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Cuadro 5.2 Análisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo promedio por sistema ……………………….65
Cuadro 5.3 Gastos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche ………………………………………………..69
Cuadro 5.4 Gastos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche promedio por sistema ………………..………69
Cuadro 5.5 Gastos en efectivo por vaca en el hato …………………………………………….…….73
Cuadro 5.6 Gastos en efectivo por vaca en el hato, promedio por Sistema …………………………73
Cuadro 5.7 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por tamaños de hato, año 2005. ………………….74
Cuadro 5.8 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por sistema, año 2005. ………………………..…..74
Cuadro 5.9 Vacas por trabajador …………………………………………………………………….77
Cuadro 5.10 Venta de leche por trabajador y libras de leche por trabajador………………………….77
Cuadro 5.11 Valor de la producción por hora de trabajo…………………………………………..….77
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200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
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990
199
1 1
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3 1
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1999
2000
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1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
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1982
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1994
1997
2000
2003
Años
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0$#+/.*(A(+,+!&-!1,'!A,2/&$\,'.!0#$!1#!)&-#'!,!-(A&1!+&1!(-'/)#!,-(),10!513/-#'!,-,1('*,'!
&901(.,-!&'*&!)&M#$,)(&-*#!+&!1,!0$#+/.*(A(+,+!.#)#!/-!&V&.*#!+&1!)&M#$,)(&-*#!3&-L*(.#.!
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4
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1994
1997
2000
2003
Años
Cu
erd
as
>$5V(.,!:0G!j$&,!&-!0,'*#!&-!*#*,1!+&!A,2/&$\,'!+&!"/&$*#!8(.#0!5]#'!:eG:!O!%FFF0!2/&-*&)!98<?.!<-V#$)&'!5-/,1&'!:eGF!O!%FFF0!
!
!
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Años
Vac
as
>$5V(.,!:0F!:M)&$#!+&!A,.,'!&-!&1!*#*,1!+&!A,2/&$\,'!+&!"/&$*#!8(.#0!5]#')!:eG:!O!%FFF0!2/&-*&)!98<?.!<-V#$)&'!5-/,1&'!:eGF!O!%FFF0!
5
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1994
1997
2000
2003
Años
Cua
rtill
os
de le
che
>$5V(.,!:0I0!"$#+/..(3-!+&!1&./&!&-!./,$*(11#'!&-!A,2/&$\,'!+&!"/&$*#!8(.#0!5]#')!:eG:!O!%FFF0!!2/&-*&)!98<?.!<-V#$)&!5-/,1&'!:eGF!O!%FFF0!
El mejoramiento en productividad es también explicado por la intensidad con la que usa el
terreno, aunque cada vez es menos el área en pasto por animal, se han hecho mejoras en los forrajes
cultivados, mayor cuidado del suelo y rotación de las áreas en pastoreo. Esta mayor productividad esta
asociada igualmente con las vaquerías de mayor tamaño (medida por cuartillos de leche producidos
diariamente), cuyo número han aumentado en toda la isla, las cuales explotan economías de tamaños en
su operación (González, 1992) aprovechando su habilidad para adquirir mejor tecnología, estructuras e
incentivos gubernamentales.
La distribución de las vaquerías de acuerdo al volumen de producción diario ha evolucionado en
Puerto Rico (Gráfica 1.6). Las vaquerías que producen menos de 200 cuartillos diariamente, así como las
vaquerías que producen de 200 a 499 cuartillos de leche por día, se ha reducido por las razones explicadas
anteriormente. Mientras las vaquerías que producen de 500 a 999 cuartillos de leche diario crecieron
desde 1961 hasta 1970 y desde 1971 empezó a decrecer gradualmente, pero la caída más fuerte empieza
en 1995. Aunque no existen estudios publicados que documenten estos cambios en el tamaño de las
vaquerías, se puede asumir que aún las vaquerías con producción entre los 500 y 999 cuartillos se
tornaron vaquerías pequeñas, de baja eficiencia productiva y con dificultad para mantenerse en el
negocio.
6
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Años
Vaq
uer
ias
< de 200 200 - 499 500 - 999 1000 - 1999 2000 o más
>$5V(.,!:0G0!1('*$((/.(3-!+&!1,'!A,2/&$\,'!0#$!*,),]#!+&!0$#+/..(3-!)&+(+#!0#$!./,$*(11#'!+&!1&./&!+(,$(#0!5]#')!:eG:!O!%FF%0!2/&-*&)!98<?.!<-V#$)&'!5-/,1&'!:eGF!O!%FFF0!
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-M)&$#!&'*,(1&0!61!,-51('('!+&!&'*,!-/&A,!+('*$((/.(3-!+&!1,'!A,2/&$\,'!0#$!*,),]#!0,$&.&!
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7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Años
Vaq
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< de 500 500 - 999 1,000 -1,999 2,000 - 2,999 3,000 o más
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+,+'-!7A&G6'(#';!'G-(=!-&.#'%(';G6':!5G6';(-:(=G6'(#'-B(=5G'=&-G'!
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Vaquerías al Finalizar el Año Fiscal
Región 2000 - 2001 2001 – 2002 2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 – 2005
Región de Arecibo 249 232 234 234 221
Región de San Juan 18 18 17 17 14
Región de Caguas 52 52 49 43 44
Región de Mayagüez 74 73 74 78 85
Región de Ponce 2 2 1 0 0
Total Puerto Rico 395 375 375 372 364
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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 PROMEDIO
Municipio Morovis Morovis Vega Baja Hatillo Isabela
Área Total de la
finca (cuerdas)
278
147
80
135
282
184.4
Terreno Propio Si Si Si Si Si
Terreno en
caminos, edificios
(cuerdas)
10
9
20
5
62
21.2
Pastos Mejorados
(cuerdas)
268
138
60
130
220
163.2
Pastos para corte,
heno y/o ensilaje
(cuerdas)
0
0
0
0
4
Tipo de pasto
cultivado
Pangola,
Yerba
Estrella
Pangola,
Guinea,
Yerba Estrella
Pangola,
Guinea,
Yerba Estrella
Yerba Estrella,
Guinea
Yerba
Estrella,
Guinea
Corrales de
Pastoreo
17
15
10
9
15
13
Cuerdas por
Corral
15.76
9.20
6.00
14.44
14.40
11.96
Tamaño del Hato
(vacas)
429
241
105
281
211
253
Cuerdas por vaca
0.62
0.57
0.57
0.46
1.02
0.65
Frecuencia de
rotación (días)
1
1
3
1
1.5
1.5
49
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CASOS 6 7 8 9 PROMEDIO
Municipio Manatí Hatillo Hatillo Hatillo
Área Total de la finca
(cuerdas)
170
93
72
219
138.5
Terreno Propio Si No No Si
Terreno en caminos,
edificios (cuerdas)
50
13
7
39
27.2
Pastos Mejorados
(cuerdas)
120
80
65
180
111.25
Pastos para corte,
heno y/o ensilaje
(cuerdas)
0
0
30
0
Tipo de pasto
cultivado
Pangola,
Yerba Estrella
Pangola, Guinea,
Yerba Estrella
Guinea,
Yerba Estrella
Yerba Estrella,
Guinea
Corrales de Pastoreo
7
12
15
7
10
Cuerdas por Corral 17.14 6.67 2.33 25.71 12.96
Tamaño del Hato
(vacas)
151
312
228
375
266
Cuerdas por vaca 0.79 0.25 0.15 0.48 0.42
Frecuencia de rotación
(días)
1 1 2 3 1.75
;/,+$#!F0G!j$&,!B!/'#!+&1!*&$$&-#!+&!1,'!A,2/&$\,'!+&!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!*#*,1!
CASOS 10 11 12 PROMEDIO
Municipio Hatillo Hatillo Hatillo
Área Total de la finca
(cuerdas)
85
32
42
53
Terreno Propio Si Si Si
Terreno en caminos,
edificios (cuerdas)
30
7
2
13
Pastos Mejorados
(cuerdas)
55
25
40
40
Pastos para corte, heno
y/o ensilaje (cuerdas)
0
25
40
21.67
Tipo de pasto
cultivado
Yerba Estrella
Guinea,
Yerba Estrella
Pangola,
Guinea
Tamaño del Hato
(Vacas)
339
235
370
314
50
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+&!$#*,.(3-!&-*$&!1#'!.,'#'!+&!&'*&!'('*&),!.#-!$&'0&.*#!,!1,'!A,2/&$\,'!2/&!0,'*#$&,-0!
56
!
61! 0#$.&-*,M&! +&! A,.,'! &-! #$+&]#! &'! /-#! +&! 1#'! 0,$5)&*$#'! +&! 0$#+/..(3-!
()0#$*,-*&'! 0,$,! &901(.,$! &1! A#1/)&-! +&! 0$#+/..(3-0! ?,! A,2/&$\,! ./,*$#! *(&-&! &1!),B#$!
0#$.&-*,M&! +&! A,.,'! &-! #$+&]#! +&-*$#! +&! 1#'! .,'#'! 2/&! 0,'*#$&,-! B! &1! ;,'#! /-#! *(&-&! &1!
'&3/-+#!)5'!(,M#!0#$.&-*,M&!+&!A,.,'!&-!#$+&]#!1#!2/&!&'!0$&#./0,-*&!0#$!./,-*#!&'!&1!/,*#!
)5'!3$,-+&0!6-!0$#)&+(#!1#'!.,'#'!+&!0,'*#$&#!),-*/A(&$#-!dGS!+&!1,'!A,.,'!+&1!/,*#!&-!1,!
1\-&,!+&!#$+&]#!1(3&$,)&-*&!0#$!&-.(),!+&1!dGS!q;/,+$#!F0FR!2/&!&'!&1!0$#)&+(#!+&!A,.,'!
&-! #$+&]#! +&! *#+,'! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! +&! 1,! ('1,! 0,$,! &1! %FFI! B! 0#$! +&(,M#! +&1! LFS! 2/&! &'! &1!
0#$.&-*,M&!1,!)&*,!$&.#)&-+,+,!0#$!1_<0!
!
;/,+$#!F0F!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!0,'*#$�!
CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 Promedio
Vacas en producción 283 169 80 244 169 189
Vacas Horras 146 72 25 37 42 64
Novillas de
reemplazo
106 65 60 209 66
% de vacas en ordeño 66% 70% 76% 87% 80% 76%
Producción de vacas
en ordeño (libras por
vaca por día)
38.4
35.9
37.7
48.5
40.7
40.2
Producción diaria
total (libras)
10,867.2 6,067.1 3,016 11,834 6,878.3 7,732.5
Cuota de Producción
(libras cada 14 días)
176,730
69,311.7
36,550
156,380.2
94,971.9
106,788.78
% de grasa en la leche 2.9% 2.8% 3.1% 2.1% 3.2% 2.8%
% de proteína en la
leche
3.05
3.0%
2.9%
3.0%
3.1%
3%
Días en leche
promedio vacas en
ordeño
168
210
168
194
206
189
57
;/,+$#!F0I!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#0!
CASOS 6 7 8 9 Promedio
Vacas en producción 92 234 198 334 215
Vacas Horras 59 78 30 41 52
Novillas de reemplazo 41 70 132 180
% de vacas en ordeño 61% 75 87 89 78%
Producción de vacas
en ordeño (libras por
vaca por día)
29.6
43.3
35.7
41
40*
Producción diaria total
(libras)
2723.2
10,132.2
7,068.6
13,694
8,404.5
Cuota de Producción
(libras cada 14 días)
57,190
139,750
110,178.9
204,680
102,359.8
% de grasa en la leche 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8
% de proteína en la
leche
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
Días en leche
promedio vacas en
ordeño
196
210
189
251
211
|!"$#)&+(#!'(-!&1!+,*#!+&1!;,'#!G!
!
1&-*$#!+&!1#'!.,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!'&!&-./&-*$,-!1#'!.,'#'!.#-!&1!)&-#$!B!&1!
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B! &'*5! 0#$! &-.(),! +&1! 0$#)&+(#! +&! 1,! <'1,! B! /-! 0#.#!)5'! .&$.,! +&! 1,!)&*,! +&1! 1_<0! 6-!
