nawa isco-nahua, isco-baque-bu Callaria valley (Loreto) 1

83-NAC-ag picho-bo picho, picho-bu Tahuania valley (Loreto) 0

83-NAC-ah saboi-bo saboi Tahuania valley (Loreto)

83-NAC-b Capanawa Canchyuaya hills Peru (Loreto) 3

83-NAC-ba capa-nawa-2 capa-nahua 2 separate identity from [83=] Capa-Nawa (in

Pahenbaquebo+ Capanawa net) to be confirmed (Loreto) 3

83-NAC-c Marúbo+ Corubo Curuçá+ Ipixuna+ Javarí headwaters Brazil (Amazonas) 2

83-NAC-ca marú-bo marú, maruba, marova (Amazonas)

83-NAC-cb coru-bo koru (Amazonas)

83-NAC-d Waninnawa+ Sanainawa*

Catucina, katukina, catuquína-juruá Gregório valley Brazil (Amazonas; Acre) 3

83-NAC-da wanin-nawa (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-db kaman-nawa kaman-naua, kama-nawa 2 (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-dc arara-shawa-nawa shawa-nawa-arara (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-dd arara-wa (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-de arara-pina (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-df sanai-nawa sanai-nawa-cana (Amazonas and/or Acre)

83-NAC-e Remo between Tapiche & Calleria valleys… Moa headwaters Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 0

83-NAC-ea remo rheno (Loreto); (Acre)

83-NAD PANABO net X

83-NAD-a Panobo Ucayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 0

83-NAD-aa pano-bo pana, pano, huaria-pano, waria-pano, manoa, pelado (Loreto)

Page 20: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 588 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

83-NAE PUINAWA+ MORUNAWA* net

83-NAE-a Puinawa+ Yahuanawa

Brazil (Amazonas; Acre); also Peru 3

83-NAE-aa xipi-nawa xipi-náwa, xipi-nahua (Amazonas; Acre) 0

83-NAE-ab pui-nawa poya-náwa, pui-nahua, poia-nááua, pui-nahuam Jumá tributary: Môa valley

(Acre) 2

83-NAE-ac yahua-nawa yawa-nawa, iaua-naua, jawa-naua, yahua-nahua (Acre) 2

83-NAE-b Parquenawa+ Kamanawa

Peru (Ucayali; Madre de Dios); Brazil (Acre)

3

83-NAE-ba parque-nawa parque-nahua, manu-park-panoan, nahua Panagua valley: Madre de Dios

Peru+ Brazil frontier

83-NAE-bb tushi-nawa tushi-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier

83-NAE-bc kama-nawa kama-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier

83-NAE-c Morunawa+ Paconawa

Envira, Embira headwaters Peru (Ucayali); Brazil (Acre) 2

83-NAE-ca moru-nawa moro-nawa, moru-nahua Peru…

83-NAE-cb horu-nawa horu-nahua, horu-dahua, fore-dafa Peru…

83-NAE-cc paco-nawa paco-nahuaCuranja+ Purus valleys Peru…

83-NAF CASHINAWA+ YAMINAWA net

83-NAF-a Amawaca+ Inuvaceu Sepahua valley… Curiuja valley… Ucayali upper valley… Inuya valley… Mapuya valley… Purus valley

Peru (Ucayali; Cuzco; Madre de Dios); Brazil (Acre)

3

83-NAF-aa ama-waca ama-huaka, ama-wáka, ama-guaco, amue-haque, amen-guaca Peru…

83-NAF-ab sa-yaco sa-yako, sa-yacu Peru…

83-NAF-ac inu-vaceu Peru…

83-NAF-ad viwi-vaceu Peru…

83-NAF-b Cashinawa+ Sheminawa*

kashi-nahua, kaxi-nawá, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nauá, caxi-nawá Curanja… Purus valleys

Peru; Brazil (Amazonas) 3

83-NAF-ba cashi-nawa cashi-nahua, kashi-nahua, kaxi-nawá, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nauá, caxi-nawá

Peru…

83-NAF-bb nukuini Peru…

83-NAF-bc neha-nawa Peru…

83-NAF-bd shemi-nawa shemi-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-c Sharanawa+ Chandinawa

Purus upper drainage… Envira, Embira upper drainage Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 3

83-NAF-ca shara-nawa shara-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-cb mari-nawa mari-náwa, mari-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-cc chandi-nawa chandi-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-d Yaminawa+ Shaonawa

Huacapishtea… Mapuya valleys Peru (Madre de Dios); also Brazil; and migration> Bolivia (Pando)