0$#)&+(#! 1,'!A,2/&$\,'!+&1!'('*&),!&-!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!&'*5-!&-!&1!LFS!+&!A,.,'!&-!#$+&]#!
q;/,+$#! F0GR.! 0#$! 1#! 2/&! *(&-&-! &1! )&M#$! 0$#)&+(#! &-*$&! '('*&),'! +&! ),-&M#.! )/B! 0#$!
&-.(),!+&1!0$#)&+(#!+&!1,!<'1,!B!&-!&1!A,1#$!+&'&,+#!0,$,!/-,!0$#+/..(3-!&V(.(&-*&0!
58
;/,+$#!F0G!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#-V(-,+#!
CASOS 10 11 12 Promedio
Vacas en producción 271 195 296 254
Vacas Horras 68 40 74 60
Novillas de reemplazo 195 81 200
% de vacas en ordeño 80 83 80 81%
Producción de vacas en ordeño (libras
por vaca por día)
51
38
32.6
40.5
Producción diaria total (libras)
13,821
7,410
9,649.6
10,293.5
Producción cada 14 días (libras)
193,494
103,740
135,094.4
144,109.5
Cuota de Producción (libras cada 14
días)
247,250
112,597.7
172,000
177,282.5
% de grasa en la leche 3.5 0.8 4.2 2.7
% de proteína en la leche
3.1
1.4
3.9
2.8
Días en leche promedio vacas en ordeño
184
198
53
191*
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60
0$5.*(.,'!B!,.*(A(+,+&'!.#-'/1*,+,'!,!1#'!3,-,+&$#'.!,13/-#'!$&'/1*,+#'!0,$&.&-!+(V&$&-.(,'!
()0#$*,-*&'!&-*$&!'('*&),'0!
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PRÁCTICAS SISTEMA DE
PASTOREO
SISTEMA
COMBINADO
SISTEMA EN
CONFINAMIENTO
Planes de manejo de
nutrientes para las vacas
en producción
Ninguno de los casos
reporto esta práctica.
Los casos 6 y 8 no usan
planes mientras que los
casos 7 y 9 usan planes
que son revisados cada
cierto tiempo por un
especialista.
Todos lo usan y revisan
los planes con
periodicidad.
Manejo del estrés de calor Rotación de las horas de
pastoreo durante el año,
puntos de sombra en los
corrales. Sólo dos casos
tienen rancho de sombra
para ayudar con el estrés
de calor, usan abanicos y
duchan el ganado
Los ranchos de
alimentación están
adecuados con grandes
abanicos.
Rotan horas de pastoreo y
alimentación con TMR.
Los ranchos de
confinamiento tienen
abanicos cada cierta
distancia. Los techos de
los ranchos son
construidos para
aprovechar las corrientes
de aire.
Alimenta según el nivel de
producción
No. Se les brinda
concentrado en sala de
ordeño ad limitum
No, con excepción del
caso 9 que divide el
ganado en ordeño entre
altas y bajas productoras.
Si. Todos preparan
diferentes TMR por
grupos de producción.
Fuente de los reemplazos Todas las vaquerías crían
el 100% de sus
reemplazos. El caso 4
importa el 30% de sus
reemplazos.
En promedio crían el 60%
de los reemplazos y el otro
40% es importado.
En promedio crían el 60%
de los reemplazos y el otro
40% es importado. El caso
9 cría sus reemplazos en
confinamiento también.
Algunas estrategias para la
alimentación
El caso 4 ofrece heno en
los cercados de pastoreo
por las tardes; los demás
no brindan nada más,
excepto los casos 1 y 5 que
brindan ensilaje en los
meses de sequía.
El pastoreo se hace en las
horas más frescas del día;
usan TMR y dan
concentrado ad limitum en
la sala de ordeño.
Son más cuidadosos en la
mezcla de nutrientes que
se usa.
61
Continuación.
PRÁCTICAS SISTEMA DE
PASTOREO
SISTEMA
COMBINADO
SISTEMA EN
CONFINAMIENTO
Uso de registros y consulta
a especialistas
Pertenece al DHI, usan
tarjeteros, algunos usan el
software que provee del
DHI en la finca. No
consultan mucho a los
agentes agrícolas y
contratan los servicios de
un contador para la
contabilidad del negocio.
Pertenece al DHI, usan
tarjeteros, algunos usan el
software que provee del
DHI en la finca.
Consultan con frecuencia a
los agentes agrícolas y
contratan los servicios de
un contador para la
contabilidad del negocio.
Pertenece al DHI, usan
tarjeteros, Consultan
frecuentemente a los
agentes agrícolas y
contratan los servicios de
un contador para la
contabilidad del negocio.
62
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65
Cuadro 5.1. A
nálisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo
SistemaCasos
12
34
56
78
910
1112
Alimento concentrado36.12%
37.85%25.72%
29.33%35.96%
36.36%45.98%
34.61%44.10%
37.19%34.36%
33.79%Heno y ensilaje
0.94%0.00%
0.00%4.21%
2.45%9.77%
4.90%6.96%
3.01%12.53%
16.62%15.67%
Otros alimentos0.50%
0.46%0.30%
0.42%1.21%
0.48%0.25%
0.11%0.10%
0.14%0.16%
0.19%Subtotal
37.56%38.30%
26.02%33.96%
39.63%46.61%
51.13%41.68%
47.21%49.85%
51.15%49.65%
Mano de Obra26.57%
21.69%25.79%
16.21%18.66%
17.35%16.23%
13.98%17.88%
18.51%17.66%
14.34%Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza
7.40%5.47%
3.75%3.69%
5.17%3.98%
5.85%6.84%
4.90%6.67%
4.63%5.28%
Abono2.49%
1.51%1.61%
1.66%2.04%
0.64%0.00%
0.23%0.59%
0.15%0.00%
0.65%Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria
1.84%3.71%
5.47%2.20%
5.03%4.28%
2.32%2.75%
2.32%2.71%
2.42%2.50%
Reparaciones y Mantenimiento2.98%
2.72%4.88%
5.12%5.31%
5.92%1.88%
3.73%3.24%
2.36%3.59%
4.10%Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo
10.49%11.69%
21.42%24.37%
12.85%11.11%
8.74%19.17%
14.21%14.71%
12.74%18.08%
Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)0.00%
1.62%0.00%
5.26%0.00%
0.00%9.46%
5.77%0.19%
0.00%0.54%
0.00%Otros gastos en efectivo
10.67%13.30%
11.06%7.53%
11.31%10.11%
4.39%5.85%
9.47%5.05%
7.26%5.41%
Total100.0%
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
100.0%
PastoreoCombinado
Confinamiento
Cuadro 5.2 A
nálisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo promedio por sistem
a
Promedio por Sistem
aPastoreo
Combinado
Confinamiento
Alimento concentrado
33.0%40.3%
35.1%Heno y ensilaje
1.5%6.2%
14.9%Otros alim
entos0.6%
0.2%0.2%
Subtotal35.1%
46.7%50.2%
Mano de O
bra21.8%
16.4%16.8%
Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp
5.1%5.4%
5.5%Abono
1.9%0.4%
0.3%Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria
3.7%2.9%
2.5%Reparaciones y Mantenim
iento4.2%
3.7%3.3%
Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo
16.2%13.3%
15.2%Arrendam
iento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)
1.4%3.9%
0.5%Otros gastos en efectivo
10.8%7.5%
5.9%Total
100%100%
100%
66
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69
Cuadro 5.3 G
astos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche
SistemaCasos
12
34
56
78
910
1112
Alimento concentrado0.132
$ 0.136
$ 0.094
$ 0.100
$ 0.105
$ 0.206
$ 0.189
$ 0.175
$ 0.181
$ 0.177
$ 0.153
$ 0.192
$ Heno y ensilaje
0.003$
-$
-$
0.014$
0.007$
0.055$
0.020$
0.035$
0.012$
0.059$
0.074$
0.089$
Otros alimentos0.002
$ 0.002
$ 0.001
$ 0.001
$ 0.004
$ 0.003
$ 0.001
$ 0.001
$ 0.000
$ 0.001
$ 0.001
$ 0.001
$ Subtotal
0.137$
0.138$
0.095$
0.116$
0.116$
0.264$
0.210$
0.211$
0.194$
0.237$
0.228$
0.281$
Mano de Obra0.097
$ 0.078
$ 0.094
$ 0.055
$ 0.055
$ 0.098
$ 0.067
$ 0.071
$ 0.073
$ 0.088
$ 0.079
$ 0.081
$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza
0.027$
0.020$
0.014$
0.0125$
0.0152$
0.022$
0.024$
0.035$
0.020$
0.032$
0.021$
0.030$
Abono0.009
$ 0.005
$ 0.006
$ 0.006
$ 0.006
$ 0.004
$ -
$ 0.001
$ 0.002
$ 0.001
$ -
$ 0.004
$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria
0.007$
0.013$
0.020$
0.007$
0.015$
0.024$
0.010$
0.014$
0.010$
0.013$
0.011$
0.014$
Reparaciones y Mantenimiento0.011
$ 0.010
$ 0.018
$ 0.017
$ 0.016
$ 0.034
$ 0.008
$ 0.019
$ 0.013
$ 0.011
$ 0.016
$ 0.023
$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo
0.038$
0.042$
0.078$
0.083$
0.038$
0.063$
0.036$
0.097$
0.058$
0.070$
0.057$
0.102$
Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)-
$ 0.006
$ -
$ 0.018
$ -
$ -
$ 0.039
$ 0.029
$ 0.001
$ -
$ 0.002
$ -
$ Otros gastos en efectivo
0.039$
0.048$
0.040$
0.026$
0.033$
0.057$
0.018$
0.030$
0.039$
0.024$
0.032$
0.031$
Gasto total en efectivo por cuartillo de leche0.365
$ 0.360
$ 0.365
$ 0.340
$ 0.293
$ 0.566
$ 0.411
$ 0.507
$ 0.411
$ 0.475
$ 0.445
$ 0.567
$
PastoreoCombinado
Confinamiento
Cuadro 5.4 G
astos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche promedio por sistem
a
Promedio por Sistem
aPastoreo
Combinado
Confinamiento
Alimento concentrado
0.113$
0.188$
0.174$
Heno y ensilaje0.005
$ 0.031
$ 0.074
$ O
tros alimentos
0.002$
0.001$
0.001$
Subtotal0.120
$ 0.220
$ 0.249
$ M
ano
de O
bra
0.076$
0.077$
0.083$
Medicina, G
astos veterinarios y Mat lim
p0.018
$ 0.025
$ 0.027
$ Abono
0.006$
0.002$
0.001$
Operación de vehículo y M
aquinaria0.012
$ 0.014
$ 0.013
$ Reparaciones y M
antenimiento
0.014$
0.018$
0.017$
Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo
0.056$
0.064$
0.076$
Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 m
aquinaria)0.005
$ 0.017
$ 0.001
$ O
tros gastos en efectivo0.037
$ 0.036
$ 0.029
$
70
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73
Cuadro 5.5 G
astos en efectivo por vaca en el hato
SistemaCasos
12
34
56
78
910
1112
Alimento concentrado567.27
$ 582.57
$ 457.55
$ 713.65
$ 583.77
$ 630.06
$ 1,042.59
$ 923.28
$ 1,122.70
$ 1,222.00
$ 818.72
$ 848.72
$ Heno y ensilaje
14.69$
-$
-$
102.49$
39.81$
169.21$
111.14$
185.70$
76.60$
411.75$
396.06$
393.51$
Otros alimentos7.93
$ 7.01
$ 5.36
$ 10.21
$ 19.70
$ 8.35
$ 5.70
$ 2.86
$ 2.58
$ 4.52
$ 3.83
$ 4.69
$ Subtotal
589.89$
589.58$
462.92$
826.35$
643.28$
807.62$
1,159.43$
1,111.85$
1,201.88$
1,638.27$
1,218.61$
1,246.92$
Mano de Obra417.37
$ 333.80
$ 458.82
$ 394.34
$ 302.82
$ 300.55
$ 368.03
$ 372.95
$ 455.23
$ 608.17
$ 420.81
$ 360.02
$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza
116.15$
84.23$
66.72$
89.68$
83.89$
68.87$
132.72$
182.49$
124.80$
219.11$
110.43$
132.70$
Abono39.16
$ 23.24
$ 28.57
$ 40.36
$ 33.18
$ 11.13
$ -
$ 6.14
$ 14.93
$ 4.96
$ -
$ 16.22
$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria
28.83$
57.05$
97.36$
53.59$
81.71$
74.13$
52.52$
73.44$
59.09$
89.16$
57.62$
62.75$
Reparaciones y Mantenimiento46.81
$ 41.81
$ 86.72
$ 124.59
$ 86.19
$ 102.63
$ 42.73
$ 99.61
$ 82.52
$ 77.39
$ 85.54
$ 102.86
$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo
164.78$
179.87$
381.09$
593.12$
208.60$
192.55$
198.21$
511.47$
361.69$
483.27$
303.59$
454.13$
Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)-
$ 24.90
$ -
$ 128.11
$ -
$ -
$ 214.42
$ 153.95
$ 4.80
$ -
$ 12.77
$ -
$ Otros gastos en efectivo
167.58$
204.74$
196.70$
183.24$
183.59$
175.20$
99.50$
156.01$
241.04$
165.83$
173.08$
135.87$
Gasto total en efectivo por vaca en el hato1,570.56
$ 1,539.20
$ 1,778.91
$ 2,433.38
$ 1,623.25
$ 1,732.68
$ 2,267.56
$ 2,667.90
$ 2,545.99
$ 3,286.16
$ 2,382.44
$ 2,511.47
$
PastoreoCombinado
Confinamiento
Cuadro 5.6 G
astos en efectivo por vaca en el hato, promedio por Sistem
a
Promedio por Sistem
aPastoreo
Com
binadoConfinam
ientoAlim
ento concentrado580.96
$ 929.66
$ 963.145
$ H
eno y ensilaje31.397
$ 135.662
$ 400.443
$ O
tros alimentos
10.042$
4.876$
4.346$
Subtotal622.402
$ 1,070.195
$ 1,367.935
$ M
ano
de O
bra
381.431$
374.189$
463.002$
Medicina, G
astos veterinarios y Mat lim
p88.134
$ 127.221
$ 154.080
$ Abono
32.900$
8.050$
7.057$
Operación de vehículo y M
aquinaria63.707
$ 64.796
$ 69.844
$ R
eparaciones y Mantenim
iento77.223
$ 81.873
$ 88.597
$ C
osto anual de Novillas de reem
plazo305.493
$ 315.981
$ 413.661
$ Arrendam
iento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)
30.602$
93.293$
4.255$
Otros gastos en efectivo
187.171$
167.937$
158.259$
74
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!