3

83-NAF-da yami-nawa jami-nawá, yami-nahua, yumi-nahua, yama-nawa Peru…

83-NAF-db masta-nawa masta-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-dc masro-nawa masro-dawa, masro-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-dd cujareño* Peru…

83-NAF-de nishi-nawa nishi-dawa, nishi-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-df chito-nawa chito-dawa, citto-nahua Peru…

83-NAF-dg shao-nawa shao-dawa, shahua-nahua, shao-nahua Peru…

83-NAG ATSAWACA+ YAMIACA net

X

83-NAG-a Atsawaca+ Yamiaca ¶20 speakers in 1904 Tambopata tributary: Carama valley… Inambari tributary: Chaspa valley

Peru (Madre de Dios) 0

83-NAG-aa atsa-waca atsa-huaca (Madre de Dios)

83-NAG-ab yam-iaca (Madre de Dios)

83-NB MATSÉS+ MAYORUNA chain

83-NBA MATSÉS+ MAYORUNA net

83-NBA-a Matsés+ Mayoruna matse, matís ; a possible fusion of related idioms spoken by refugee

groups near Tapiche headwaters Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre; Amazonas)

3

83-NBA-aa matsés Peru… 3

83-NBA-ab mayoruna majoruna, maxuruna, majuruna, mayiruna, maxirona, magirona, mayuzuna

Peru…

83-NC CASHARARÍ chain

83-NCA CASHARARÍ net

83-NCA-a Cashararí Jurua valley… Purus valley Brazil (Amazonas) 2

83-NCA-aa cashar-arí kashar-ari (Amazonas) 2

Page 21: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 589

83-ND CULINO chain X

83-NDA CULINO net X

83-NDA-a Culino near Peru frontier apparently distinct from [87=] Kulina (Kulino) in

same geographic area Brazil (Amazonas) 0

83-NDA-aa culino (Amazonas) 0

83-NE XANINAWA chain X

83-NEA XANINAWA net X

83-NEA-a Xaninawa shani-nawa Brazil (Acre) 0*

83-NEA-aa xani-nawa (Acre) 0*

83-NF INUBU+ MANANAWA* chain

SENSI X

83-NFA INUBU+ MANANAWA net

X

83-NFA-a Inubu+ Mananawa senti, tentiUcayali right-bank Peru (Loreto) 0

83-NFA-aa inu-bu inu, ynu-bu (Loreto)

83-NFA-ab runu-bu runu (Loreto)

83-NFA-ac casca (Loreto)

83-NFA-ad mana-nawa mana-nahua (Loreto)

83-NG JUANAWO+ CHÁCOBO chain

"panoan"-S.

83-NGA PACAHUARA net

83-NGA-a Pacahuara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni); also Brazil 2

83-NGA-aa paca-huara paca-wara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 1*

83-NGB CHÁCOBO net

83-NGB-a Chácobo Bolivia (El Beni) 2

83-NGB-aa cháco-bo (El Beni) 2

83-NGC JAUNAWO+ PAMANA net

CARIPUNA

83-NGC-a Jaunawo+ Pamana karipuna, caripuná-do-guaporé, caripuná-de-rondônia distinct from [88=] Karipuna-Paraná Jaru valley… Jamery valley… Urupa valley…

Cabecciras valley… Candeias valley

Brazil (Rondônia) 1*

83-NGC-aa jau-nawo jua-nauo, jua-navo (Rondônia)

83-NGC-ab jacaria (Rondônia)

83-NGC-ac pama-na pama (Rondônia)

83-O CHAPACURA+ TORÁ* set

CHAPACURAN, chapacurano

83-OA TORÁ chain "chapacuran"-N.

83-OAA TORÁ net

83-OAA-a Torá Marmelos lower valley Brazil (Amazonas) 1

83-OAA-aa torá toraz ¶17 speakers in 1980's Brazil (Amazonas) 1

83-OB ITENE+ WANYAM chain

"chapacuran"-C.

83-OBA ITENE+ ITOREAUHIP net

83-OBA-a Itene+ Itoreauhip more, guarayo Mamoré+ Itenez confluence ¶nearly extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*

83-OBA-aa itene iten, iteneo, itenez (El Beni)

83-OBA-ab itoreauhip (El Beni)

83-OBB WANHAM+ ABITANA* net

83-OBB-a Wanham+ Cujuna ¶nearly extinct Bolivia (Rondônia) 1*

83-OBB-aa wanham wanyam (Rondônia)

83-OBB-ab pawumwa (Rondônia)

83-OBB-ac cujuna cuijuna (Rondônia)

83-OBB-ad mataua matama (Rondônia)

83-OBB-ae urunumacan (Rondônia)

83-OBB-b Abitana+ Cumana Bolivia (Rondônia) 1*

83-OBB-ba abitana (Rondônia)

83-OBB-bb cumana (Rondônia)

83-OBB-bc cutinaa (Rondônia)

83-OBB-c Cabixí* Planalto dos Parecís slopes ¶perhaps extinct Brazil (Mato-Grosso) 1*

83-OBB-ca cabixí kabixí, cabichí, cabishi distinct from [86=] Cabixi (Mato Grosso) 1*

83-OBC CHAPACURA+ JARÚ net

"chapacuran"-S.