Cuadro 5.7 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por tamaños de hato, año 2005.
Promedio por Grupos Grupo 1 Grupo 2 Grupo 3
Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material de
limpieza $76.55 $93.36 $145.098
Semen y servicio de inseminación $29.910 $48.640 $41.238
Operación de Maquinaria y vehículos de
motor $85.745 $64.679 $58.473
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Cuadro 5.8 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por sistema, año 2005.
Promedio por Sistema Pastoreo Pastoreo y TMR Confinamiento
Gasto total en alimento $662.27 $1,157.72 $1,367.93
Mano de Obra $362.08 $398.73 $463.002
Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material de limpieza $93.49 $146.67 $154.08
Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria $55.30 $61.68 $69.84
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75
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1,!),-#!+&!#($,!&-!.,+,!V(-.,0!6',!&'!1,!'(3/(&-*&!A,$(,(1&!0,$,!)&+($!&V(.(&-.(,!+&!1,!),-#!
+&!#($,!2/&!'&!.#-'(+&$#!,2/\0!!
77
Cuadro 5.9 V
acas por trabajador
CA
SOS
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
Núm
ero de Trabajadores
12 6
4 6
6 4
8 6
11 16
8 9
Núm
ero de Vacas
429 241
105 281
211 151
312 228
375 339
235 370
Vacas por T
rabajador 37
42 26
47 35
37 39
38 34
20 29
41
PR
OM
ED
IO
37.4 37
30
Cuadro 5.10 V
enta de leche por trabajador y libras de leche por trabajador
CASOS1
23
45
67
89
1011
12Venta de Leche Corregida
1,025,762.59$
572,677.80$
284,682.34$
1,117,019.52$
649,247.54$
257,044.75$
956,385.43$
667,210.09$
1,292,586.21$
1,304,573.83$
699,435.07$
911,670.67$
Venta de Leche por Trabajador85,480.22
$ 95,446.30
$ 71,170.59
$ 186,169.92
$ 108,207.92
$ 64,261.19
$ 119,548.18
$ 111,201.68
$ 117,507.84
$ 81,535.86
$ 87,429.38
$ 101,296.74
$ Libras de Leche Producidas 2005
39665282214491.50
1100840.004319410.00
2510579.50993968.00
3698253.002580039.00
4998310.005044665.00
2704650.003525345.20
Libras de Leche Producidas por Trabajador 2005330544.00
369081.92275210.00
719901.67418429.92
248492.00462281.63
430006.50454391.82
315291.56338081.25
391705.02
Cuadro 5.11 V
alor de la producción por hora de trabajo
Horas de Trabajo Combinado 20051
23
45
67
89
1011
12Horas Pagadas
2433612480
686411960
107127488
141969464
2288028236
1383214560
Horas Familiares No Pagadas1040
37444368
10403744
62401040
37443744
10403744
3744Horas Ocasionales
00
00
0112
00
00
0120
Total de Horas25376
1622411232
1300014456
1384015236
1320826624
2927617576
18424Total de Ingresos Corregido
1,204,491.32$
621,068.12$
311,266.71$
1,189,890.48$
693,372.17$
283,990.16$
1,017,422.98$
730,694.45$
1,387,133.72$
1,382,211.35$
748,886.84$
986,353.38$
Valor d ela Producción por Hora47.47
$ 38.28
$ 27.71
$ 91.53
$ 47.96
$ 20.52
$ 66.78
$ 55.32
$ 52.10
$ 47.21
$ 42.61
$ 53.54
$
78
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7(-! &)(,$3#.! 1#! 2/&! '&! 0$#0#-&! ,/#$,! &'! *$,*,$! +&! )&+($! 1,! &V(.(&-.(,! &-! &1! /'#! +&! 1,!
),2/(-,$(,! &-! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! $&1,.(#-,-+#! 1#'! $&'/1*,+#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-! .#-!,13M-! *(0#!+&!
/-(+,+! +&! /'#! +&! &'*&! (-'/)#0! ",$,! &11#! '&! .#-'*$/B&-! *$&'! (-+(.,+#$&')! :R! &1! 3,'*#! &-!
#0&$,.(3-!+&!),2/(-,$(,!0#$!/#$,'!+&!/'#!+&!1,!),2/(-,$(,X!%R!?(($,'!+&!1&./&!0$#+/.(+,'!
0#$! /#$,! +&! /'#! +&! 1,!),2/(-,$(,! B! GR! &1! A,1#$! +&! A&-*,! +&! 1&./&! 0#$! /#$,! +&! /'#! +&! 1,!
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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Horas Anuales 2260 1440 1024 4136 2176 2140 3068 3834 4080 5300 2000 3416
Gasto por hora $5.47 $9.55 $9.98 $3.64 $7.92 $5.23 $5.34 $4.37 $5.43 $5.70 $6.77 $6.80
Promedio por sistema Pastoreo
$7.31
Combinado
$5.09
Confinamiento
$6.42
Libras de leche por
hora de uso de
maquinaria al año
1755 1537 1075 1044 1153 464 1205 673 1225 951 1352 1032
Promedio por sistema Pastoreo
1312
Combinado
1034*
Confinamiento
1111
Venta de leche por
hora de uso de
maquinaria al año
$453 $397 $278 $270 $298 $120 $311 $174 $316 $264 $349 $266
Promedio por sistema $339 $230 $287
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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Horas hombre 2464 364 557 794 434 701.3 1456 1820 1224 2570 872 1470
Horas
Máquina 462 0 192 392 252 216 1456 1820 612 2570 144 1470
Valor total $18,470.69 $8186 $4559 $7115 $4695 $6681 $18139 $13583 $12795 $25687 $6116 $19382
Promedio
horas hombre
por sistema de
manejo
Pastoreo
922.6
Sistema Combinado
1300.3
Sistema Confinamiento
1637.3
Promedio
horas
máquina por
sistema de
manejo
Pastoreo
259.6
Sistema Combinado
1026
Sistema Confinamiento
1394.6
Valor
Promedio de
gasto en
manejo de
desechos por
Sistema de
Manejo
Pastoreo
$8,605.35
Sistema Combinado
$12799.5
Sistema Confinamiento
$17,061.6
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/,*#!&-!&1!%FFI!B!1,!A,2/&$\,!%!*(&-&!%L:!A,.,'!&-!0$#)&+(#.!0#$!1,!*,-*#!0#+$\,!&'0&$,$'&!
2/&! 1,! A,2/&$\,! F! *&-3,! /-,! )&M#$! $&-*,((1(+,+! 0#$! ./,-*#! 0$#+/.&! .#-! /-! /,*#! )5'!
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),B#$! (-3$&'#!0#$!A,.,!zF.FFG!,1!,]#!)/B!0#$!&-.(),!+&! 1#'!z%.LFd!0#$!A,.,!,1!,]#!2/&!
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!
1 Cuartillo de leche es la unidad que usa la ORIL para las liquidaciones de la producción y pago a todas las vaquerías de primera clase.
86
%,)((L-! /,B! 2/&! )&-.(#-,$! 2/&! +&-*$#! +&! &'*&! '('*&),! &'*,! 1,! A,2/&$\,! .#-! &1!
)&-#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!*#*,1!B!&'!1,!A,2/&$\,!G!2/&!3&-&$,!z%de.GGL!,1!,]#!1#!2/&!'&!&901(.,!&-!
0,$*&!0#$2/&!&'!1,!A,2/&$\,!.#-!&1!/,*#!)5'!0&2/&]#.!:FI!A,.,'!0$#)&+(#!&-!&1!%FFI0!5M-!
,'\!&1!(-3$&'#!($/*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!&'*&!.,'#!&'!),B#$!2/&!&1!+&!,13/-#'!.,'#'!.#-!*,),]#!+&!
/,*#!),B#$!q;/,+$#!I0:IR0!