83-OBC-a Jarú+ Urupá Brazil (Rondônia) 2

83-OBC-aa urupá (Rondônia)

83-OBC-ab jarú (Rondônia)

Page 22: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 590 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

83-OBC-b Orowari+ Uomo Brazil (Rondônia) 3

83-OBC-ba oro-wari pakaás-novos, pacaás-novos, pakaá-nova, pacaha-novo Pacaás Novos hills

(Rondônia)

83-OBC-bb uomo (Rondônia)

83-OBC-c Quitemoca+ Napeca Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0

83-OBC-ca quitemo-ca kitemo, kitemo-ca (Santa Cruz) 0

83-OBC-cb nape-ca (Santa Cruz) 0

83-OBC-d Chapacura+ Huachir Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0

83-OBC-da chapacura txapacura, txapakura, tapacura (Santa Cruz) 0

83-OBC-db huachir (Santa Cruz) 0

83-P ITONAMA+ SARAMO* set

83-PA ITONAMA+ SARAMO chain

83-PAA ITONAMA+ SARAMO net

83-PAA-a Itonama+ Saramo Itonomas valley ¶perhaps extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*

83-PAA-aa itonama (El Beni)

83-PAA-ab machoto (El Beni)

83-PAA-ac saramo (El Beni)

83-Q CAYUBABA set

83-QA CAYUBABA chain

83-QAA CAYUBABA net

83-QAA-a Cayubaba ¶nearly extinct north of Santa Ana Bolivia (El Beni) 1*

83-QAA-aa cayubaba cayuwaba, cayuvava (El Beni) 1*

83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA set

TAKANAN, part of pano-takanan

83-RA BAGUAJA+ TOROMONA chain

'chama'

83-RAA BAGUAJA+ HUANAYO net

83-RAA-a Baguaja+ Huanayo Ese'eha, ese-ejja, ese-eja, ese-exa, tiatinagua, íchamaí Madre de Dios upper valley… Tambopata valley… Heath valley… Madidi valley

Peru (Madre de Dios; Punu); Bolivia (La Paz)

3

83-RAA-aa bagua-ja bagua-jairi Peru…

83-RAA-ab mohino Peru…

83-RAA-ac chun-cho Peru…

83-RAA-ad echo-ja Peru…

83-RAA-ae guara-yo huara-yo, tambopata-guarayo Peru…

83-RAA-af huana-yo Peru…

83-RAA-ag quinaqui kinaki Peru…

83-RAB TOROMONA net X

83-RAB-a Toromona Bolivia (Pando… ) 0

83-RAB-aa toromo-na turamo-na, toromono (Pando… ) 0

83-RB CAVINEÑA chain

83-RBA CAVINEÑA net

83-RBA-a Cavineña including many extinct unlisted idioms Beni lower valley… (formerly) Madre de Dios valley

Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 3

83-RBA-aa cavineña cavinenyo, kavineño, kavinya (Pando; El Beni) 3

83-RC ISIAMA+ ARAONA chain

83-RCA ARAONA+ CAPECHENE net

83-RCA-a Araona+ Capechene Manupari valley Bolivia (Pando); also Brazil (Acre) 2

83-RCA-aa arao-na ¶language of moiety "1" Bolivia…

83-RCA-ab cavi-na* kavi-na, kavi-nya, cari-na, kari-na ¶language of moiety "2" possible relationship with neighbouring [83=] Cavinenya to be investigated

Bolivia…

83-RCA-ac capeche-ne kapache-ne Bolivia…

83-RCA-ad mabenaro Bolivia…

83-RCB ISIAMA+ TUMAPASA net

TACANA

83-RCB-a Isiama+ Tumapasa* taca-na, tuca-na, taka-na including many extinct or near-extinct

languages or dialects, listed alphabetically north of Bala hills

Bolivia (La Paz) 3

83-RCB-aa ayaychu-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-ab babaya-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-ac chiliuvo (La Paz)

83-RCB-ad chiva-mo-na (La Paz)

Page 23: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 591

83-RCB-ae idia-ma (La Paz)