;/,+$#!I0:F!<-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!+&!.(-.#!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Y GASTOS CASOS DE PASTOREOINGRESOS Caso 1 Caso 2 Caso 3 Caso 4 Caso 5
Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 1,025,762.59$ 485,213.33$ 252,753.86$ 1,063,248.95$ 640,486.23$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 73,658.73$ 42,587.12$ 20,781.17$ 65,133.36$ 42,324.63$
Subtotal 1,099,421.32$ 527,800.45$ 273,535.03$ 1,128,382.31$ 682,810.86$ Ingresos No Efectivos 105,070.00$ 5,803.20$ 5,803.20$ 7,737.60$ 1,800.00$
TOTAL INGRESOS 1,204,491.32$ 533,603.65$ 279,338.23$ 1,136,119.91$ 684,610.86$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 243,360.00$ 140,400.00$ 48,043.13$ 200,535.56$ 123,175.20$ Heno y ensilaje 6,300.00$ -$ -$ 28,800.00$ 8,400.00$ Otros alimentos 3,400.90$ 1,689.19$ 563.06$ 2,868.29$ 4,156.95$ Mano de Obra 179,053.48$ 80,445.29$ 48,175.92$ 110,810.67$ 63,894.97$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 49,827.60$ 20,300.00$ 7,006.00$ 25,200.00$ 17,700.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 21,000.00$ 16,144.00$ 3,500.00$ 16,000.00$ 7,800.00$ Abono 16,800.00$ 5,600.00$ 3,000.00$ 11,340.00$ 7,000.00$ Utilidades 32,368.20$ 9,000.00$ 9,420.00$ 18,380.00$ 16,200.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 12,368.40$ 13,748.40$ 10,223.32$ 15,057.48$ 17,240.20$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 20,079.82$ 10,075.30$ 9,106.10$ 35,009.37$ 18,185.77$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 6,000.00$ -$ 36,000.00$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 70,691.40$ 43,348.50$ 40,014.00$ 166,667.40$ 44,015.40$ Seguros 1,368.28$ 13,000.00$ 2,777.00$ 1,500.00$ 2,700.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 17,153.75$ 11,197.70$ 4,957.00$ 15,610.85$ 12,038.30$
Subtotal Gastos 673,771.83$ 370,948.38$ 186,785.53$ 683,779.62$ 342,506.79$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 19,492.25$ 6,746.79$ 6,746.79$ 19,429.25$ 15,550.44$ Otros gastos no efectivos 925.18$ -$ -$ 1,619.07$ -$
INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 425,649.49$ 156,852.07$ 86,749.50$ 444,602.69$ 340,304.07$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 55.94% 69.52% 66.87% 60.19% 50.03%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 510,302.06$ 155,908.48$ 85,805.91$ 431,291.97$ 326,553.63$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 56.02% 69.52% 66.87% 60.33% 50.03%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL 41.5% 25.5% 23.3% 37.0% 44.8%
87
;/,+$#!I0:I!<-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!0#$!A,.,!&-!.(-.#!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Caso 1 Caso 2 Caso 3 Caso 4 Caso 5Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 2,391.05$ 2,013.33$ 2,407.18$ 3,783.80$ 3,035.48$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 171.70$ 176.71$ 197.92$ 231.79$ 200.59$
Subtotal 2,562.75$ 2,190.04$ 2,605.10$ 4,015.60$ 3,236.07$ Ingresos No Efectivos 244.92$ 24.08$ 55.27$ 27.54$ 8.53$
TOTAL INGRESOS 2,807.67$ 2,214.12$ 2,660.36$ 4,043.13$ 3,244.60$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 567.27$ 582.57$ 457.55$ 713.65$ 583.77$ Heno y ensilaje 14.69$ -$ -$ 102.49$ 39.81$ Otros alimentos 7.93$ 7.01$ 5.36$ 10.21$ 19.70$ Mano de Obra 417.37$ 333.80$ 458.82$ 394.34$ 302.82$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 116.15$ 84.23$ 66.72$ 89.68$ 83.89$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 48.95$ 66.99$ 33.33$ 56.94$ 36.97$ Abono 39.16$ 23.24$ 28.57$ 40.36$ 33.18$ Utilidades 75.45$ 37.34$ 89.71$ 65.41$ 76.78$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 28.83$ 57.05$ 97.36$ 53.59$ 81.71$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 46.81$ 41.81$ 86.72$ 124.59$ 86.19$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 24.90$ -$ 128.11$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 164.78$ 179.87$ 381.09$ 593.12$ 208.60$ Seguros 3.19$ 53.94$ 26.45$ 5.34$ 12.80$ Gastos Misceláneos 39.99$ 46.46$ 47.21$ 55.55$ 57.05$
Subtotal Gastos 1,570.56$ 1,539.20$ 1,778.91$ 2,433.38$ 1,623.25$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 45.44$ 27.99$ 64.26$ 69.14$ 73.70$ Otros gastos no efectivos 2.16$ -$ -$ 5.76$ -$
Total Gastos 1,618.16$ 1,567.20$ 1,843.16$ 2,508.28$ 1,696.95$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 992.19$ 650.84$ 826.19$ 1,582.22$ 1,612.82$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 1,189.52$ 646.92$ 817.20$ 1,534.85$ 1,547.65$
1&-*$#! +&! 1#'! .,'#'! +&! 7;! 1,! A,2/&$\,! .#-! &1! ),B#$! (-3$&'#! ($/*#! *#*,1! V/&! 1,!
A,2/&$\,!e!2/&!3&-&$3!z:.GLd.:GG!&-!&1!%FFI.!&1!./,1!&'!,+&)5'!&1!),B#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!*#*,1!
+&!*#+#'!1#'!.,'#'X!&'*,!A,2/&$\,!*(&-&!GdI!A,.,'0!61!'&3/-+#!),B#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!+&!&'*&!
'('*&),! 1#! 3&-&$,! 1,! A,2/&$\,! d! z:.FFG.GLe! B! /-! /,*#! +&! G:%! A,.,'0! ;/,-+#! '&!)(+(3! &1!
(-3$&'#!($/*#!0#$!A,.,!&1!;,'#!e!*(&-&!&1!),B#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!&'*&!'('*&),!0,$,!
&1!,]#!%FFI!qzG.GeeR!B!&1!;,'#!d!*(&-&!&1!'&3/-+#!),B#$!(-3$&'#!0#$!A,.,!qzG.%:GR0!!6-!&'*&!
'('*&),!'&!&-./&-*$,!*,)((L-!&1!.,'#!.#-!&1!)&-#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!0#$!A,.,.!&1!;,'#!G.!2/&!
#(*/A#!z:.LLF!.#-!/-!/,*#!+&!:I:!A,.,'!0$#)&+(#0!!
88
;/,+$#!I0:G!<-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!&-!./,*$#!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Caso 6 Caso 7 Caso 8 Caso 9Ingresos en Efectivo
Venta de leche 257,044.75$ 942,651.77$ 667,210.09$ 1,292,586.21$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 23,477.41$ 57,917.55$ 44,369.16$ 78,531.11$
Subtotal 280,522.16$ 1,000,569.32$ 711,579.25$ 1,371,117.32$ Ingresos No Efectivos 3,468.00$ 3,120.00$ 19,115.20$ 16,016.40$
TOTAL INGRESOS 283,990.16$ 1,003,689.32$ 730,694.45$ 1,387,133.72$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 95,139.00$ 325,287.09$ 210,508.28$ 421,012.90$ Heno y ensilaje 25,550.00$ 34,675.00$ 42,340.00$ 28,725.50$ Otros alimentos 1,261.26$ 1,779.28$ 653.15$ 968.47$ Mano de Obra 45,383.40$ 114,824.87$ 85,032.21$ 170,710.64$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 10,400.00$ 41,410.15$ 41,607.00$ 46,800.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 4,000.00$ 9,110.00$ 10,033.00$ 19,800.00$ Abono 1,680.00$ -$ 1,400.00$ 5,600.00$ Utilidades 14,400.00$ 9,650.00$ 9,607.00$ 37,200.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 11,192.96$ 16,387.32$ 16,744.00$ 22,160.40$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 15,497.40$ 13,331.56$ 22,712.14$ 30,944.13$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 66,900.00$ 35,100.00$ 1,800.00$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 29,075.30$ 61,841.50$ 116,615.40$ 135,633.60$ Seguros 174.08$ 395.00$ 3,166.00$ 15,000.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 7,881.40$ 11,888.05$ 12,763.30$ 18,390.65$
Subtotal Gastos 261,634.80$ 707,479.82$ 608,281.48$ 954,746.29$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 6,746.79$ 15,550.44$ 15,550.44$ 19,492.25$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$ -$
Total Gastos 268,381.59$ 723,030.26$ 623,831.92$ 974,238.54$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 18,887.37$ 293,089.50$ 103,297.77$ 416,371.03$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 92.13% 70.49% 83.25% 68.83%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 15,608.58$ 280,659.06$ 106,862.53$ 412,895.18$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 92.13% 70.49% 83.25% 68.83%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL -3.8% 26.9% 11.9% 28.3%
89
;/,+$#!I0:d!<-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!0#$!A,.,!&-!./,*$#!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Caso 6 Caso 7 Caso 8 Caso 9Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 1,702.28$ 3,021.32$ 2,926.36$ 3,446.90$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 155.48$ 185.63$ 194.60$ 209.42$
Subtotal 1,857.76$ 3,206.95$ 3,120.96$ 3,656.31$ Ingresos No Efectivos 22.97$ 10.00$ 83.84$ 42.71$
TOTAL INGRESOS 1,880.73$ 3,216.95$ 3,204.80$ 3,699.02$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 630.06$ 1,042.59$ 923.28$ 1,122.70$ Heno y ensilaje 169.21$ 111.14$ 185.70$ 76.60$ Otros alimentos 8.35$ 5.70$ 2.86$ 2.58$ Mano de Obra 300.55$ 368.03$ 372.95$ 455.23$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 68.87$ 132.72$ 182.49$ 124.80$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 26.49$ 29.20$ 44.00$ 52.80$ Abono 11.13$ -$ 6.14$ 14.93$ Utilidades 95.36$ 30.93$ 42.14$ 99.20$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 74.13$ 52.52$ 73.44$ 59.09$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 102.63$ 42.73$ 99.61$ 82.52$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 214.42$ 153.95$ 4.80$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 192.55$ 198.21$ 511.47$ 361.69$ Seguros 1.15$ 1.27$ 13.89$ 40.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 52.19$ 38.10$ 55.98$ 49.04$
Subtotal Gastos 1,732.68$ 2,267.56$ 2,667.90$ 2,545.99$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 44.68$ 49.84$ 68.20$ 51.98$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$ -$
Total Gastos 1,777.36$ 2,317.40$ 2,736.10$ 2,597.97$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 125.08$ 939.39$ 453.06$ 1,110.32$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 103.37$ 899.55$ 468.70$ 1,101.05$
6-! ./,-*#! ,1! 7;2! $&0$&'&-*,+#! &-! &'*&! &'*/+(#! 0#$! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! :F.! ::! B! :%.! &1!
),B#$!(-3$&'#!($/*#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!1#!#(*/A#!&1!;,'#!:F!qz:.GL%.%::R0!6'*,!)('),!A,2/&$\,!
*(&-&! &1!),B#$! (-3$&'#! ($/*#! 0#$! A,.,! zF.Fdd! +&! *#+#! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'.! .#-! /-! /,*#! +&! GGe!
A,.,'0!61!;,'#!:%!#(*/A#!/-!(-3$&'#!($/*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!z%.GGI!/-!A,1#$!(,M#!0,$,!/-!/,*#!+&!
GdF!A,.,'!&-!0$#)&+(#!&-!&1!%FFIX!&'*&!.,'#!&'*,!1(3&$,)&-*&!0#$!&-.(),!+&1!(-3$&'#!($/*#!
0#$!A,.,!+&1!/,*#!)5'!0&2/&]#!:FI!A,.,'.!&'!+&.($.! 1,!A,2/&$\,!G!2/&!#(*/A#!z%.%GF!&-!&1!
%FFI0!
90
;/,+$#!I0:L!<-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!&-!*$&'!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Caso 10 Caso 11 Caso 12Ingresos en Efectivo
Venta de leche 1,304,573.83$ 699,435.07$ 911,670.67$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 74,637.52$ 45,489.13$ 64,065.11$
Subtotal 1,379,211.35$ 744,924.20$ 975,735.78$ Ingresos No Efectivos 3,000.00$ 3,962.64$ 10,617.60$
TOTAL INGRESOS 1,382,211.35$ 748,886.84$ 986,353.38$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 414,256.31$ 192,398.50$ 314,028.00$ Heno y ensilaje 139,584.30$ 93,075.00$ 145,600.00$ Otros alimentos 1,531.53$ 900.90$ 1,734.23$ Mano de Obra 206,171.26$ 98,889.56$ 133,208.64$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 74,279.00$ 25,950.00$ 49,100.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 11,526.00$ 9,000.00$ -$ Abono 1,680.00$ -$ 6,000.00$ Utilidades 29,934.61$ 20,400.00$ 25,800.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 30,226.56$ 13,539.60$ 23,218.56$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 26,236.03$ 20,101.86$ 38,057.32$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 3,000.00$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 163,827.30$ 71,342.90$ 168,028.00$ Seguros 1,200.00$ 742.60$ 1,264.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 13,555.80$ 10,531.50$ 23,206.60$
Subtotal Gastos 1,114,008.70$ 559,872.42$ 929,245.35$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 19,492.25$ 15,550.44$ 19,492.25$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$
Total Gastos 1,133,500.95$ 575,422.86$ 948,737.60$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 265,202.65$ 185,051.78$ 46,490.43$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 80.60% 74.76% 94.21%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 248,710.40$ 173,463.98$ 37,615.78$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 80.60% 74.76% 94.21%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL 17.2% 20.5% 1.8%
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91
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A,.,0! ?#'! .,'#'! 2/&! .#)((-,-! 0$#)&+(,$#-! zG.Gdd! +&! (-3$&'#! ($/*#! 0#$! A,.,! B! ! 1,'!