83-RCB-af isia-ma ixia-ma, isia-na Ixiamas (La Paz)

83-RCB-ag pamai-no (La Paz)

83-RCB-ah pasara-mo-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-ai sapuru-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-aj silia-ma (La Paz)

83-RCB-ak tumapasa tumupasa, maracani Tumupasa (La Paz)

83-RCB-al uchupia-mo-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-am yabaypura (La Paz)

83-RCB-an yubamo-na (La Paz)

83-RCC REYESANO+ 'SAN-BORJANO' net

83-RCC-a Reyesano+ 'San-Borjano'

reyesan Bala hills>E. Bolivia (El Beni) 3

83-RCC-aa reyesano Reyes (El Beni)

83-RCC-ab 'san-borjano' San Borja (El Beni) 3*

83-S MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ set

part of moseten+ chon

83-SA MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ chain

83-SAA MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ net

83-SAA-a Moseten+ Tsimané Santa Miguel de Huachi… Santa Ana de Alto Beni Bolivia (El Beni) 3

83-SAA-aa tsimané chimane, chumano Bolivia (El Beni) 3

83-SAA-ab moseten Bolivia (El Beni) 2

83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA set

CHON, part of moseten+ chon

83-TA TEHUELCHE+ TSÓNEKA chain

83-TAA TEHUELCHE+ TSÓNEKA net

83-TAA-a Tehuelche+ Tsóneka

aoniken, gunua-kena, gununa-kena, inaquen originally Chile; migration> Argentina (Patagonia: Chubut; Santa Cruz)

1

83-TAA-aa tewesh Argentina

83-TAA-ab tehuelche-S. distinct from [85=] Günüa-Küne (Tehuelche-N.) Argentina

83-TAA-ac tsóneka Argentina

83-TB ONA+ HAUSH chain "island" chon X

83-TBA ONA net X

83-TBA-a Ona Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia); Chile (Magallanes)

0

83-TBA-aa ona aona, selknam, shelknam, shilknam, shillkanen (Patagonia: Tierra del Fuego); (Magallanes: Tierra del Fuego)

0

83-TBB HAUSH net X

83-TBB-a Haush Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia) 0

83-TBB-aa haush (Patagonia) 0

Page 24: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 592 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

84= ANDES geozone covers the "Andes" reference area, composed of sets not

covered by any phylozone; comprising 13 sets of languages (= 28 outer languages) spoken by communities in South America along the Andes ranges from Colombia to Bolivia

(extending into Brazil and Argentina):

84-A CANYARI+ MOCHICA 84-B SEC+ TALLÁN 84-C CATACAO+ COLÁN 84-D CHOLÓN+ HIBITO 84-E CULYI 84-F QUECHUA+ QUICHWA

84-G HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI 84-H LAPACHU 84-I LECO 84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU 84-K PUQUINA 84-L CALLAHUAYA* 84-M URU+ CHIPAYA

Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru

6

84-A CANYARI+

MOCHICA set CHIMUAN, chimuano X

84-AA CANYARI+ MOCHICA chain

X

84-AAA CANYARI+ PURUWÁ net

X

84-AAA-a Puruwá Ecuador (Chimborazo; Bolívar) 0

84-AAA-aa puruwá (Chimborazo; Bolívar) 0

84-AAA-b Canyari Ecuador (Cañar; Azuay) 0

84-AAA-ba canyari kanyari (Cañar; Azuay) 0

84-AAB MOCHICA net X

84-AAB-a Mochica Peru (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0

84-AAB-aa mochica (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0

84-B SEC+ TALLÁN set SECHURA, part of sec+ catacao grouping X

84-BA SEC+ TALLÁN chain X

84-BAA SEC+ TALLÁN net X

84-BAA-a Sec+ Tallán sechura Sechura bay Peru (Piura) 0

84-BAA-aa sec sek (Piura) 0

84-BAA-ab tallán talyán (Piura) 0

84-C CATACAO+ COLÁN set

"catacaoan", catacaoano, part of sec+ catacao grouping X

84-CA CATACAO+ COLÁN chain

X

84-CAA CATACAO net X

84-CAA-a Catacao Piura valley: Catacaos Peru (Piura) 0

84-CAA-aa catacao katakao (Piura) 0

84-CAB COLÁN net X

84-CAB-a Colán Peru (Piura) 0

84-CAB-aa colán kolán Peru (Piura) 0

84-D CHOLÓN+ HIBITO set

"cholonan"

84-DA HIBITO chain X

84-DAA HIBITO net X

84-DAA-a Hibito Huallaga middle valley Peru (San Martín) 0

84-DAA-aa hibito jibito, chibito, zibito, ibito, xibita, xibito Huallaga middle valley (San Martín) 0