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!
Los resultados sobre la generación de ingreso bruto promedio por sistema son coherentes con
hallazgos de trabajos anteriores, en cuanto se identifica al SP con el menor ingreso promedio. Winsten et
al., 2000b, hallaron que vaquerías de Vermont y Pensylvania en SCF tenían un ingreso bruto promedio
mayor dos veces que fincas de los mismos estados en pastoreo intensivo y pastoreo más TMR. Los
autores explican este resultado como un efecto del tamaño del hato de las vaquerías en SCF que son dos
veces más grandes que las vaquerías que pastorean. Tozer et al., 2003, hallaron mayor nivel de ingreso en
los hatos de SCF con respecto a vaquerías que pastorean o combinan el pastoreo y el uso de TMR, y
explican este resultado por el mayor nivel de producción por vaca. Este resultado también es respaldado
por White et al., 2002.
!
2 Este promedio no incluye el Caso 6. Lo mismo va a suceder con todos los indicadores que siguen. La intención de este cambio es no afectar los resultados del sistema combinado por los valores del Caso 6 que posee problemas de rentabilidad.
92
;/,+$#!I0:e! <-3$&'#'!B!3,'*#'!0#$!A,.,!&-! *$&'!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!&-!&1!,]#!%FFI!
INGRESOS Caso 10 Caso 11 Caso 12Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 3,848.30$ 2,976.32$ 2,463.97$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 220.17$ 193.57$ 173.15$
Subtotal 4,068.47$ 3,169.89$ 2,637.12$ Ingresos No Efectivos 8.85$ 16.86$ 28.70$
TOTAL INGRESOS 4,077.32$ 3,186.75$ 2,665.82$ GASTOS
Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 1,222.00$ 818.72$ 848.72$ Heno y ensilaje 411.75$ 396.06$ 393.51$ Otros alimentos 4.52$ 3.83$ 4.69$ Mano de Obra 608.17$ 420.81$ 360.02$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 219.11$ 110.43$ 132.70$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 34.00$ 38.30$ -$ Abono 4.96$ -$ 16.22$ Utilidades 88.30$ 86.81$ 69.73$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 89.16$ 57.62$ 62.75$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 77.39$ 85.54$ 102.86$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 12.77$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 483.27$ 303.59$ 454.13$ Seguros 3.54$ 3.16$ 3.42$ Gastos Misceláneos 39.99$ 44.81$ 62.72$
Subtotal Gastos 3,286.16$ 2,382.44$ 2,511.47$ Gastos no Efectivos
Depreciación 57.50$ 66.17$ 52.68$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$
Total Gastos 3,343.66$ 2,448.61$ 2,564.16$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 782.31$ 787.45$ 125.65$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 733.66$ 738.14$ 101.66$
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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 PROMEDIO
Producción
2005 (Libras)
3,966,528 2,214,491 1,100,840 4,319,410 2,510,579 2,822,369
Tamaño del
Hato
429 241 105 281 211 253
Total
Ingresos por
vaca
$2,807.7 $2,214.1 $2,660.4 $4,043.1 $3,244.6 $2,994
Total Gastos
por vaca
$1,618.2 $1,567.2 $1,843.2 $2,508.3 $1,697 $1,846.8
Ingreso Neto
Operacional
por vaca
$1,189.52 $646.92 $817.20 $1,534.85 $1,547.65 $1,147.23
;/,+$#!I0%:!8&1,.(3-!&-*$&!0$#+/..(3-!&!(-3$&'#'.!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!
CASOS 7 8 9 PROMEDIO
Producción 2005 (libras) 3,698,253 2,580,039 4,998,310 3,758,867
Tamaño del Hato 312 228 375 305
Total Ingresos por vaca $3,216.9 $3,204.8 $3,699 $3,373.6
Total Gastos por vaca $2,317.4 $2,736.1 $2,598 $2,550.5
Ingreso Neto Operacional por vaca $899.55 $468.7 $1,101.05 $823.1
100
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CASOS 10 11 12 PROMEDIO
Producción 2005 (Libras) 5,044,665 2,704,650 3,525,345 3,758,220
Tamaño del Hato 339 235 370 314
Total Ingresos por vaca $4,077.3 $3,186.7 $2,665.8 $3,309.9
Total Gastos por vaca $3,343.6 $2,448.6 $2,564.1 $2,785.4
Ingreso Neto Operacional por vaca $733.66 $738.14 $101.66 $735.9*
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104
;/,+$#!I0%G!4,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!B!+&!1,!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,!(-A&$'(3-!&-!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#!
VALOR DE LA INVERSION 1 2 3 4 5Edificios y Estructuras 166,426.68$ 58,476.80$ 75,062.18$ 342,808.89$ 147,576.74$ Maquinaria y equipo 135,644.32$ 108,433.36$ 72,513.36$ 157,431.28$ 128,539.44$ Ganado 505,009.57$ 259,933.36$ 128,556.61$ 349,959.97$ 296,584.05$ Terreno 1,946,000.00$ 1,029,000.00$ 560,000.00$ 945,000.00$ 1,974,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 25,157.16$ 12,954.06$ 5,632.20$ 12,203.10$ 20,651.40$ Valor de Cuota 1,644,000.00$ 644,760.00$ 340,000.00$ 1,454,700.00$ 883,460.00$ TOTAL 4,422,237.73$ 2,113,557.58$ 1,181,764.35$ 3,262,103.24$ 3,450,811.63$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 298,501.05$ 142,665.14$ 79,769.09$ 220,191.97$ 232,929.79$ Tamaño del Hato 429.00$ 241 105 281 211Total Inversión por Vaca 10,308.25$ 8,769.95$ 11,254.90$ 11,608.91$ 16,354.56$ Promedio Inversión total 2,886,094.91$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 158,070.26$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 120,512.35$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 308,008.71$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 1,290,800.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 11,659.31$
CASOS PASTOREO
;/,+$#!I0%F!4,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!B!+&!1,!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,!(-A&$'(3-!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!
VALOR DE LA INVERSION 6 7 8 9Edificios y Estructuras 146,921.13$ 106,481.61$ 181,143.36$ 308,903.89$ Maquinaria y equipo 86,332.32$ 101,450.64$ 159,648.64$ 134,116.72$ Ganado 187,264.19$ 431,373.14$ 313,393.52$ 496,172.69$ Terreno 1,190,000.00$ -$ -$ 1,533,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 11,264.40$ 7,509.60$ 6,101.55$ 16,986.60$ Valor de Cuota 532,000.00$ 1,300,000.00$ 1,024,920.00$ 1,904,000.00$ TOTAL 2,153,782.04$ 1,946,814.99$ 1,685,207.07$ 4,393,179.90$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 145,380.29$ 131,410.01$ 113,751.48$ 296,539.64$ Tamaño del Hato 151 312 228 375Total Inversión por Vaca 14,263.46$ 6,239.79$ 7,391.26$ 11,715.15$ Promedio Inversión total 2,544,746.00$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 185,862.50$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 120,387.08$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 357,050.89$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 680,750.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 9,902.41$
CASOS DE SISTEMA COMBINADO
105
;/,+$#!I0%I!4,1#$!+&!1,! (-A&$'(3-!B!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,! (-A&$'(3-!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!*#*,1!
VALOR DE LA INVERSION 10 11 12Edificios y Estructuras 220,289.07$ 135,191.81$ 333,563.95$ Maquinaria y equipo 167,851.44$ 174,439.84$ 236,776.88$ Ganado 534,226.52$ 336,705.80$ 606,416.25$ Terreno 595,000.00$ 224,000.00$ 294,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 5,162.85$ 2,346.75$ 3,754.80$ Valor de Cuota 2,300,000.00$ 1,047,420.00$ 1,600,000.00$ TOTAL 3,822,529.88$ 1,920,104.20$ 3,074,511.88$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 258,020.77$ 129,607.03$ 207,529.55$ Tamaño del Hato 339 235 370Total Inversión por Vaca 11,275.90$ 8,170.66$ 8,309.49$ Promedio Inversión total 2,939,048.65$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 229,681.61$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 193,022.72$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 492,449.52$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 371,000.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 9,252.02$
CASOS DE CONFINAMIENTO
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Gasto Total $1,618.16 $1,567.20 $1,843.16 $2,508.28 $1,696.95 $1,846.75
Remuneración
Mano de obra
Familiar por
vaca
$ 24.24
$ 81.85
$ 197.82
$ 37.01
$ 94.64
$ 87.31
Retribución a la
Inversión por
vaca
$ 695.8
$ 592
$ 759.7
$ 783.6
$ 828.93
$ 732
Costo Total por
vaca
$2,338.2
$2,241
$2,800.7
$3,328.9
$2,620.5
$2,666
Ingreso Bruto
por vaca
$2,807.67
$2,214.12
$2,660.36
$4,043.13
$3,244.60
$2,999.98
Ingreso Neto
por vaca
$ 469.47
($ 26.9)
($ 140.34)
$ 714.23
$ 624.1
$ 328.1
106
;/,+$#!I0%d!;51./1#!+&1!.#'*#!*#*,1!0#$!A,.,!&!(-3$&'#!-&*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!Casos 7 8 9 PROMEDIO
Gasto Total por
vaca
$2,267.56 $2,667.90 $2,545.99 $2,493.8
Remuneración
Mano de obra
Familiar
$ 33.33
$ 87.58
$ 53.25
$58.05
Retribución a la
Inversión
$ 421.2
$ 498.9
$ 790.8
$570.3
Costo Total por
vaca
$2,722.1 $3,254.4 $3,390.1 $3,122.2
Ingreso Bruto $3,216.95 $3,204.80 $3,699.02 $3,373.6
Ingreso Neto $494.85 ($ 49.6) $308.92 $251.4
;/,+$#!I0%L!;51./1#!+&1!.#'*#!*#*,1!0#$!A,.,!&!(-3$&'#!-&*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!*#*,1!Casos 10 11 12 PROMEDIO
Gasto Total $3,343.66 $2,448.61 $2,564.16 $2,785.47
Remuneración
Mano de obra
Familiar
$ 30.68
$ 84.97
$ 53.97
$ 56.54
Retribución a la
Inversión
$ 761.12
$ 551.52
$ 560.90
$ 624.51
Costo Total por
vaca
$4,135.5 $3,085.1 $3,179 $3,466.5
Ingreso Bruto $4,077.32 $3,186.75 $2,665.82 $3,309.96
Ingreso Neto ($ 58.2) $101.7 ($ 513.2) $ 21.75*
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INGRESO BRUTO $1,204,491.32
$ 533,603.65
$ 279,338.23
$1,136,119.91
$ 684,610.86
TOTAL ACTIVOS
PROMEDIO
$4,455,253.63 $2,131,567.81
$1,197,933.96
$3,303,134.91 $3,479,962.07
RAZÓN DE INGRESO
SOBRE ACTIVO
27% 25% 23.3% 34.4% 19.7%
PROMEDIO 25.9%
INGRESO NETO
OPERACIONAL
$ 510,302.06
$ 155,908.48
$ 85,805.91
$ 431,291.97
$ 326,553.63
REMUNERACION A
MANO DE OBRA
FAMILIAR
$ 10,400.00
$ 19,968.00
$ 20,771.40
$ 10,400.00
$ 19,968.00
TASA DE RETORNO
SOBRE ACTIVO
11.228% 6.37% 5.43% 12.74% 8.81%
PROMEDIO 8.91%
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INGRESO BRUTO $ 283,990.16 $1,003,689.32 $ 730,694.45 $1,387,133.72
TOTAL ACTIVOS PROMEDIO $2,175,497.41 $1,965,174.91 $1,712,547.11 $4,424,624.31
RAZÓN DE INGRESO SOBRE ACTIVO 13% 51% 42.7% 31.3%
PROMEDIO 41.67%*
INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL $ 15,608.58 $ 280,659.06 $ 106,862.53 $ 412,895.18
REMUNERACION A MANO DE OBRA
FAMILIAR
$ 26,395.20 $ 10,400.00 $ 19,968.00 $ 19,968.00
TASA DE RETORNO SOBRE ACTIVO -0.49% 13.75% 5.07% 8.91%
PROMEDIO 9.24%*
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INGRESO BRUTO $1,382,211.35 $ 748,886.84 $ 986,353.38
TOTAL ACTIVOS PROMEDIO $3,852,692.80 $1,943,602.66 $3,117,052.70
RAZON DE INGRESO SOBRE ACTIVO 35.9% 38.53% 31.64%
PROMEDIO 35.35%
INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL $ 248,710.40 $ 173,463.98 $ 37,615.78
REMUNERACION A MANO DE OBRA FAMILIAR $ 10,400.00 $ 19,968.00 $ 19,968.00
TASA DE RETORNO SOBRE ACTIVO 6.18% 7.9% 0.57%
PROMEDIO 7.04%*
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/',+,!&'!-/&A,)&-*&!1,!*,',!+&!V(-,-.(,)(&-*#!+&!1,!2,$)!;$&+(*!7&$A(.&.!/*(1($,+,!&-!1,!
,.*/,1($,.(3-!+&1!666!+&!%FFI.!&'*#!&'!/-,! *,',!+&!G0dIS0!?#'! $&'/1*,+#'!+&1!&M&$.(.(#! '&!
&-./&-*$,-! &-! 1,'!;/,+$#'! I0GG! B! I0GF0!?#'! A,1#$&'! &-! 1,! .#1/)-,!+&! (-A&$'(3-! &'*5-! &-!
117
0,$L-*&'('!(-+(.,-+#!2/&!&'!/-,!',1(+,!+&!+(-&$#!B!1#'!A,1#$&'!&-!$#M#!B!&-*$&!0,$L-*&'('!+&!
1,!.#1/)-,!4":!(-+(.,-!2/&!&',!A,2/&$\,!-#!./($&!,M-!'/!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!0,$,!&1!0&$\#+#!
+&!,-51('('0!
!
6-!1,!&A,1/,.(3-!+&1!V1/M#!+&!&V&.*(A#!0$#B&.*,+#!,!.(-.#!,]#'.!;/,+$#!I0GG.!-(-3M-!
.,'#!/,!./((&$*#!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!0#$2/&!L'*,!*(&-&!/-!A,1#$!,1*#!0,$,!*#+#'!1#'!.,'#'0!?,!
&A,1/,.(3-!+&1!A,1#$!0$&'&-*&!-&*#!,!I!,]#'!'/3(&$&!2/&!-(-3/-,!A,2/&$\,!&-!./,12/(&$,!+&!
1#'!*$&'!'('*&),'!0/&+&!',1($'&!+&1!-&3#.(#!'(-!2/&!*&-3,!0L$+(+,'!0#$!1,!(-A&$'(3-!$&,1($,+,.!
,! )&-#'! 2/&! 1&! 0,3/&-! 1#! 2/&! V,1*,! 0,$,! ./($($! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! /&./,! q;#1/)-,! :"4! +&1!
;/,+$#!I0GGR0!
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'31#!&1!;,'#!d!/,!./((&$*#! '/! (-A&$'(3-! (-(.(,1! &-!&1!,]#!e!B!/,!,/)&-*,-+#!&1!.,0(*,1!&-!
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0$&'&-*&! -&*#! '/3(&$&-! 2/&! -(-3/-,! A,2/&$\,.! &9.&0*#! &1! ;,'#! d.! ! 0/&+&! $&*($,$'&! +&1!
-&3#.(#!'(-!*&-&$!0L$+(+,'0!7(!,13M-!3,-,+&$#!+&.(+(&$,!A&-+&$!1,!V(-.,!,1!V(-,1!+&1!,]#!:F!
+&(&$\,!(/'.,$!#(*&-&$!1,!0#$.(3-!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!2/&!,/-!-#!/,!'(+#!$&./0&$,+,0!
!
7(! '&!$&*#),! 1,!&901(.,.(3-!+&1!A,1#$!+&! (-A&$'(3-!$&,1!+&! 1,'!A,2/&$\,'!&'*/+(,+,'!
/,B! 2/&! $&.#$+,$! 2/&! &1! ,.*(A#! +&! ),B#$! 0&'#! &-! &'*&! *#*,1! (-A&$*(+#! &'! &1! *&$$&-#0! 6-!
3&-&$,1!&-!1,!,3$(./1*/$,!+&!"/&$*#!8(.#.!1,!3,-,+&$\,!&'!/-#!+&!1#'!-&3#.(#'!)5'!.#'*#'#'!
2/&!&9('*&!0#$!'/!-&.&'(+,+!+&!.,0(*,1!0&'&!,!*#+,'!1,'!,B/+,'!3/(&$-,)&-*,1&'.!,'\!0/&'!
/-,!0&$'#-,! (-*&$&',+,!&-!&)0&$,$!/-,!A,2/&$\,!+&(&!.#-*,$! .#-!/-!A#1/)&-!+&!.,0(*,1!
,1*#!#!,1*&$-,*(A,)&-*&!$&-*,$!&1!*&$$&-#!0,$,!1,!#0&$,.(3-!+&!1,!A,2/&$\,.!.#)#!1#'!.,'#'!d!
B! L.! B! +(')(-/($! +&! &'*,! V#$),! 1#'! $&2/&$()(&-*#'! +&! +(-&$#! +&! (-A&$'(3-! (-(.(,10! �k/L!
0,',$\,! .#-! 1,! &A,1/,.(3-! +&1! V1/M#! +&! &V&.*(A#! &-! &1! .#$*#! B! )&+(,-#! 01,$#! '(! *#+,'! 1,'!
A,2/&$\,'!(-(.(,-!#0&$,.(#-&'!&-!*&$$&-#!$&-*,+#�!
!
!
118
Cuadro 5.33 V
alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a cinco años
CA
SO
SIN
VE
RS
IÓN
F
EN
1F
EN
2F
EN
3F
EN
4F
EN
5N
PV
1(5
,197,7
74.0
7)
$
425,6
49.4
9$
450,3
53.5
6$
476,0
70.4
9$
502,8
41.8
1$
530,7
10.7
6$
($3,0
37,3
99.0
1)
2(2
,514,2
45.9
7)
$
156,8
52.0
7$
166,4
50.9
1$
176,4
43.3
0$
186,8
45.3
7$
197,6
73.9
3$
($1,6
76,5
53.2
8)
3(1
,497,1
22.5
5)
$
86,7
49.5
0$
92,1
62.4
6$
97,7
97.3
4$
103,6
63.2
6$
109,7
69.6
8$
($1,0
26,3
00.7
2)
4(4
,320,0
65.7
6)
$
444,6
02.6
9$
468,7
03.6
1$
493,7
92.6
7$
519,9
10.3
8$
547,0
98.9
2$
($2,1
46,4
38.5
8)
5(4
,135,9
88.9
3)
$
340,3
04.0
7$
357,0
33.9
7$
374,4
49.7
9$
392,5
79.6
6$
411,4
52.8
5$
($2,4
32,7
43.8
8)
6(2
,689,8
03.9
9)
$
18,8
87.3
7$
21,9
23.7
5$
25,0
84.6
2$
28,3
75.0
8$
31,8
00.4
6$
($2,4
23,8
50.6
8)
7(2
,387,7
31.4
6)
$
293,0
89.5
1$
311,9
35.9
7$
331,5
55.1
4$
351,9
78.6
9$
373,2
39.6
1$
($961,6
80.2
6)
8(2
,355,8
14.8
1)
$
103,2
97.7
7$
112,8
28.0
0$
122,7
48.9
8$
133,0
76.7
1$
143,8
27.8
8$
($1,7
35,7
38.8
6)
9(5
,387,9
03.9
9)
$
416,3
71.0
3$
440,9
54.4
6$
466,5
45.8
2$
493,1
86.4
1$
520,9
19.2
8$
($3,2
52,2
91.8
2)
10
(4,5
78,2
96.1
5)
$
265,2
02.6
5$
284,1
67.1
9$
303,9
09.2
8$
324,4
60.8
0$
345,8
54.9
2$
($3,1
20,6
75.7
3)
11
(2,4
83,6
67.7
2)
$
185,0
51.7
8$
196,9
31.3
4$
209,2
97.9
6$
222,1
71.6
1$
235,5
73.0
8$
($1,5
21,7
11.5
4)
12
(4,1
56,2
57.0
5)
$
46,4
90.4
2$
54,5
81.9
6$
63,0
05.2
4$
71,7
73.8
8$
80,9
02.0
4$
($3,6
52,8
18.9
1)
Cuadro 5.34 V
alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años
CASOSINVERSIÓN
FEN 1FEN 2
FEN 3FEN 4
FEN 5FEN 6
FEN 7FEN 8
FEN 9FEN 10
NPV1
(5,197,774.07)$
425,649.49$
450,353.56$
476,070.49$
502,841.81$
530,710.76$
559,722.34$
589,923.39$
621,362.68$
654,090.99$
688,161.15$
($1,312,241.86)
2(2,514,245.97)
$ 156,852.07
$ 166,450.91
$ 176,443.30
$ 186,845.37
$ 197,673.93
$ 208,946.47
$ 220,681.17
$ 232,897.00
$ 245,613.68
$ 258,851.74
$ ($1,030,046.72)
3(1,497,122.55)
$ 86,749.50
$ 92,162.46
$ 97,797.34
$ 103,663.26
$ 109,769.68
$ 116,126.46
$ 122,743.87
$ 129,632.59
$ 136,803.76
$ 144,268.94
$ ($666,472.20)
4(4,320,065.76)
$ 444,602.69
$ 468,703.61
$ 493,792.67
$ 519,910.38
$ 547,098.92
$ 575,402.19
$ 604,865.89
$ 635,537.61
$ 667,466.86
$ 700,705.21
$ ($381,544.92)
5(4,135,988.93)
$ 340,304.07
$ 357,033.97
$ 374,449.79
$ 392,579.66
$ 411,452.85
$ 431,099.85
$ 451,552.37
$ 472,843.45
$ 495,007.46
$ 518,080.19
$ ($1,119,260.93)
6(2,689,803.99)
$ 18,887.37
$ 21,923.75
$ 25,084.62
$ 28,375.08
$ 31,800.46
$ 35,366.27
$ 39,078.29
$ 42,942.50
$ 46,965.14
$ 51,152.70
$ ($2,305,058.90)
7(2,387,731.46)
$ 293,089.51
$ 311,935.97
$ 331,555.14
$ 351,978.69
$ 373,239.61
$ 395,372.23
$ 418,412.28
$ 442,396.98
$ 467,365.04
$ 493,356.80
$ $266,183.98
8(2,355,814.81)
$ 103,297.77
$ 112,828.00
$ 122,748.98
$ 133,076.71
$ 143,827.88
$ 155,019.85
$ 166,670.69
$ 178,799.22
$ 191,425.01
$ 204,568.47
$ ($1,240,110.08)
9(5,387,903.99)
$ 416,371.03
$ 440,954.46
$ 466,545.82
$ 493,186.41
$ 520,919.28
$ 549,789.19
$ 579,842.76
$ 611,128.53
$ 643,697.02
$ 677,600.82
$ ($1,555,642.37)
10(4,578,296.15)
$ 265,202.65
$ 284,167.19
$ 303,909.28
$ 324,460.80
$ 345,854.92
$ 368,126.21
$ 391,310.62
$ 415,445.59
$ 440,570.09
$ 466,724.70
$ ($1,968,028.18)
11(2,483,667.72)
$ 185,051.78
$ 196,931.34
$ 209,297.96
$ 222,171.61
$ 235,573.08
$ 249,524.01
$ 264,046.92
$ 279,165.28
$ 294,903.49
$ 311,286.96
$ ($746,889.43)
12(4,156,257.05)
$ 46,490.42
$ 54,581.96
$ 63,005.24
$ 71,773.88
$ 80,902.04
$ 90,404.45
$ 100,296.46
$ 110,594.04
$ 121,313.82
$ 132,473.11
$ ($3,346,971.48)
119
",$,!.#-*&'*,$!,! 1,!0$&3/-*,!,-*&$(#$! '&!$&,1($,$#-! 1#'!;/,+$#'!I0GI!B!I0GG!&-! 1,'!