84-DB CHOLÓN chain

84-DBA CHOLÓN net

84-DBA-a Cholón Huallaga upper valley: Tingo María… Valle Peru (Huánuco) 1*

84-DBA-aa cholón tinganeses, seeptsa Peru (Huánuco) 1*

84-E CULYI set X

84-EA CULYI chain X

84-EAA CULYI net X

84-EAA-a Culyi Huaylas Peru (La Libertad) 0

84-EAA-aa culyi kulyi, culli, culle, linga (La Libertad) 0

Page 25: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 593

84-F QUECHUA+ QUICHWA set

kechua+ kichwa

84-FA QUECHUA+ QUICHWA chain

84-FAA QUECHUA+ QUICHWA net

quichua, quichwa, kichwa, kichuwa, originally qheswa, qheshwa-simi; "quechuan", "kichuan", runa-simi, 'modern inca' #variant forms

quechua (centre & south) and quichwa, quichua, kichwa, kichuwa (north) are derived from qheswa> qheshwa-simi =«valley> valley-speech»; runa-simi =«human-speech»

84-FAA-a Inga "colombian" quichua, part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Colombia (Nariño; Putumayo) 4

84-FAA-aa sibundoy "highland" inga, "highland" quichua-N. Sibundoy valley… (Nariño) 3

84-FAA-aaa 'santiago' "santiag" inga Santiago (Nariño)

84-FAA-aab 'san-andrés' "san-andrés" inga San Andrés (Nariño)

84-FAA-aac aponte 'aponte' inga Colón (Nariño)

84-FAA-ab caquetá "lowland" inga, "jungle" inga, ingano-N., "upper" putomayo Caquetá

upper river… Putomayo upper river

(Putomayo; Caqueta) 3

84-FAA-aba yunguillo+ condagua (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)

84-FAA-abb guayuyaco (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)

84-FAA-abc mocoa* (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)

84-FAA-b Ingano "lowland" quichua, "jungle" quichua, yumbo, alama, ingana, inga-S., quichua-E., in [51=] Español: quichua oriente, part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Amazon upper left-bank tributaries: Putumayo middle valley… Pastaza valley

Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador (Napo; Pastaza; Morona Santiago); Peru (Loreto)

6

84-FAA-ba quixo kicho, quijo Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador (Napo); Peru (Loreto; also

transported to Madre de Dios)

4

84-FAA-baa putumayo-M. Putumayo middle valley (Amazonas); (Napo)

84-FAA-bab napo-M. Napo middle valley (Napo); (Loreto)

84-FAA-bac santarosino Napo lower valley: Santa Rosa (Loreto)

84-FAA-bad madre-de-dios San Lorenzo environs (Madre de Dios)

84-FAA-bb pastaza-N. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru (Loreto)

3

84-FAA-bba tena shandia Napo upper valley: Tena (Napo)

84-FAA-bbb bobonaza Bobonaza valley (Pastaza)

84-FAA-bbc pastaza-M. Pastaza middle valley (Pastaza)

84-FAA-bbd tigre Tigre valley (Loreto)

84-FAA-bc pastaza-S. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru (Loreto)

3

84-FAA-bca anatico Anatico lake

84-FAA-bcb huasaga Huasaga valley

84-FAA-bcc pastaza Pastaza lower valley

84-FAA-bcd urituyacu Urituyacu valley

84-FAA-c Quichua-Altiplano "highland" quichua-CS., in [51=] Español: quichua del altiplano, part of "peripheral" Quechua-N. ; representing a probable overlay of "pre-

incan" Quechua by the northward expansion of "incan" Quechua in the 15th century Andes mountains & high plateaux: Otavalo… Loja #quichua del altiplano =quichua «of the plateau»

Ecuador (Imbabura; Pichincha; Cotopaxi; Bolívar; Tungurahua; Chimborazo; Cañar; Azuay; Loja)

6

84-FAA-ca imbabura otavalo, "highland" quichua-CN. Sierra de Otavalo highlands (Imbabura) 5

84-FAA-cb pichincha "highland" quichua-C. (Pichincha) 4

84-FAA-cba cayembe Cayembe

84-FAA-cbb calderón Calderón

84-FAA-cc chimborazo "highland" quichua-CS., "standard" ecuador quichua Sierra de Chimborazo highlands

(Cotopaxi; Bolívar; Tungurahua; Chimborazo)

6

84-FAA-cca cotopaxi (Cotopaxi)

84-FAA-ccb bolívar (Bolívar)