2/&!'&!&-./&-*$,!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!'(-!(-.1/($!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!*(&$$,0!61!V1/M#!+&!
&V&.*(A#!+&!1#'!.,'#'!.,)((,!0#$2/&!'&!(-.1/B#!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!$&-*,!+&1!*&$$&-#!+#-+&!#0&$,!1,!
V(-.,.!0,$,!&11#!'&!&'*()#!/-!A,1#$!+&!$&-*,!&-!zFLd0I!0#$!./&$+,!,1!,]#0!4('*#!+&!&'*,!V#$),!
,!.(-.#!,]#'!*,)0#.#!'&!/,!./((&$*#!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!&-!-(-3/-#!+&!1#'!.,'#'0!"&$#!,/#$,!
&1!A,1#$!2/&!/,.&!V,1*,!0#$!./($($!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!+&!1#'!#*$#'!.,'#'!&'!)/./#!)&-#$!
q.#1/)-,!:"4!+&1!;/,+$#!I0GIR0!
!
?,! &A,1/,.(3-! +&1! V1/M#! +&! &V&.*(A#! 0$#B&.*,+#! ,! :F! ,]#'! '(-! (-.1/($! &1! A,1#$! +&1!
*&$$&-#! &-! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! (-(.(,1! (-+(.,! 2/&! ,1! V(-,1! +&!+(./#! 0&$\#+#! %!A,2/&$\,'! 1#3$,-!/-!
A,1#$! 0$&'&-*&!-&*#! 0#'(*(A#.! &'*,'! '#-! 1#'! .,'#'! F! B! d0!6-! 1,! A,2/&$\,! d!-#!//(#!-(-3M-!
.,)((#! &-! &'*,!-/&A,!&A,1/,.(3-!0#$2/&! &'*,!A,2/&$\,!-#!0#'&&! *&$$&-#0!61!;,'#!F! 1#3$,!
./($($!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!,1!V(-,1!+&1!,]#!:F!B!,],+($!A,1#$!,1!.,0(*,1!0#$!zGI.GF:0!5'\!1,'!
.#','.!+,+,!1,!0$#B&..(3-!+&1!V1/M#!+&!&V&.*(A#!B!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!&'*(),+,.!/-,!
A,2/&$\,!&-!"/&$*#!8(.#!.#-!&1!*,),]#!+&!/,*#!B!&1!'('*&),!+&!),-&M#!'()(1,$!,1!+&!,13/-,!
+&! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! +&1! &'*/+(#! 1&! *#),$\,!)5'!+&! :F! ,]#'! $&./0&$,$! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! B! 3&-&$,$!
-/&A#!.,0(*,10!
!
' 6(&$1&! &*! ,10.! %FFI.! ,-,1($,$#-! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! (-(.(,1! $&2/&$(+,! 0,$,! /-! /,*#! 1&./&$#! +&! :%F!
A,.,'! &-! 7"! B! 0,$,! +#'! /,*#'! +&! :%F! B! GFF! A,.,'! $&'0&.*(A,)&-*&! ,)(#'! &-! 7;20! 6'*#'! ,/*#$&'!
/,11,$#-!2/&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!0#$!A,.,!V/&!),B#$!0,$,!1#'!/,*#'!&-!7;2!.#-!$&'0&.*#!,1!/,*#!+&!7"0!",$,!
&A,1/,$!1,!(-A&$'(3-!'&!/'#!&1!)L*#+#!+&!1,!*,',!(-*&$-,!+&!$&*#$-#.!2/&!&'!,2/&11,!2/&!(3/,1,!,!.&$#!
&1! A,1#$! 0$&'&-*&! -&*#! +&! 1,! (-A&$'(3-.! ,'\! 0/&'! ,! ),B#$! 1,! *,',! (-*&$-,! +&! $&*#$-#! )&M#$! &'! &1!
(&-&V(.(#! 1#3$,+#! .#-! 1,! (-A&$'(3-0! 6'*&! )L*#+#! )#'*$3! .#-! &1! )&M#$! $&'/1*,+#! ,1! /,*#! +&! 7"! .#-!
$&'0&*#!,!1#'!#*$#'!+#'!/,*#'0!
!
!
120
Cuadro 5.35. V
alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a cinco años (sin incluir valor del terreno)
CA
SO
SIN
VE
RS
IÓN
F
EN
1F
EN
2F
EN
3F
EN
4F
EN
5N
PV
1(3
,251,7
74.0
7)
$
290,1
24.4
9$
314,8
28.5
6$
340,5
45.4
9$
367,3
16.8
1$
395,1
85.7
6$
($1,7
38,4
93.8
8)
2(1
,485,2
45.9
7)
$
85,1
89.5
7$
94,7
88.4
1$
104,7
80.8
0$
115,1
82.8
7$
126,0
11.4
3$
($989,7
22.1
4)
3(9
37,1
22.5
5)
$
47,7
49.5
0$
53,1
62.4
6$
58,7
97.3
4$
64,6
63.2
6$
70,7
69.6
8$
($652,5
15.0
7)
4(3
,375,0
65.7
6)
$
378,7
90.1
9$
402,8
91.1
1$
427,9
80.1
7$
454,0
97.8
8$
481,2
86.4
2$
($1,5
15,6
75.3
0)
5(2
,161,9
88.9
3)
$
202,8
29.0
7$
219,5
58.9
7$
236,9
74.7
9$
255,1
04.6
6$
273,9
77.8
5$
($1,1
15,1
49.4
7)
6(1
,499,8
03.9
9)
$
(63,9
87.6
3)
$
(60,9
51.2
5)
$
(57,7
90.3
8)
$
(54,4
99.9
2)
$
(51,0
74.5
4)
$
($1,6
29,5
56.1
7)
7(2
,387,7
31.4
6)
$
293,0
89.5
1$
311,9
35.9
7$
331,5
55.1
4$
351,9
78.6
9$
373,2
39.6
1$
($961,6
80.2
6)
8(2
,355,8
14.8
1)
$
103,2
97.7
7$
112,8
28.0
0$
122,7
48.9
8$
133,0
76.7
1$
143,8
27.8
8$
($1,7
35,7
38.8
6)
9(3
,854,9
03.9
9)
$
309,6
08.5
3$
334,1
91.9
6$
359,7
83.3
2$
386,4
23.9
1$
414,1
56.7
8$
($2,2
29,0
53.6
0)
10
(3,9
83,2
96.1
5)
$
223,7
65.1
5$
242,7
29.6
9$
262,4
71.7
8$
283,0
23.3
0$
304,4
17.4
2$
($2,7
23,5
28.4
8)
11
(2,2
59,6
67.7
2)
$
169,4
51.7
8$
181,3
31.3
4$
193,6
97.9
6$
206,5
71.6
1$
219,9
73.0
8$
($1,3
72,1
97.2
8)
12
(3,8
62,2
57.0
5)
$
26,0
15.4
2$
34,1
06.9
6$
42,5
30.2
4$
51,2
98.8
8$
60,4
27.0
4$
($3,4
56,5
81.4
4)
Cuadro 5.36. V
alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años (sin incluir valor del terreno)
CASOSINVERSIÓN
FEN 1FEN 2
FEN 3FEN 4
FEN 5FEN 6
FEN 7FEN 8
FEN 9FEN 10
NPV1
(3,251,774.07)$
290,124.49$
314,828.56$
340,545.49$
367,316.81$
395,185.76$
424,197.34$
454,398.39$
485,837.68$
518,565.99$
552,636.15$
($391,369.75)2
(1,485,245.97)$
85,189.57$
94,788.41$
104,780.80$
115,182.87$
126,011.43$
137,283.97$
149,018.67$
161,234.50$
173,951.18$
187,189.24$
($543,110.75)3
(937,122.55)$
47,749.50$
53,162.46$
58,797.34$
64,663.26$
70,769.68$
77,126.46$
83,743.87$
90,632.59$
97,803.76$
105,268.94$
($401,473.03)4
(3,375,065.76)$
378,790.19$
402,891.11$
427,980.17$
454,097.88$
481,286.42$
509,589.69$
539,053.39$
569,725.11$
601,654.36$
634,892.71$
$65,641.185
(2,161,988.93)$
202,829.07$
219,558.97$
236,974.79$
255,104.66$
273,977.85$
293,624.85$
314,077.37$
335,368.45$
357,532.46$
380,605.19$
($185,138.85)6
(1,499,803.99)$
(63,987.63)$
(60,951.25)$
(57,790.38)$
(54,499.92)$
(51,074.54)$
(47,508.73)$
(43,796.71)$
(39,932.50)$
(35,909.86)$
(31,722.30)$
($1,741,935.66)7
(2,387,731.46)$
293,089.51$
311,935.97$
331,555.14$
351,978.69$
373,239.61$
395,372.23$
418,412.28$
442,396.98$
467,365.04$
493,356.80$
$266,183.988
(2,355,814.81)$
103,297.77$
112,828.00$
122,748.98$
133,076.71$
143,827.88$
155,019.85$
166,670.69$
178,799.22$
191,425.01$
204,568.47$
($1,240,110.08)9
(3,854,903.99)$
309,608.53$
334,191.96$
359,783.32$
386,423.91$
414,156.78$
443,026.69$
473,080.26$
504,366.03$
536,934.52$
570,838.32$
($830,207.14)10
(3,983,296.15)$
223,765.15$
242,729.69$
262,471.78$
283,023.30$
304,417.42$
326,688.71$
349,873.12$
374,008.09$
399,132.59$
425,287.20$
($1,686,466.56)11
(2,259,667.72)$
169,451.78$
181,331.34$
193,697.96$
206,571.61$
219,973.08$
233,924.01$
248,446.92$
263,565.28$
279,303.49$
295,686.96$
($640,889.76)12
(3,862,257.05)$
26,015.42$
34,106.96$
42,530.24$
51,298.88$
60,427.04$
69,929.45$
79,821.46$
90,119.04$
100,838.82$
111,998.11$
($3,207,846.91)
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Cambio en ingresos por venta de leche -5% -10% 0 5% 10%
Cambio en precio del alimento concentrado
-5% 41% 38% 44% 47% 49%
-10% 42% 39% 45% 47% 50%
0 40% 37% 43% 46% 48%
5% 40% 37% 42% 45% 47%
10% 39% 36% 41% 44% 46%
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Cambio en ingresos por venta de leche -5% -10% 0 5% 10%
Cambio en precio del alimento concentrado
-5% 14% 9% 18% 21% 25%
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0 12% 8% 16% 20% 23%
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Cambio en ingresos por venta de leche -5% -10% 0 5% 10%
Cambio en precio del alimento concentrado
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Cambio en precio del alimento concentrado
-5% 28% 29% 26% 25% 24%
-10% 27% 28% 26% 25% 24%
0 28% 30% 27% 26% 25%
5% 29% 31% 28% 27% 25%
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Cambio en ingresos por
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-5% -10% 0 5% 10%
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Cambio en precio del alimento
concentrado
-5% 33% 33% 29% 28% 27%
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Cambio en ingresos por venta
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Cambio en precio del alimento
concentrado
-5% 5% 3% 3% 3% 3%
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9,'!-(#%&-('
139CASO # _______________ FECHA DE LA ENTREVISTA: _DD____/_MM________/_YY_______
I. LOCALIZACION DE LA FINCA
Municipio
Barrio
II. SISTEMA DE MANEJO
Pastoreo ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva con este sistema de manejo? Pastoreo + Confinamiento _________________________________________ Confinamiento _________________________________________
III. NUMERO DE ANIMALES Y CUOTA DE PRODUCCION
Cuota de producción (cuartillos diarios): Valor de la cuota: $ Año de adquisición: Vacas en producción: Vacas secas (horras): Novillas de reemplazo
IV. USO DEL TERRENO
CLASIFICACION Número de cuerdas Valor Área total de la finca Terreno propio Terreno arrendado De Otro Terreno arrendado A Otros Área en Pastos Mejorados Área en hierba para corte Pasto para henificar Pasto para ensilar Pasto natural Terreno en edificaciones y caminos
V. INFORMACION DEL DUEÑO Y EL ADMINISTRADOR
CARACTERISTICAS DUEÑO ADMINISTRADOR EDAD ¿Cuántos años tiene Usted? Sexo M / F M / F
Escolaridad. (Grado escolar más alto alcanzado por Usted)
Marque (x) solo uno 1. Ninguno 2. Escuela Elemental (Grados 1 - 6) 3. Escuela Secundaria (Grados 7 - 12) 4. Diploma de Escuela Superior o su equivalente (GED) 5. Algunos Años de Colegio 6. Completo 4 Años - Grado de (BA o BS) 7. Escuela Graduada
Marque (x) solo uno 1. Ninguno 2. Escuela Elemental (Grados 1 - 6) 3. Escuela Secundaria (Grados 7 - 12) 4. Diploma de Escuela Superior o su equivalente
(GED) 5. Algunos Años de Colegio 6. Completo 4 Años - Grado de (BA o BS) 7. Escuela Graduada
Experiencia. ¿Cuántos años de experiencia tiene en el negocio de ganado lechero?
¿En qué año empezó a operar esta finca como productora de leche? N/A
Vivienda. ¿Vive Usted en esta finca? SI NO SI NO ¿Cuál partida indica su principal fuente de ingreso? Favor seleccionar una sola opción
a) a)Venta de leche b) b)Otros ingresos relacionados con la finca c) c)Ingresos No relacionados con la finca
a) Salario en esta finca b) Salario en otra finca de ganado de leche c) Ingresos por actividades No relacionadas con finca
de ganado de leche
¿Qué por ciento de su ingreso bruto anual proviene de la actividad ganadera?
a) Menos del 25% b) 25% - 49% c) 50% - 74% d) d) 75% o más
N/A
¿Cuál es su ocupación Principal?
a) Ganadería de leche b) Otras actividades Agrícolas c) Actividades No agrícolas
a) Administrador de esta finca b) Administrador de más de una finca c) c) Otras actividades No relacionadas con fincas de
ganado de leche
¿Quién guía la operación de la finca? a) Yo mismo b) Un familiar nombrado como administrador c) c) Un empleado contratado como administrador.
N/A
¿Bajo qué tipo de organización se constituyó esta finca?
a) Finca individual o de la familia b) Sociedad c) Corporación d) d) Otros – Especifique
N/A
Esta usted o la finca certificada por el Departamento de Agricultura como agricultor o corporación Bonafide.
Si No N/A
Qué tipo de familiaridad existe entre Usted y el dueño de la finca? N/A
a) Ninguna b) Hijos c) Conyugue d) Hermano e) Otro lazo familiar. Especifique
140V
I. IN
VE
NT
AR
IO
A: F
AC
ILID
AD
ES
Y E
STR
UC
TUR
AS
INC
EN
TIVO
R
EC
IBID
O
Mejora
RE
PA
RA
CIO
NE
S Y
/O
MA
NTE
NIM
IEN
TO
AÑ
OS
DE
V
IDA
UTIL
RE
NG
LON
C
AN
TIDA
D
TAM
AÑ
O E
N
PIE
! / CU
ER
DA
S
AÑ
O D
E
AD
QU
ISIC
ION
/ C
ON
STR
UC
CIO
N
MA
TER
IAL D
E
CO
NS
TRU
CC
ION
C
OS
TO
Si
No
S
i N
o
Si
No
Sala de O
rdeño
D
e paso
D
e portón
.. H
erring bone
R
otación
S
ala de Espera
Cuarto de Leche
Cuarto de M
áquinas
R
ancho (s) para confinamiento de
animales
1 Som
bra, piso concreto
2 Som
bra, piso tierra
3 Som
bra, camas
individuales, piso concreto
Rancho de som
bra o descanso
Rancho de B
ecerros
R
ancho de novillas
E
dificación de cepos y corrales, jaulas de toro y m
aternidad
Cerca
Alm
acenes de S
uministro
1 Abono
2 Alim
ento
3 H
eno y/o Ensilaje
Silos
1 Cajón
2 Trinchera
3 Salchicha
Charca de
Desperdicios
Área
almacenam
iento
desperdicios generados en área confinam
iento
Garaje equipos y/o
taller
Tanque de agua
Corrales de pastoreo
Casas para vivienda
Oficinas
141B
: EQ
UIP
OS
INC
EN
TIV
O
RE
CIB
IDO
R
EP
AR
AC
ION
ES
Y
MA
NT
EN
IMIE
NT
O
ME
JOR
AS
R
EN
GL
ON
C
AN
TID
AD
A
ÑO
Y M
OD
EL
O
AÑ
O D
E
AD
QU
ISIC
ION
C
OS
TO
DE
A
DQ
UIS
ICIO
N
Si
No
S
i N
o
Si
No
Equipo de O
rdeño
E
quipo para Pesar Leche
Tanque de leche y Unidad de
enfriamiento
Planta E
léctrica
Tanques de m
iel
B
omba de agua (Lim
pieza)
M
ezcladora de leche
C
ompresores de aire
Termo de nitrógeno
IMP
LE
ME
NT
OS
Taladora
Abonadora
Pala
Em
pacadora Heno y/o ensilaje
Mezcladora de alim
ento
B
obcat
A
banicos
N
evera
C
alentador
O
tros (especifique)
V
ehícu
los de m
oto
r y maq
uin
aria ag
rícola
Tractores de rueda de goma
Tractores de rueda oruga / Cadena
Loader
D
igger
A
utos
P
ick up/ Cam
iones/ Truck
B
OM
BA
S
Riego
Aplicación de desperdicios
sólidos/líquidos
142C
: AN
IMA
LE
S
T
IPO
C
AN
TID
AD
C
OS
TO
PO
R A
NIM
AL
B
ecerras menores de 6
meses
Novillas de 6 a 18
meses
Novillas preñadas
Vacas con 1 parto
Vacas con 2 parto
Vacas con 3 parto
Vacas con 4 parto
Vacas con 5 parto
Vacas con 6 partos o
mas
Vacas totales
Becerros m
enores de 6 m
eses
Toretes
Toros
Bueyes
Otros
VII.
SIS
TE
MA
DIS
PO
SIC
ION
DE
DE
SP
ER
DIC
IOS
Mecánico m
anual
Autom
ático
Com
binado
¿C
ómo se m
aneja el estiércol después de almacenado?
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ¿
Cuántos días de estiércol soporta el sistem
a de almacenam
iento? ______________________________________ ¿
Cuántas veces al día se rem
ueve el estiércol? ______________________________________________________
143V
III. G
AS
TO
S O
PE
RA
CIO
NA
LE
S
BO
NO
S
CA
NT
IDA
D
RE
NG
LO
N
Pag
ado
s N
o P
agad
os
SA
LA
RIO
PO
R
HO
RA
S
EM
AN
AL
HO
RA
S
TR
AB
AJA
DA
S P
OR
S
EM
AN
A
VA
CA
CIO
NE
S
Can
tidad
V
alor
MA
NO
DE
OB
RA
Mayordom
o o capataz
Ordeñadores
O
breros de campo
M
ecánico
Carpintero
C
onductor
Operador de m
aquinaria
GA
ST
OS
AD
MIN
IST
RA
TIV
OS
Adm
inistrador
Secretaria
C
ontable
BE
NE
FIC
IOS
MA
RG
INA
LE
S
M
ano de Obra
A
dministración
E
MP
LE
O O
CA
SIO
NA
L
HO
RA
S
TR
AB
AJA
DA
S A
L
AÑ
O
JOR
NA
L P
OR
H
OR
A
Ordeño
Obrero de cam
po
O
tros
#1
#2
#3
144
MA
TE
RIA
LE
S
UN
IDA
D
CA
NT
IDA
D
$/UN
IDA
D
Alim
ento concentrado
Heno
E
nsilaje
Otros alim
entos y/o suplem
entos nutricionales
Cam
ada
Medicina
A
bono
Plaguicidas
Lim
piadores/Detergentes
C
ombustible
S
ervicio de Inseminación
artificial y Sem
en
OT
RO
S G
AS
TO
S
A
gua
Energía E
léctrica
Records D
HIA
Renta del terreno
C
ontribuciones
Seguros
A
lquiler de maquinaria
G
astos Veterinarios
M
antenimiento de
equipo
Fondo F
omento Industria
Lechera
Fondo E
stabilización de precios de la leche
Transportación de leche
Cuotas A
sociaciones
GA
ST
OS
DE
OP
ER
AC
IÓN
DE
VE
HIC
UL
OS
Y M
AQ
UIN
AR
IA
CL
AS
E
GA
SO
LIN
A
DIE
SE
L
AC
EIT
E,
FIL
TR
O,
EN
GR
AS
E
GO
MA
S
LIC
EN
CIA
S
EG
UR
O
BA
TE
RIA
S
RE
PA
RA
CIÓ
N Y
M
AN
TE
NIM
IEN
TO
Tractores de rueda de gom
a
Tractores de rueda oruga / C
adena
Loader
Digger
A
utos
Pick up / Truck
Cam
iones
145IX
. IN
GR
ES
OS
GE
NE
RA
DO
S M
EN
SU
AL
ME
NT
E
PA
RT
IDA
C
AN
TID
AD
U
NID
AD
P
RE
CIO
/UN
IDA
D
VA
LO
R
Venta D
e Leche
C
uota
E
xcedente
V
enta vacas de rezago
Venta terneros
Venta heno / ensilaje
Subsidio salarial
Otros Incentivos
gubernamentales
¿
Cuál es la producción de leche prom
edio por vaca? _________________________________________________________
Obtuvo el productor algún préstam
o bancario garantizado con los derechos de cuota durante el año 2004? S
i N
o
¿P
odría indicar cuánto dinero debe la finca? ____________________________________________________
US
O D
E L
A L
EC
HE
RE
ST
AN
TE
/LE
CH
E Q
UE
SE
QU
ED
A E
N L
A F
INC
A
U
SO
C
UA
RT
ILL
OS
PR
OM
ED
IO
Consum
o del propietario
Regalada a los em
pleados
Elaboración de derivados lácteos
U
tilizada para alimentación de becerras
Leche dañada y/o botada
X.
US
O D
E R
EG
IST
RO
S
¿
Qué registros de producción lleva en la finca?
a)
DH
I b)
Registros propios
c) N
o lleva registros de producción ¿
Posee un sistem
a de registro contable?
Si
No
¿
Contrata servicios profesionales de un contador?
S
i
N
o
¿U
sa un sistema com
putarizado de registros?
Si
No
¿
Consulta a los extensionistas agrícolas sobre producción
de leche y/o cultivo de forrajes?
Si
No
146
XI.
PR
AC
TIC
AS
DE
MA
NE
JO Y
CA
RA
CT
ER
ÍST
ICA
S D
EL
HA
TO
¿U
sa planes de manejo de nutrientes para la alim
entación de las vacas en producción?
Si
No
¿Q
ué prácticas lleva a cabo para manejar el estrés del
ganado por calor?
¿
Tiene en cuenta la producción de leche por vaca para alim
entarlas? S
I
N
O
Existe un horario de actividades diarias y/o m
ensual? S
I
N
O
¿Q
ué pasto cultiva/ vende y/o consume? (puede seleccionar
más de uno)
a) Malojillo b) P
angola c) G
uinea d) Merker
e) Yerba estrella f) O
tros, especifique ¿
Qué razas y/o cruces predom
inan en su hato?
¿A
los cuantos partos, en promedio, se reem
plazan las vacas?
¿C
ómo obtuvo sus reem
plazos en el 2004? a)
Crianza propia ________%
b)
Com
pra local ________%
c) Im
portación ________%
¿Q
ué material usa para rellenar las cam
as de las vacas?
¿U
sa TMR
? ¿C
ómo es la m
ezcla? S
i___ No___ / M
ezcla:
•
¿C
uál es la rotación de pastoreo? A
. 1 día o menos
B. 2 – 3 días
C. 4 – 7 días
D. 8 – 14 días
E. 15 – 30 días
F. M
ás de 30 días G
. Pastorean en el m
ismo terreno todo el tiem
po.
'