84-FAA-ccc ambato Ambato environs (Tunguruhua)

84-FAA-ccd riobamba chimborazo "proper" Riobamba environs (Chimborazo)

84-FAA-cd salasaca tunguruhua, "highland" quichua-CE. Salasaca environs with dialects to be identified

(Tunguruhua) 3

84-FAA-ce cuenca "highland" quichua-S. Sierra de Cuenca (Cañar; Azuay; Loja) 4

84-FAA-cea cañar (Cañar)

84-FAA-ceb azuay (Azuay)

84-FAA-cec saraguro Saraguro environs (Loja)

84-FAA-ced loja Loja environs (Loja)

Page 26: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 594 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

84-FAA-d Quechua-W. "peruvian" quechua-NW., part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Peru (Lambayeque) 4

84-FAA-da lambayeque Lambayeque coastal plain… Andes western slopes (Lambayeque) 4

84-FAA-daa incahuasi Incahuasi district (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-dab cañaris Cañaris district (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-dac miracosta Miracosta district (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-dad penachí Penachí (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-dae santa-lucía Santa Lucía (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-daf ferrañafe Ferrañafe (Lambayeque)

84-FAA-db cajamarca+ chetilla Andes western slopes Peru (Cajamarca) 4

84-FAA-dba cajamarca Cajamarca (Cajamarca)

84-FAA-dbb chetilla (Cajamarca)

84-FAA-dbc los-baños Los Baños (Cajamarca)

84-FAA-dc chachapoyas Andes eastern slopes: Chachapoyas district Peru (Amazonas) 3

84-FAA-dca chachapoyas-W. Lamud (Amazonas)

84-FAA-dcb chachapoyas-E. Mendoza (Amazonas)

84-FAA-dcc chachapoyas-S. La Jalca (Amazonas)

84-FAA-dd lamista quechua-"san-martín" further dialects to be identified Andes eastern slopes

Peru (San Martín; Ucayali) 4

84-FAA-dda lama lamista "proper", lamano, lamisto, lamas Lamas (San Martín)

84-FAA-ddb sisa San José de Sisa (San Martín)

84-FAA-ddc ucayali Ucayali valley (Ucayali)

84-FAA-ddd motilín (Ucayali)

84-FAA-e Chinchaysuyo quechua-chinchaysuyo Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5

84-FAA-ea ancash-N. (Ancash)

84-FAA-eaa corongo Corongo district (Ancash)

84-FAA-eab sihuas Sihuas district (Ancash)

84-FAA-eb ancash-C. (Ancash)

84-FAA-eba yungay Yungay district (Ancash)

84-FAA-ebb huaraz Huaraz district (Ancash)

84-FAA-ebc huailas Huaylas district (Ancash)

84-FAA-f Quechua-C. at the geographical centre of the Quechua+ Quichua net Peru (Ancash; Lima; Huánuco; Pasco)

5

84-FAA-fa ancash-E. Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5

84-FAA-faa conchucos ancash-CE. Conchucos (Ancash)

84-FAA-fab chiquián ancash-SE. Chiquián (Ancash)

84-FAA-fb lima-N. Andes western slopes Peru (Lima) 4

84-FAA-fba cajatambo Cajatambo (Lima)

84-FAA-fbb oyín Oyón (Lima)

84-FAA-fbc pacaraos (Lima)

84-FAA-fc huánuco Peru (Huánuco; Lima) 5

84-FAA-fca marañon Marañon headwaters (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fcb humalíes (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fcc monzín Monzón (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fcd huallaga Huallaga upper valley (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fce 'dos-de-mayo' Dos de Mayo (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fcf margos-chaulán Margos-Chaulán (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fcg panao quechua-pachitea, pachitea (Lima)

84-FAA-fd ambo-pasco Peru (Huánuco; Pasco) 3

84-FAA-fda ambo huánuco-S. (Huánuco)

84-FAA-fdb huariaca pasco-CW. Huallaga upper valley (Pasco)

84-FAA-fe pasco "high" pasco in an area of considerable linguistic complexity, with further idioms to be identified Andes high valleys and slopes

Peru (Pasco) 4

84-FAA-fea tusi Santa Ana de Tusi (Pasco)

84-FAA-feb yanahuanca Yanahuanca (Pasco)

84-FAA-ff junín+ tarma Peru (Junín) 4

84-FAA-ffa junín Junín (Junín-NW.)

84-FAA-ffb tarma 2 dialects Tarma (Junín-NW.)

84-FAA-fg huanca wanka Peru (Junín)

84-FAA-fga jauja shausha-wanka, junín-C. Mantaro valley: Jauja (Junín-W.)

84-FAA-fgb huaycha waycha, huanca, huancayo-C. Huancayo (Junín-SW.)

84-FAA-fgc huaylla-W. waylla-W. (Junín)

84-FAA-fgd huaylla-E. waylla-E. (Junín)

Page 27: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 595

84-FAA-g Yauyos* in an area of high linguistic complexity, with further languages and/or

dialects to be identified; position within Quechua+ Quichua net to be clarified Andes western slopes: Yauyos environs

Peru (Lima) 4

84-FAA-ga huacarpana San Pedro de Huacarpana (Lima)

84-FAA-gb apurí Apurí (Lima)

84-FAA-gc madeán+ viñac (Lima)

84-FAA-gca madeán (Lima)

84-FAA-gcb viñac Viñac (Lima)

84-FAA-gd huangáscar+ azángaro

(Lima; also Ica)

84-FAA-gda huangáscar-A. Huangáscar (Lima)

84-FAA-gdb chocos Chocos (Lima)

84-FAA-gdc azángaro Azángaro (Ica border)

84-FAA-ge cacra+ hongos (Lima)

84-FAA-gea cacra (Lima)

84-FAA-geb hongos (Lima)

84-FAA-gf tana+ lincha (Lima)

84-FAA-gfa tana (Lima)

84-FAA-gfb lincha (Lima)

84-FAA-gg tomás+ alis (Lima)

84-FAA-gga tomás (Lima)

84-FAA-ggb alis (Lima)

84-FAA-gh huancaya+ vitis (Lima)

84-FAA-gha huancaya (Lima)

84-FAA-ghb vitis (Lima)

84-FAA-h Quechua-S. "peripheral" quechua-S. Peru; Bolivia 6

84-FAA-ha ayucucho+ apurimac

chanka dialects to be clarified Andes mountains: Mantaro valley…

Ayucucho highlands Peru (Huancavelica; Ayucucho; Apurimac)

6

84-FAA-haa huancavelica (Huancavelica)

84-FAA-hab ayucucho (Ayucucho)

84-FAA-hac andahuaylas apurimac-N. (Apurimac)

84-FAA-had apurimac (Apurimac)

84-FAA-hb arequipa Andes western slopes Peru (Arequipa) 4

84-FAA-hba cotahuasi arequipa-NW. Cotahusi environs (Arequipa)

84-FAA-hbb arequipa-C. (Arequipa)

84-FAA-hbc arequipa-NE. "highland" arequipa (Arequipa)

84-FAA-hc cuzco+ puno "imperial" quechua-N. Andes highlands: Vilcanota valley… Titicaca

lake (A )Peru (Cuzco; Puno) 6

84-FAA-hca cuzco Urubamba… Cuzco… Sicuani (Cuzco)

84-FAA-hcb puno influence < [84=] Aymara Ayaviri (Puno)

84-FAA-hd apolo+ sandia la-paz-N., quechua-bolivia-N. Andes eastern slopes Peru (Punu); Bolivia (La Paz) 5

84-FAA-hda sandia Sandia (Punu)

84-FAA-hdb apolo Apolo (La Paz)

84-FAA-hdc charazani (Punu and/or La Paz)

84-FAA-hdd chuma Chuma (La Paz)

84-FAA-he potosí+ sucre quechua-bolivia-S. Andes highlands & eastern slopes Bolivia (Oruro; Potosí; Cochabamba; Chuquisaca; also La Paz; Santa Cruz); also migration>

Argentina (Salta; Buenos Aires)

6

84-FAA-hea oruro Poopo-N. lake: Oruro (Oruro)

84-FAA-heb potosí Potosí… (Potosí)

84-FAA-hec cochabamba Cochabamba… (Cochabamba)

84-FAA-hed sucre Sucre… (Chuquisaca)

84-FAA-hf jujuy+ 'antofagasta' colla, puna Bolivia frontier… Puna de Atacama highlands Argentina (Jujuy; Salta); also Chile

(Antofagasta)

84-FAA-hfa jujuy (Jujuy; Salta) 4

84-FAA-hfb 'antofagasta' (Antofagasta) 0*

84-FAA-hg santiagueno Chaco plains Argentina (Santiago del Estero; also Salta)

4

Page 28: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

page 596 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

84-G HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI set

"WIDER"-TUYONERI, disputed part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis

84-GA HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI chain

84-GAA HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI net

"wider" amaraka, 'masco', 'mashco'

84-GAA-a Huachipaeri+ Puquirieri

harakmbet Madre de Dios valley… Keros valley… Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios) 2*

84-GAA-aa huachipa-eri huachipa-ire, wacipa-ire Peru 2*

84-GAA-ab kochimb-eri Peru

84-GAA-ac manuqui-ari Peru 1

84-GAA-ad puquiri-eri pukiri-eri Peru 1

84-GAA-b Amaracaeri+ Karenteri

Madre de Dios valley… Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco; Madre de Dios) 2

84-GAA-ba amaraca-eri amaraka-eri "proper", amaraka-ire, amaraca-ire Peru 2

84-GAA-bb tuyon-eri toyo-eri, tuyun-eri, tuyon-eri "proper" classification to be confirmed Peru

84-GAA-bc kisamba-eri Peru

84-GAA-bd sapit-eri Peru

84-GAA-be ipitin-eri* Peru

84-GAA-bf küpondirid-eri kipondirid-eri Peru

84-GAA-bg wintap-eri Peru

84-GAA-bh wakitan-eri Peru

84-GAA-bi karent-eri karen-eri Peru

84-GAA-c Arasa-iri* classification to be confirmed Peru 1

84-GAA-ca arasa-iri* araza-ire, aratsa-ira, arasa Peru

84-H LAPACHU set part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis

84-HA LAPACHU chain

84-HAA LAPACHU net

84-HAA-a Lapachu Apolo environs Peru (La Paz) 0

84-HAA-aa lapachu apolista Peru (La Paz) 0

84-I LECO set

84-IA LECO chain

84-IAA LECO net

84-IAA-a Leco ¶perhaps extinct mountains near Apolo Bolivia (La Paz) 1*

84-IAA-aa leco lapalapa, leko, ateniano (La Paz) 1*

84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU set

jaqui, haki

84-JA AYMARA+ JAQARU chain

84-JAA JAQARU+ CAUQUI net

84-JAA-a Jaqaru+ Cauqui hakaru+ kauki Yauyos… Tupe Peru (Lima) 3

84-JAA-aa jaqaru haqaru, haqearu, haq'aru, hakaru, akaro, hakearu (Lima)

84-JAA-ab cauqui kawki, cachuy, chauqui, kauki, kauke (Lima)

84-JAB AYMARA net

84-JAB-a Aymara aimara northwest and southeast of Titicaca lake> NW.& SE. ; area progressively reduced since 15th cent. by advance of [84=] Quechua from both directions

Peru (Puno; Moquegua; Tacna; formerly Cuzco; Apurimac… ); Bolivia (La Paz; Oruro; originally also Potosi… ); Chile (Tarapacá; Antofagasta); also Bolivian migrant

workers> Argentina

6

84-JAB-aa aymara-C. "central" aymara (Puno); (La Paz) 6

84-JAB-aaa lupaca lupaka, lupacca, "literary" aymara Peru; Bolivia

84-JAB-aab titicaca-N. Titicaca-N. lake (Puno)

84-JAB-aac pakase pakaze La Paz… (La Paz)

84-JAB-aad caranga karanga, karanka, oruro Oruro… (Oruro)

84-JAB-aae tarapacá (Tarapacá)

84-JAB-aaf quillagua kilagua, kilaka, quillacas Quillagua (Antofagasta)

84-JAB-ab aymara-S. (Moquegua; Tacna) 4

84-JAB-aba moquegua Moquegua… (Moquegua)

84-JAB-abb tacna Tacna… (Tacna)

84-K PUQUINA set X

84-KA PUQUINA chain X

84-KAA PUQUINA net X

84-KAA-a Puquina Pichu Pichu peak>S.: Puquina formerly Peru (Moquegua); also

Bolivia 0

84-KAA-aa puquina pukina (Moquegua)… 0

Page 29: 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector - Bienvenue / Welcome - … 1999-2000... · 8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569 8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 597

84-L CALLAHUAYA* notional set

notional classification, pending further information

84-LA CALLAHUAYA chain

84-LAA CALLAHUAYA net

84-LAA-a Callahuaya callawalla, kallawaya, qualyawaya, pohena Andes highlands north of

La Paz Bolivia (La Paz) 1

84-LAA-aa callahuaya callawalla ¶secret language of male herbal doctors related to [84=] Quechua and/or [84=] Aymara and perhaps to [84=] Pukina

(La Paz) 1

84-M URU+ CHIPAYA set

84-MA URU+ CHIPAYA chain

84-MAA URU+ CHIPAYA net

84-MAA-a Uru kotsuny Uru-Uru+ Poopó lakes Bolivia (Oruro) 1*

84-MAA-aa uru kotsuny (Oruro) 1*

84-MAA-b Chipaya north of Coipasa lake Bolivia (Oruro) 3*

84-MAA-ba chipaya (Oruro) 3*